强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成甲酸己酯

以甲酸、正己醇为原料，直接酯化合成甲酸己酯，分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂和催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成甲酸己酯的最佳工艺条件是：120℃；反应40min；正己醇与甲酸的摩尔比为1．15；催化剂用量为甲酸质量的1．2％；带水剂环己烷用量为甲酸与正己醇总质量的20％。甲酸己酯的收率达到96．12％。催化剂不经处理可循环使用多次。该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备和无环境污染等优点。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成乙酸己酯的研究

以乙酸、正己醇为原料,直接酯化合成乙酸己酯,分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成乙酸己酯的最佳工艺条件是:反应温度115℃;反应时间70min;n(正己醇)/n(乙酸)=1.2;催化剂用量为1g;带水剂苯用量为15mL(乙酸为0.3mol的情况下)。乙酸己酯的收率达到96.36%。     

癸二酸二正己酯的催化合成

以癸二酸和正己醇为原料、SO42-/ZrO2为催化剂、甲苯为带水剂合成了癸二酸二正己酯。考察了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、带水剂用量对癸二酸酯化率的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件:醇酸摩尔比为2.9,催化剂用量为4.8%,反应温度为195℃,反应时间为1.5h,带水剂用量为75%。在最佳工艺条件下,癸二酸的酯化率可达98%以上。     

耐寒增塑剂癸二酸二正己酯合成新工艺

以癸二酸、正己醇为原料，直接酯化合成癸二酸二正己酯；分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成癸二酸二正己酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度215℃，反应时间1．25h，正己醇与癸二酸的摩尔比为3．25，催化剂用量为占体系总量的0．75％，癸二酸二正己酯的收率达到98.21％。催化剂不经处理可循环使用多次。该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、无环境污染等优点。     

胺型离子液体催化合成乙酸己酯

合成了硝酸正丁胺（N_4NO_3）、醋酸正丁胺（N_4AC）、醋酸正丙胺（N_3AC）和醋酸乙胺（N_2AC）4种胺型离子液体,采用~1HNMR对其结构进行了表征。以上述胺型离子液体为催化剂,冰醋酸和正己醇为原料,环己烷为带水剂,通过酯化反应制备了乙酸己酯。考察了催化剂种类、反应温度和反应时间等因素对乙酸己酯酯化率的影响,优化了反应工艺。最佳反应条件为：15mL环己烷为带水剂,n（冰醋酸）：n（正己醇）：n（N_4NO_3）=1：1.2：0.1,反应温度为95℃,反应时间为4.5h,乙酸己酯的酯化率可达90.52%。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成丙二醇二苯甲酸酯的研究

以苯甲酸、1，2-丙二醇为原料。直接酯化合成丙二醇二苯甲酸酯，分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、带水剂、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成丙二醇二苯甲酸酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度110℃；反应时间240min；n(苯甲酸)：n(1，2-丙二醇)为2．1：1；催化剂用量为总物料质量的3％：带水剂苯为15mL/（1．2-丙二醇为0．2mol的情况下)。丙二醇二苯甲酸酯的收率达到95．94％。催化剂不经处理可循环使用多次。该催化剂具有价廉易得、催化活性好、不腐蚀设备、无环境污染等优点。     

固体酸WO_3/TiO_2的制备及其催化合成正丁酸己酯

制备了WO3为活性组分、TiO2为载体的双金属固体酸酯化催化剂WO3/TiO2,用于正丁酸与正己醇酯化合成正丁酸己酯,考察了催化剂中WO3含量、焙烧温度、催化剂用量、n(正己醇)∶n(正丁酸)、反应时间和催化剂重复使用性等因素对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明,催化剂的适宜制备条件是WO350%、500℃焙烧2.0 h。催化合成正丁酸己酯的适宜反应条件为:n(正己醇)∶n(正丁酸)=2.0,催化剂用量2.0 g,环己烷10 mL,反应时间90 m in。在此条件下,酯化率为98.8%,催化剂使用5次后,酯化率仍可达87.6%。     

氨磺酸催化合成丁酸异戊酯的研究

以氨磺酸为催化剂催化合成了丁酸异戊酯,确定了酯化优化条件。实验结果表明,醇酸摩尔比值为1．8;催化剂用量1．0g;带水剂甲苯15ml（丁酸用量为0．2mol的情况下）;反应温度为110－135℃;反应时间2．0h;是最佳反应条件,酯化率98．5％。     

对甲苯磺酸催化合成丁酸正戊酯

以对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,正丁酸与正戊醇为原料催化合成丁酸正戊酯。较系统地研究了酸醇量比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量及反应时间等条件对收率的影响。结果表明：在固定正丁醇用量为0.2mol的情况下,在n（正丁酸）：n（正戊醇）=1：1.4,催化剂占反应物料总量2.5%,带水剂环己烷的用量为6mL,反应时间2.5h的优化条件下,产品收率可达83.3%。     

耐寒增塑剂癸二酸二正己酯的合成

以癸二酸和正己醇为原料，对甲苯磺酸为催化剂合成了癸二酸二正己酯。考察了影响酯化率的各种因素，确定了最佳反应条件：癸二酸用量0．05mol，正丁醇与癸二酸的物质的量比为2．6，催化剂0．5g，带水剂甲苯10mL，反应时间1．5h；在此条件，酯化率达98％以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。