Modulation of active Cr（III） complexes by bath preparation to adjust Cr（III） electrodeposition

The preparation process of the Cr（III） bath was studied based on a perspective of accelerating the formation of active Cr（III） complexes. The results of ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy （UV-Vis） and electrodeposition showed that active Cr（III） complexes in the bath prepared at room temperature in several days were rare for depositing chromium. The increase of heating temperature, time, and pH value during the bath preparation promoted the formation of active Cr（III） complexes. The chromium deposition rate increased with the concentration of active Cr（III） complexes increasing. Increasing the heating temperature from 60 to 96℃, the chromium deposition rate increased from 0.40 to 0.71μm/min. When the concentration of active Cr（III） complexes increased, the grain size of Cr coatings increased, and the carbon content of the coating decreased. It is deduced that Cr（H20）4（OH）L2＋ （L is an organic ligand, and its valence is omitted） is a primary active Cr（III） complex.     

疏基棉吸附分离法测定水中Cr（Ⅵ）、Zn（Ⅱ）

本文探讨了巯基棉在几种吸附条件下，定量吸附水中（Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ），用原子吸收光度法分别测定其含量的方法，本方法具有选择性强，吸附效率高、测定灵敏度高等优点。     

硫化亚铁处理含Cr（Ⅵ）废水试验研究

目的 采用硫化亚铁(FeS)处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水,达到降低污水毒性的目的 .方法 采取化学氧化还原方法 ,把毒性很强的Cr(Ⅵ)还原成Cr(Ⅲ),以便通过沉淀、吸附加以去除.结果 随着投加的FeS粒径减小,水的pH下降,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率增加.在10～35℃范围内,FeS对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率随着温度的升高而增加,而在35～40℃时,FeS对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率却随着温度的升高而降低.试验条件下,pH4.5,粒径0.08～0.11 mm,温度25～30℃,是去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)含量的适宜条件.该条件下,当FeS投加量≥2 g/L时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率99%以上.结论 Fes可显著降低含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的浓度.     

松花江佳木斯江段水体中COD_（Cr）与COD_（Mn）相关关系研究

应用2009年松花江佳木斯江段丰、平两水期监测数据对CODCr与CODMn进行一元线性回归,得到回归方程,并经相关系数显著性检验,表明在95%的置信水平下CODCr与CODMn线性相关极其显著.     

改性竹炭对Cr（VI）的吸附性能研究

为研究改性竹炭对溶液中Cr（VI）的吸附性能,考察了pH值、吸附时间、溶液初始浓度和改性竹炭用量对吸附性能的影响．结果表明,当溶液呈强酸性时,竹炭和改性竹炭均有很好的吸附效果;溶液呈弱酸性时。竹炭几乎不吸附;而改性竹炭却有较好的吸附性能,且经1000℃高温煅烧和氧化改性后的竹炭的吸附效果最佳．溶液初始浓度减小,改性竹炭用量增大,吸附率增大．当Cr（VI）初始质量浓度为40mg／L时。其饱和吸附量约为5mg／g,吸附平衡时间约为48h．采用一级、二级吸附速率方程对吸附能力的影响进行拟合,表明二级吸附动力学比一级吸附动力学更符合改性竹炭的动态吸附过程．     

Inhibitory effect of Cr（Ⅵ） on activities of soil enzymes

To evaluate the influence of various Cr(VI) concentrations (0.05, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 g/kg) on the activity of soil enzymes, the activities of catalase, polyphenol oxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase in soils were investigated in the incubation experiment with a period of 35 d. The results indicate that all the tested Cr(VI) concentrations significantly inhibit dehydrogenase activity by over 70% after 35 d. The activity of alkaline phosphatase is slightly inhibited during the whole experiment except for on the day 7. Cr(VI) has no obvious effect on the activity of catalase in soil. On the contrary, Cr(VI) stimulates the activity of polyphenol oxidase. The results suggest that dehydrogenase activity can be used as an indicator for assessing the severity of chromium pollution. Foundation item: Projects(2006AA06Z374, 2007AA021304) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(2008SK2007) supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province, China     

Biosorption mechanism of Cr （Ⅳ） onto cells of Synechococcus sp.

The biosorption mechanism of Cr （Ⅳ） ions on Synechococcus sp. biosorbent was studied by analyzing the biosorption kinetics as well as speciation change and bond formation during the biosorption process. The kinetics study shows that the adsorption process of Cr （Ⅳ） consists of a very fast stage in the first several minutes, in which more than half of the saturation adsorption is attained, and a slower stage that approximately follows the first order kinetic model, basically Freundlich isotherm models were observed. Comparative studies of FT-LR spectra of K2Cr2O7, free cells of Synechococcus sp., and Cr-bound cells of Synechococcus sp show that the speciation of chromium that binds to the cells ofSynechococcus sp. is Cr （Ⅲ）, instead of Cr （Ⅳ）, and the carboxylic, alcoholic, amido and amino groups may be involved in the binding of Cr （Ⅲ）. Integrative analyses of the surface electric potential, the effect of pH value on adsorption behavior of Cr （Ⅵ）, and the results of FT-IR show that the biosorption of Cr （Ⅵ） follows two subsequent steps, biosorption of Cr2O7 ^2- by electrostatical force at the protonated active sites and reduction of Cr2O7^2- to Cr^3＋ by the reductive groups on the surface of the biosorbents.     

Removal of Cr (VI) from Aqueous Solution Using Ultrafine Coal Fly Ash

Coal fly ashes WSRA and BQRA were ball milled for 5 h to produce their ultrafine coal fly ashes WSUA and BQUA, respectively. Batch kinetic, isotherm and pH effect on adsorption were studied to evaluate removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by ultrafine coal fly ashes comparing with raw coal fly ashes. The kinetics of adsorption indicates the process to be intraparticle diffusion controlled and follows the Lagergren first-order kinetics for all coal fly ashes. The first-order rate constants (k1) of Cr (V...     

改性粉煤灰除去水中六价铬的研究

用水泥对火电厂废渣-粉煤灰进行改性,利用改性粉煤灰吸附去除水中的Cr(VI)离子,试验研究了Cr(VI)初始浓度、吸附剂用量、吸附时间、溶液的酸度和吸附剂颗粒大小对吸附效果的影响,找出了吸附的最优条件。在最佳条件下,改性粉煤灰对Cr(VI)的去除率达95%以上。     

Adsorption of copper（ Ⅱ ） and chromium（Ⅵ） on diaspore

The adsorption of Cu（ Ⅱ ） and Cr（Ⅵ） on diaspore was studied with the help of X-ray diffraction analysis, BET measurement, zeta potential measurement and atomic adsorption spectrometry. The adsorption equilibrium almost reaches within 60 min. The adsorption isotherms of Cu（ Ⅱ ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could be well described by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption capacities of Cu（Ⅱ） and Cr（Ⅵ） are 1.944 and 1.292 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption percentage of Cr（Ⅱ ） increases with the increment of solution pH, but the adsorption percentage of Cr（Ⅵ） decreases. This could be explained by zeta potential theoretical and electrostatic attraction between metal ions and diaspore surface.     

零价铁/阳离子表面活性剂/生物炭对水体Cr(VI)的吸附研究

以常见柳条为生物炭原料,通过十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTMAC）进行阳离子表面活化,与零价铁、海藻酸钠混合制备了零价铁/阳离子表面活性剂/生物炭（Fe⁰?MBC）凝胶微球,探讨了其对水体Cr（VI）的吸附能力。借助XRF、FTIR、XRD以及Zeta电位等分析手段,对Fe⁰?MBC凝胶微球的结构与性能进行研究。通过分析反应时间、环境温度及pH对吸附的影响,在吸附动力学、等温线模型的基础上,初步探讨了吸附机制。通过吸附?解析循环实验,研究了Fe⁰?MBC凝胶微球的再生性能。结果表明,Fe⁰?MBC凝胶微球对Cr(VI)的吸附与准一级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合度较高;Cr初始质量浓度100 mg/L、负载质量分数分别为5%和10%的零价铁的CTMAC活化生物炭对Cr（VI）的去除率在2 h时分别为89%、97%,最大饱和吸附量分别为33.777 9、42.562 0 mg/g;Fe⁰?MBC凝胶微球作为一种成本低、效率高的环境功能材料,对去除废水中的Cr(VI)具有良好的应用前景。     

Adsorption and desorption properties of D318 resin for Cr（Ⅵ）

The adsorption capability of D318 resin for Cr(VI) was investigated by chemistry analysis. Experimental results show that D318 resin has the best adsorption ability for Cr(VI) at pH=3.16 in HAc-NaAc medium. The statically saturated adsorption capacity of the resin is 265.4 mg/g. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters, enthalpy change ΔH and free energy change ΔG ₂₉₈ of the adsorption reaction are 4.81 and −5.16 kJ/mol, respectively. The apparent activation energy E _a is 22.4 kJ/mol. The adsorption behavior obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The molar coordination ratio of the functional group of resin to Cr(VI) is 3:2. Cr(VI) adsorbed on D318 resin can be eluted by 5%NaOH-5%NaCl quantitatively. Foundation item: Project (Y304121) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China     

Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using ultrafine coal fly ash

Coal fly ashes WSRA and BQRA were ball milled for 5 h to produce their ultrafine coal fly ashes WSUA and BQUA, respectively. Batch kinetic, isotherm and pH effect on adsorption were studied to evaluate removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions by ultrafine coal fly ashes comparing with raw coal fly ashes. The kinetics of adsorption indicates the process to be intraparticle diffusion controlled and follows the Lagergren first-order kinetics for all coal fly ashes. The first-order rate constants (k ₁) of Cr (VI) adsorption onto WSRA, WSUA, BQRA and BQUA are 1.981, 1.497, 2.119 and 1.500 (×10⁻²) min⁻¹, respectively. The adsorption capacities of WSUA and BQUA are much better than those of WSRA and BQRA. Equilibrium adsorption data of all coal fly ashes well satisfy the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorbed amounts of Cr (VI) onto WSUA and BQUA decrease from pH 2 to pH 6 and then increase up to pH 12.     

Equilibrium,thermodynamic, and kinetic of Cr(VI) adsorption using a modified and unmodified bentonite clay

The capacities of natural and modified Brazilian bentonite samples as adsorbents to remove hexavalent metal chromium were investigated under several conditions in batch and column methods. The raw material, Ca-bentonite, was modified by anchorament of 3-aminopropyltrietoxisilane (APS) and 3,2-aminoethylaminopropyltrimetoxisilane (AEAPS) in the surface of bentonite sample. This type of new occurrence of bentonite is suitable as a raw material for adsorption process. Adsorption behavior of three bentonite types was strongly depending on pH of adsorbate solution, contact time adsorbent/adsorbate, and initial concentration of Cr(VI). The results were confirmed by column method and reveals that the adsorption process of materials accorded by the Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Langmuir isotherm models. The exothermic enthalpic values reflected a favorable energetic process for chromium ions anchored in the material surfaces. The negative Gibbs free energy results supported the spontaneity of three adsorption reactions with Cr(VI) ions.