Theoretical prediction and experimental verification of light-load instability in a 11-kW open-loop induction motor drive

This paper presents the small-signal stability analysis of an 11-kW open-loop inverter-fed induction motor drive, including the effect of inverter dead-time. The analysis is carried out using an improved small-signal model of the drive that has been reported in literature recently, and is used to demonstrate small-signal instability in a higher-power-level motor. Through small-signal stability analysis, the region of oscillatory behaviour is identified on the voltage versus frequency plane (V–f plane), considering no-load. These predictions using the improved model are also compared against predictions of a standard model of an inverter-fed induction motor including dead-time effect. The oscillatory behaviour of the 11-kW motor drive is also studied through extensive time-domain numerical simulations and actual measurements over wide ranges of operating conditions. Both the simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of the predictions by the improved analytical model. Further, these results establish that the analysis is valid for both sine-triangle pulse-width modulation (PWM) and conventional space vector PWM.     

Sensorless speed estimation in induction motor drives by using the space vector angular fluctuation signal

A sensorless speed estimation method for real-time application in induction motor drives under steady-state condition is proposed. Speed harmonic component in the space vector angular fluctuation (SVAF) signal, which is caused by both dynamic and static eccentricity, is used for speed estimation. The SVAF signal is obtained from the stator currents of the induction motor. The extraction of speed information using digital signal processing techniques is considered. Experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity of the speed estimation method on an induction motor driven by an inverter.     

Numerical analysis of the symmetric hybrid transducer ultrasonicmotor

In this paper, operation of a symmetric hybrid transducer ultrasonic motor with output produced by two rotors connected together via a drive shaft is numerically analyzed and compared with the traditional asymmetric hybrid transducer motor design that produces its output from only one rotor. A one-dimensional finite element model for torsional vibration in the stator and a Coulomb friction model for rotor/stator contact associated with the longitudinal vibration of the motor are introduced. The calculation results demonstrate that the symmetric design is capable of performance comparable with the traditional asymmetric design when an optimum static spring force in the rotor/stator contact interface is applied during operation     

Improved direct torque control of induction motor with dither injection

In this paper, a three-level inverter-fed induction motor drive operating under Direct Torque Control (DTC) is presented. A triangular wave is used as dither signal of minute amplitude (for torque hysteresis band and flux hysteresis band respectively) in the error block. This method minimizes flux and torque ripple in a three-level inverter fed induction motor drive while the dynamic performance is not affected. The optimal value of dither frequency and magnitude is found out under free running condition. The proposed technique reduces torque ripple by 60% (peak to peak) compared to the case without dither injection, results in low acoustic noise and increases the switching frequency of the inverter. A laboratory prototype of the drive system has been developed and the simulation and experimental results are reported.     

Dynamic modeling and analysis of a bimodal ultrasonic motor

A dynamic model that includes four subsystems is developed to analyze the fundamental characteristics of a bimodal ultrasonic motor. The first subsystem is the driving circuit designed for the motor to achieve bidirectional motion. The stator is modeled as a Timoshenko beam, and the assumed mode energy method is used to obtain the dynamic equations. The normal interface force is represented by an elastic spring existing in between the tip of the stator and the moving platform. The interface forces are coupled into the dynamic formulations of the stator and the moving platform. The behavior of the force transmission between the stator and the moving platform are analyzed using the developed model. Transient and steady-state responses of the system are obtained by numerical simulation, and the results are validated by experiments. Furthermore, the existing of a nonlinear deadzone is predicted analytically, and the causes of this nonlinearity are clarified.     

Single-phase induction motor drive system using z-source inverter

Employing conventional three-phase inverter in variable speed single-phase drive suffers from limited maximum output voltage applied to motor or voltage utility factor (VUF). In this study, a z-source inverter (ZSI) has been used to drive a single-phase induction motor (SPIM). By the proposed topology, VUF and consequently torque speed characteristic of the single-phase motor is improved. The equations for employing ZSI in SPIM drive and modulation method are described. Results of two simulations using conventional inverter and ZSI are presented. The results show that using ZSI leads to an increase in motor electromagnetic torque compared to conventional three-phase inverter due to improved VUF. The experimental results confirm the theory and simulation.     

Numerical impulse response test to identify parametric models for closed-slot deep-bar induction motors

An impulse response test for estimating the electrical parameters of a deep-bar induction motor is studied. The impulse response test is performed within the two-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA). The impulse excitation is applied to the stator voltage. Since the test is suitable for modelling the perturbations about a certain operation point, a small-signal model for the double-cage induction machine is derived. The skin effect is taken into account by using two parallel rotor branches. In addition to the small-signal parameters, the steady-state parameters are also estimated using the time-harmonic FEA. The impulse response test is based on the assumption of linear behaviour about an operation point. Thus, the effects of nonlinearity are studied by several methods     

Space-vector-based PWM switching strategies for a three-level dual-inverter-fed open-end winding induction motor drive and their comparative evaluation

Two space-vector-based pulse-width-modulated (PWM) strategies are proposed for a dual two-level inverter-fed open-end winding induction motor drive. Neither of these PWM strategies require sector identification or lookup tables. These PWM strategies require only instantaneous phase reference voltages. Also, a simple model is suggested to compute the motor phase currents for this drive, and this model is validated through experimentation. The inverter losses are estimated for this drive system with these PWM strategies using an existing thermal model. The simulation studies suggest that one of these two PWM strategies is better than the other, as it causes lower losses in the inverters.     

The differential induction machine: Theory and performance

This paper presents the theory and performance of a differential induction machine, which is a special type of induction machine having two shafts projected from the two ends of a single stator. Application of a differential load on the two shafts cause them to run at different speed as a motor, which permits true differential movement and thus can meet the requirements of a differential drive in an electric vehicle. The machine is also capable of regeneration in the differential mode. This paper presents the construction of the above machine and performance of the same based on experimental results from a laboratory prototype. The equivalent circuit of the motor has been presented and verified experimentally.     

异步电机定子的振动与模态分析

准确计算异步电机定子的振动模态和固有频率是降低电机噪声和振动的基础。该文基于异步电机简化的物理模型,利用三维有限元软件,全面研究了异步电机定子的固有频率和振动模态。根据等效替换原理,利用多个离散的耦合单元体等效替换铁芯的有限元模型,有效的提高了定子的计算结果的准确度。在综合考虑散热筋、加强筋、底脚和铁芯叠片结构对定子固有频率计算结果准确度的影响后,使得该有限元模型的计算结果达到了很高的准确度。计算结果与实验结果进行了比较验证。     

Experimental determination of mechanical parameters in sensorless vector-controlled induction motor drive

High-performance industrial drives widely employ induction motors with position sensorless vector control (SLVC). The state-of-the-art SLVC is first reviewed in this paper. An improved design procedure for current and flux controllers is proposed for SLVC drives when the inverter delay is significant. The speed controller design in such a drive is highly sensitive to the mechanical parameters of the induction motor. These mechanical parameters change with the load coupled. This paper proposes a method to experimentally determine the moment of inertia and mechanical time constant of the induction motor drive along with the load driven. The proposed method is based on acceleration and deceleration of the motor under constant torque, which is achieved using a sensorless vector-controlled drive itself. Experimental results from a 5-hp induction motor drive are presented.     

Z源逆变器在异步电动机中的应用

近年来,间接磁场定向控制(IFOC)的异步电机驱动由于其效率高、稳定性能强及功率因数高,被广泛应用在高性能驱动系统中。本文采用IFOC技术来控制异步电机的速度大小,并使用Z源逆变器,即在逆变器主电路前加上一对阻抗(LC)网络,通过控制直通占空比,可以实现升/降压功能、提高异步电机的效率。     

Eighteen-sided polygonal voltage space-vector-based PWM control for an induction motor drive

An inverter scheme with 18-sided polygonal voltage space-vector structure is proposed for induction motor drive applications. An open-end winding configuration is used for the drive scheme. The motor is fed from one end with a conventional two-level inverter and from the other end with a three-level inverter, realised by cascading two conventional two-level inverters. The inverters are fed with asymmetrical DC-link voltages. A simple linear PWM control scheme up to 18-step mode is proposed, based only on the motor reference phase amplitudes. The proposed scheme gives an increased modulation range with the elimination of the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th-order harmonics, for the entire modulation range, when compared with any conventional schemes. The absence of low-order harmonics gives nearly sinusoidal currents throughout the modulation range, and makes PWM control of voltage very simple, with low inverter switching frequencies, especially in the extreme modulation range.     

Analysis of a stand-alone three-phase selfexcited induction generator with unbalanced loads using a two-port network model

This work proposes an equivalent circuit model for a stand-alone three-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) with unbalanced load impedances. The SEIG supplying unbalanced loads is modelled by a two-port network that allows the steady-state performance of the generator to be analysed more easily and more efficiently. The proposed model is validated by experiments on a 0.5 Hp cage-type induction motor operated as a generator.     

基于细菌觅食算法的异步电动机现场效率估算

提出了一种使用优化的细菌觅食算法估算电机的现场效率。该方法虽然有赖于测量定子电流、定子电压、定子电阻、输入功率和电机速度,从而基于电机的等效电路估算电机效率,但无需进行空载和堵转试验。对1台5.5 kW的异步电动机进行了试验,测试结果与粒子群优化算法、遗传算法以及实测的转矩测量法进行了比较,结果表明该方法能较准确地估计电机效率,并且简单、经济。     

Unbalance and harmonics detection in induction motors using an optical fiber sensor

In this work, a new method for the detection of the negative effects of a particular unbalanced voltage and inverter harmonics on the performance of an induction motor using fiber sensors is proposed. Supplying a three-phase induction motor with unbalanced voltages causes an oscillating electromagnetic torque that generates vibrations, increased losses, efficiency reduction, and an extra temperature rise that leads to a reduction on insulation life of the machine. A new in-line fiber etalon accelerometer has been designed to detect these vibrations in the range DC-500 Hz. The in-line fiber etalon scheme used provides high robustness and stability, giving enough sensitivity to monitor the low-frequency and low-amplitude oscillations in the stator of the machine that exist in a voltage unbalance situation. To prove this claim, a 1.5-kW squirrel cage induction motor is analyzed under different unbalance levels. It is shown that a precise unbalance factor can be detected without accessing to the electric part of the machine and an accurate monitoring can be obtained using the high-resolution analysis proposed.     

Simulation of surface acoustic wave motor with spherical slider

The operation of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) motor using spherical-shaped sliders was demonstrated by Kurosawa et al. (1994). It was necessary to modify the previous simulation models for usual ultrasonic motors because of this slider shape and the high frequency vibration. A conventional ultrasonic motor has a flat contact surface slider and a hundredth driving frequency; so, the tangential motion caused by the elasticity of the slider and stator with regard to the spherical slider of the SAW motor requires further investigation. In this paper, a dynamic simulation model for the SAW motor is proposed. From the simulation result, the mechanism of the SAW motor was clarified (i.e., levitation and contact conditions were repeated during the operation). The transient response of the motor speed was simulated. The relationships between frictional factor and time constant and vibration velocity of the stator and the slider speed were understood. The detailed research regarding the elastic deformation caused by preload would be helpful to construct an exact simulation model for the next work.     

Efficiency of Model Induction Motor Using Various Non-Oriented Electrical Steels

1. IntroductionThe total performance of inverter power supplieshas improved drastically as a result of the development of colltrol methods, higher performance in semiconductors, and higher speed, higher integration, andlower cost in integrated circuits, making it possible touse the inverter drive method in a wide range of rotating machinery which requires smaller size and/or variable speed drives. In line with these trends, magneticloss under nonsinusoidal waveform excitation, including lower …     

A Single-phase Spindle Motor Design for DVD Application

1. IntroductionA spindle motor applied for DVD drive is usually designed with three phases, radial winding andradial air-gap type. Because of the phase coznxnutation of this motor without using the commutator andtriggered by an electronic controller, it is called asDC brushless motorll'2]. The construction of this DCbrushless spindle motor with three phase colltroller isshown as Fig.l. Recedely, a new type, single phaseDC brushless spindle motor, which has been developed in our laboratory,…     

Time-stepping finite-element analysis of eddy currents in the form-wound stator winding of a cage induction motor supplied from a sinusoidal voltage source

The eddy-current effects of multi-conductor form-wound stator winding because of the fundamental and high-frequency magnetic flux in a cage induction motor are studied. The time dependence of the field and circuit variables and the motion of the rotor are modelled by the backward Euler time-stepping method. The motor was supplied from a sinusoidal voltage source. The series and parallel connected stator bars are strongly coupled with the circuit and field equations. The Newton-Raphson method is applied to solve the system of non-linear equations. The eddy-current loss distribution of the stator bars and the quantitative results of eddy-current losses are studied. The radial distance of the stator bars from the air gap has a remarkable effect on the losses and the hot spots. Methods to minimise the losses and to avoid the local hot spots are studied.