水性高分散纳米TiO2的制备及其在棉织物上的应用研究

采用水热一步合成方法,得到了水性高分散的纳米TiO2乳液,并就制备过程中分散剂加入对纳米TiO2结构和性能的影响及纳米TiO2在纺织品上的应用进行了研究.结果表明:在制备纳米TiO2乳液的过程中,加入分散剂能明显改善纳米TiO2的分散稳定性;加入不同的分散剂对制得的纳米TiO2晶型、粒径和光催化性能等有一定的影响.经纳米TiO2处理后棉织物具有很强的光催化性能,降解甲醛的能力、抗菌和抗紫外性能均得到显著提高.     

纳米TiO2在功能纺织材料中的应用

本文对纳米二氧化钛的特性进行了简单介绍,重点介绍了TiO2在纺织品中的抗紫外线性能、抗菌性能、抗静电性能、消光性能、抗老化性能、自清洁性能和隔热性能等。此外,还列举了TiO2在纺织品中的一些新应用,如提高免烫织物的强力、红外吸收增强织物保暖性能以及对聚丙烯/尼龙6复合材料的增容作用。     

纳米TiO_2在功能纺织材料中的应用

本文对纳米二氧化钛的特性进行了简单介绍,重点介绍了TiO2在纺织品中的抗紫外线性能、抗菌性能、抗静电性能、消光性能、抗老化性能、自清洁性能和隔热性能等。此外,还列举了TiO2在纺织品中的一些新应用,如提高免烫织物的强力、红外吸收增强织物保暖性能以及对聚丙烯/尼龙6复合材料的增容作用。     

纳米TiO_2在织物后整理中的应用

讨论了纳米TiO2在纺织品抗菌、抗紫外线辐射整理中的作用机理以及在纯棉织物上的应用。结果表明,整理后织物经30次水洗后对金黄葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率为100%,对白色念球菌的抑菌率大于90%,整理后染色布和未染色布的紫外透过率为5%,达到了最小饱和值;纳米TiO2赋予织物优良的抗菌、抗紫外效果,且服用性能不受影响。     

纳米TiO2在功能纺织品中的应用

文章介绍了纳米TiO2处理的纺织品抗紫外、杀菌、红外吸收、抗静电、自清洁、消光、抗老化等功能;对应用过程中存在的问题进行了讨论,提出了解决方法;并对纳米材料在功能纺织品中的应用前景进行了展望。     

中性纳米TiO2水溶胶的制备及应用

以TiCl4为原料,采用共沉淀胶溶法合成纳米TiO2溶胶,并应用于纺织品功能整理.探讨改性剂对纳米TiO2结构和性能的影响,通过XRD和Zeta电位法对纳米TiO2的晶型和稳定性进行表征.结果表明,改性后纳米TiO2溶胶的pH值接近中性,分散稳定性好,光催化活性较高.经改性纳米TiO2溶胶整理后的织物具有优异的光催化活性,在60 min内对有机挥发物(丙酮)降解率可达63.33％;整理织物的抗紫外性能显著提高,经3％纳米TiO2溶胶整理织物的UPF指数从整理前的6.05增加到54.32,达到极好的防护等级.     

纳米光触媒及其在纺织品上的应用研究

纳米光触媒具有纳米功能性材料的基本性质，文章对纳米光触媒及其技术在纺织品的抗紫外线、抗菌除臭、自清洁、空气净化、抗静电、抗红外线、抗老化等功能的应用等作了比较详细的论述。并对纳米光触媒施加到纺织品上的方法也作了简要介绍。     

纳米TiO2对改性棉织物耐久性整理工艺研究

正纳米TiO2粒子与织物的坚牢结合是纳米功能纺织品开发和应用的关键技术。利用硅烷偶联剂对棉织物进行改性预处理,并用轧-烘-焙及轧-烘-高压汽蒸二种工艺将纳米TiO2处理到改性棉织物上,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、织物的抗紫外线及光催化性能的变化对经处理的棉织物表面结构及性能进行表征和研究。结果表明:采用轧-烘-高压汽蒸工艺有利于纳米TiO2在棉织物上的坚牢结合,并有较明显耐久性;当硅烷偶联剂用量为2.5g/L时,所改性的棉织物经纳米TiO2处理后的耐洗性最好。同时在20次洗涤后,织物的抗紫外线性能略有下降,光催化性能和处理后的织物机械性能几乎无变化,而织物白度却得到了提高。     

棉织物的纳米TiO2防紫外线整理

采用纳米TiO2和聚乙二醇等制备棉织物的抗紫外线屏蔽剂,分析纳米TiO2结构、浓度以及聚乙二醇的分子量对其抗紫外线屏蔽能力的影响,同时分析研究TiO2整理棉织物的耐水洗性能、光老化性能及断裂强度。     

纳米TiO2/柞蚕丝素对棉织物的功能整理

用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2溶胶,并以该纳米TiO2和柞蚕丝素等的混合溶液对棉织物进行功能整理.用激光粒径仪表征了纳米TiO2溶胶及其柞蚕丝素整理液的粒径分布,测试了整理前后棉织物的抗紫外线性能、润湿性能(接触角)、悬垂风格、白度及撕破强力.结果表明:制得的纳米TiO2溶胶及其柞蚕丝素整理液中纳米粒子的平均粒径分别为13.31 nm和77.90 nm,经纳米TiO2/柞蚕丝素整理的棉织物抗紫外线性能优良,UPF值大幅增加,棉织物的柔软度、悬垂风格及吸湿性得到改善,撕破强力及白度稍有下降.     

Release of Titanium Dioxide from Textiles during Washing

Nano-TiO(2) has the highest production of all nanomaterials, and pigment-TiO(2) is a commodity used on the million tons/year scale. Information on the release of TiO(2) from consumer products is therefore an important part of analyzing the potential environmental exposure to TiO(2). For this study, we investigated the release of TiO(2) from six different functional textiles during washing. TiO(2) is used in textiles because of its UV-absorbing properties and as pigment. Analysis of fiber cross sections showed that the TiO(2) was contained in the fiber matrix. The sun-protection textiles had Ultraviolet Protection Factors that were between 58 and 6100 after washing and therefore above the labeled factor of 50+. Five of the textiles (sun-protection clothes) released low amounts of Ti (0.01 to 0.06 wt % of total Ti) in one wash cycle. One textile (with antimicrobial functionality) released much higher amounts of Ti (5 mg/L, corresponding to 3.4 wt % of total Ti in one wash cycle). Size fractionation showed that about equal amounts were released as particles below and above 0.45 μm. After 10 washings, only in two textiles significantly lower Ti contents were measured. Electron microscopy showed that the TiO(2) particles released into washing solution had a roundish appearance with primary particle sizes between 60 and 350 nm that formed small aggregates with up to 20 particles. The results indicate that functional textiles release some TiO(2) particles, but that the amounts are relatively low and mostly not in the nanoparticulate range.     

锦纶6/TiO2复合超细纤维的制备与表征

 应用静电纺丝装置制备出锦纶6/TiO2复合超细纤维非织造布,采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、红外光谱仪探讨其微观形貌、结构,通过抗菌性能测试验证其功能性,以期用于新型过滤膜、防护服等功能型复合材料。结果表明：TEOS助剂的添加实现了TiO2纳米颗粒的改性,有利于较好形貌的锦纶6/TiO2纤维的形成;当TiO2在锦纶6/TiO2超细纤维中质量分数为6%和8%时,静电纺纤维尺寸较均匀,珠状物较少;随质量分数增加,锦纶6/TiO2纤维膜对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果有所提高,当达到10%和12%时,其抗菌率均在80%以上。     

溅射功率对沉积纳米TiO2织物光催化性能的影响

室温条件下采用直流磁控反应溅射技术在涤纶纺粘非织造织物表面生长二氧化钛（TiO2）薄膜。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜对不同溅射功率条件下所制备TiO2薄膜的结构和表面形貌进行表征,研究溅射功率对薄膜沉积速率以及沉积纳米TiO2织物光催化性能的影响。实验表明：在一定范围内,溅射功率对沉积薄膜的化学结构影响不大,但溅射功率增加,薄膜的沉积速率和溅射效率提高,薄膜均匀性、致密性增加,沉积纳米TiO2织物光催化性能提高。但过高的溅射功率使靶材出现过温,不仅使薄膜沉积速率降低,均匀性下降,而且易损伤靶材。     

棉织物基光催化功能材料制备工艺

 采用性能稳定的无机物整理剂纳米羟基磷灰石对棉织物进行功能后整理,用以提高棉织物在光催化作用中的光学稳定性以及对纳米二氧化钛的吸附性,采用正交试验的方法,研究以棉织物为载体的二氧化钛光催化功能材料制备的关键技术。结果表明:采用1∶1的乙醇/水溶剂配置纳米二氧化钛分散体系,纳米粒子的分散效果最好;当分散体系中二氧化钛质量分数为3%时,制备的棉织物在紫外线照射下甲醛的分解效果最佳。     

In situ Fenton reagent generated from TiO2/Cu2O composite film: a new way to utilize TiO2 under visible light irradiation

TiO2/Cu2O composite is prepared by a simple electrochemical method and coated on glass matrix through a spraying method. The obtained composite is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of TiO2/Cu2O composite films with different ratio of TiO2 and Cu2O on photodegradation of the dye methylene blue under visible light is investigated in detail. It is found that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Cu2O composite film with the presence of FeSO4 and EDTA is much higher than that for the similar system with only TiO2 and Cu2O film respectively. Without the presence of FeSO4 and EDTA, there is no degradation for methylene blue. The exploration of the optimized parameters for the degradation of methylene blue by using TiO2/Cu2O composite film as catalyst under visible light was also carried out. The most significant factor is the amount of Ti02 in the composite, and the second significant factor is the concentration of FeSO4. During the degradation of methylene blue under visible light, TiO2/Cu2O composite film generates H202, and Fenton regent is formed with Fe2+ and EDTA, which is detected in this study. The mechanism for the great improvement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Cu2O composite film under visible light is proposed by the valence band theory. Electrons excitated from TiO2/Cu2O composite under visible light are transferred from the conduction band of Cu2O to that of Ti02. The formed intermediate state of Ti 3+ ion is observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the TiO/Cu2O composite film. Additionally, the accumulated electrons in the conduction band of TiO2 are transferred to oxygen on the TiO2 surface for the formation of O2- or O2(2-), which combines with H+ to form H2O2. The evolved H202 with FeSO4 and EDTA forms Fenton reagentto degrade methylene blue. Compared to the traditional Fenton reagent, this new kind of in situ Fenton reagent generated from TiO2/Cu2O composite film does not need to supply H202. It is expected to be easily recycled, which may reduce second pollution and the cost of wastewater treatment. Moreover, this TiO/Cu2O composite film with FeSO4 and EDTA provides a new way to take advantage of TiO2 under visible light.     

TiO2/SiO2气凝胶隔热涂层帐篷材料的制备

试验选取TiO2和SiO2气凝胶,制备SiO2气凝胶涂层剂、TiO2涂层剂以及TiO2/SiO2气凝胶涂层剂,并将其涂覆在帐篷表面,制得隔热帐篷材料。通过测量涂层织物的内外温差、拉伸断裂强力和导热系数,讨论功能粒子质量分数对隔热效果的影响。结果表明,未涂层织物内外温差为19.8℃;当SiO2气凝胶质量分数为5%时,织物内外温差为7.9℃;当TiO2质量分数为12%时,织物内外温差为2.6℃;当两者复配以后,5%SiO2气凝胶+12%TiO2时,帐篷隔热性能最好,和未涂层织物相比,内外温差降低17.2℃,拉伸断裂强力为2 173.3 N,导热系数为0.056 W/(m·K)。     

Photocatalytic oxidation using a new catalyst--TiO2 microsphere--for water and wastewater treatment

Since the suspended TiO2 powder enjoys free contact with UV irradiation in a photoreactor system, it can generally achieve better efficiency than the immobilized TiO2 catalysts. However, the separation and reuse of this catalyst powder from treated water often limit its application in practice. In this study, a new type of TiO2 catalyst called TiO2 microsphere was prepared by a sol-spraying-calcination method, which can easily settle in its aqueous suspensions under gravity. The SEM image of the TiO2 microsphere samples demonstrated that they had an almost spherical shape with a particle size of 30-160 microm, while the XRD analysis indicated that these TiO2 microspheres still had a crystal size of 8.1 nm. Since these TiO2 microspheres had a porous structure with higher specific surface area and pore volume than normal TiO2 powders, they appeared to have strong adsorption ability in its aqueous suspensions. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 microspheres was evaluated in the photodegradations of salicylic acid (SA) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA). The experimental results showed that the reaction rate using the TiO2 microspheres was similar to that using the TiO2 powders in the SA suspensions and even higher than that in the SSA suspensions. Chemical and physical properties of the TiO2 microspheres and powders that are attributed to photoactivity were discussed based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model. The prepared TiO2 microsphere samples were reused in the photooxidation reaction more than 50 times. It was found that there was no significant weakening in their photoactivity and no change in their particle shape. This TiO2 microsphere catalyst can be simply used to conduct an effective photooxidation in its suspension for water and wastewater treatment with ease of recovery from treated water.     

纳米TiO2在制浆造纸中的应用研究进展

该文着重介绍了纳米TiO_2在造纸湿部、功能纸、废纸脱墨、造纸废水处理以及造纸填料和涂料中的最新应用情况及发展动态,并对其中的技术要点进行了分析。     

Plasma surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles: improved photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous m-xylene

Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is a preferred catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of many air pollutants. In an effort to enhance its photocatalytic activity, TiO(2) was modified by pulsed plasma treatment. In this work, TiO(2) nanoparticles, coated on a glass plate, were treated with a plasma discharge of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) gas. By appropriate adjustment of discharge conditions, it was discovered that the TiO(2) particles can be either directly fluorinated (Ti-F) or coated with thin perfluorocarbon films (C-F). Specifically, under relatively high power input, the plasma deposition process favored direct surface fluorination. The extent of Ti-F formation increased with increasing power input. In contrast, at lower average power inputs, perfluorocarbon films are deposited on the surface of the TiO(2) particles. The plasma surface modified TiO(2) nanoparticles were subsequently employed as catalysts in the photocatalytic oxidation of m-xylene in air, as carried out inside a batch reactor with closed loop constant gas circulation. Both types of modified TiO(2) were significantly more catalytically active than that of the unmodified particles. For example, the rate constant of m-xylene degradation was increased from 0.012 min(-1) with untreated TiO(2) to 0.074 min(-1) with fluorinated TiO(2). Although it is not possible to provide unequivocal reasons for this increased photocatalytic activity, it is noted that the plasma surface treatment converted the TiO(2) from hydrophilic to highly hydrophobic, which would provide more facile catalyst adsorption of the xylene from the flowing air. Also, based on literature reports, the use of fluorinated TiO(2) reduces electron-hole recombination rates, thus increasing the photocatalytic activity.     

二氧化钛纳米管的制备及其光催化性能

为提高TiO_2的光催化性能,通过电化学阳极氧化法在金属钛箔基体上制备了结构有序的TiO_2纳米管(TiO_2NTs),并以此为基础通过连续离子层吸附反应技术(SILAR)制备了Ag、CdS共修饰的TiO_2纳米管(AgCdS/TiO_2NTs)。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、元素分析仪和紫外可见漫反射光谱等表征手段,对Ag-CdS/TiO_2NTs形貌结构、元素组成和光吸收特性等进行了表征,并研究了Ag、CdS修饰后的TiO_2纳米管的光催化性能。结果表明:Ag和CdS纳米粒子被成功沉积在TiO_2纳米管上;与纯TiO_2纳米管的吸收光谱相比,Ag-CdS/TiO_2NTs对光的吸收范围延伸到整个可见光区域;与纯TiO_2纳米管或CdS修饰的TiO_2纳米管相比,Ag(3)-CdS/TiO_2NTs对甲基橙脱色率最高,70 min后脱色率达100%。