期刊文献

<正>界面扩张流变法研究C12mim Br对Gemini12-2-12在空气/水界面聚集行为的影响岳玲,何紫萌,王雨琴,尚亚卓,刘洪来摘要:采用界面扩张流变技术研究了季铵盐偶联表面活性剂C12-(CH2)2-C12·2Br(Gemini12-2-12)及其与离子液体表面活性剂溴化1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑(C12mim Br)复配体系的动态界面张力、扩张流变性质和界面弛豫过程等,探讨了     

改性累托石对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

用十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵[C12H25(CH3)2(C6H5CH2)NCl,1227]、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵[C16H33(CH3)3NBr,1631]、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵[C18H37(CH3)3NBr,1831]3种表面活性剂改性天然粘土累托石(rectorite,REC),得到3种有机改性累托石：1227-REC,1631-REC和1831-REC。用3种有机改性累托石对水溶液中无机重金属离子C(Ⅵ)进行吸附实验,考察了pH值、吸附时间、温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。同时,用3种吸附累托石1227-REC-Cr,1631-REC-Cr和1831-REC-Cr对Cr(Ⅵ)进行解吸试验,考察了pH值对解吸效果的影响。结果表明：3种吸附剂在室温下达到满意吸附效果的pH值为6,平衡时间分别为30,20,20min。在该条件下被吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的量与吸附前相比分别为80．2％,95．5％和97．6％,且3种吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)均是Langmiur单分子吸附。当pH值为10时,3种吸附累托石解吸出Cr(Ⅵ)的量对其原吸附量相比分别是89．2％,96．3％和97．7％。     

CH3Cl在ZnO(001)和ZnO(100)表面吸附的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,建立ZnO(100)和ZnO(001)表面的吸附模型,计算了吸附能、电荷密度、态密度以及过渡态等参数,研究了CH3Cl在ZnO不同表面、不同位点、不同吸附方式的吸附情况。结果表明,CH3Cl在ZnO(100)和ZnO(001)表面的吸附过程均为化学吸附。当CH3Cl整体吸附时,CH3Cl分子中的Cl原子可以与ZnO表面的Zn(2a)原子生成Zn-Cl键,CH3Cl在ZnO(100)表面的吸附能比在ZnO(001)表面的吸附能更低(-0.57 eV vs. -0.42 eV),体系更稳定;并且CH3Cl在ZnO(100)面吸附后,Cl原子的3p轨道态密度峰向左移动,且靠近费米能级处的峰值降低,表明Cl原子在吸附过程中提供电子,与Zn形成更稳定的相互作用。当CH3Cl解离吸附时,甲基自由基中的C原子可以分别与ZnO(100)表面的O(2a)和O(3a)吸附,CH3Cl解离吸附在Zn(2a)和O(2a)原子处的吸附能为-1.09 eV,在费米能级左侧O 2p轨道和C 2p轨道存在3个共振峰,证明C原子和O原子有较强的相互作用,而在Zn(2a)和O(3a)原子处的吸附能为-1.02 eV,且费米能级右侧O 2p轨道和C 2p轨道存在1个共振峰,表明C和O原子存在反键作用。过渡态的计算结果表明,CH3Cl解离吸附在Zn(2a)和O(2a)位点的过渡态能垒比在Zn(2a)和O(3a)位点更低(1.69 eV vs. 2.06 eV),因此CH3Cl解离吸附反应倾向于在ZnO(100)表面上相邻的Zn和O原子之间发生。     

支链烷基苯磺酸钠的表征及表面性质的测定

为了研究支链烷基苯磺酸钠的构效关系,以苯为初始原料经酰化、格氏反应、氢化还原、磺化中和等4步合成了4种支链烷基苯磺酸钠。支链总碳原子数为16,苯环连接位置分别在支链的2,4,6和8位。它们的结构分别为:(A)CH3(CH2)13CH(CH3)C6H4SO3Na;(B)CH3(CH2)11CH(C3H7)C6H4SO3Na;(C)CH3(CH2)9CH(C5H11)C6H4SO3Na;(D)CH3(CH2)7CH(C7H15)C6H4SO3Na。经核磁和红外光谱确定了化合物的结构,用两相滴定方法确定了产物中烷基苯磺酸钠的质量分数均大于99%。用Wilhelmy-Plate法测定了4种支链烷基苯磺酸钠在30℃下的临界胶束浓度CMC(mmol/L)以及临界胶束浓度下的表面张力γCMC(mN/m)。CMC和γCMC值分别为:(A)0 112,35 96;(B)0 232,35 05;(C)0 420,33 86;(D)0 708,31 47。根据Gibbs吸附公式求出饱和吸附量Γm、饱和吸附面积Am以及表面压πCMC。发现随着苯环在烷基链上连接位置由2变化到8,CMC增大,γCMC降低。采用电导法测定了4种支链烷基苯磺酸钠的临界胶束浓度,其结果与表面张力法的测定结果一致。采用两种基于辛醇/水分配系数的方法预测了4种表面活性剂的CMC,结果表明,考虑了支链化的CMC与实验结果符合较好。     

微小空间内光合细菌与气-液相界面作用的可视化实验

实验研究了光合细菌在微槽道光生化反应器内的产氢过程以及光合细菌与气-液相界面之间的相互作用。实验发现微槽道内气泡的初始生长点多位于粗糙的侧壁面,气-液相界面内外气体分子的浓差扩散导致气泡不断长大,液体流速增大加快了气泡的生长速率。在某些区域还观察到气泡逐渐缩小直至溶解于液相中的现象;光合细菌会在气-液相界面既存在不可逆吸附现象又存在排斥现象,吸附在气-液相界面的光合细菌会围绕气泡表面运动。同时吸附在气-液相界面的光合细菌增加了气泡的机械强度和稳定性并阻碍气泡的聚合。     

CH_4/N_2在炭分子筛上的吸附平衡与扩散模型

使用高精密质量吸附仪(IGA-100,HIDEN)测定了CH4和N2纯组分在炭分子筛上于298、313和328 K温度下的吸附等温线及吸附动力学曲线,研究了CH4和N2在炭分子上的吸附热力学及动力学性质。选择Double Langmuir模型(DL)对吸附等温线数据进行了模拟;选择Fick扩散模型进行了吸附动力学的模拟。结果表明,DL模型可以准确地描述CH4和N2在炭分子筛上的吸附,拟合相关系数都非常接近1,N2在该炭分子筛上的吸附量大于CH4的吸附量;通过Fick扩算模型计算得:2 4N CHD/D=7.26,N2在该炭分子筛上的扩散速率大于CH4,所以该炭分子筛可以实现固定床出口直接富集CH4的目的。     

高碳链正负离子表面活性剂复配溶液的表面物理化学性质研究

研究了负离子表面活性剂C12SNa同正离子表面活性剂（C18H37）2N（CH3）3Cl、C16H33N（CH3）3Cl复配溶液的表面物理化学性质，结果表明复配液具有比单一表面活性剂更高的表面活性，且无论正负离子表面活性剂复配比例如何，表面的吸附量与1:1复配液吸附量相似，即吸附量R^ 同R^-比例为1:1左右。     

居贝特醇十六烷基醚羟丙基季铵盐及其复配体系在石英表面吸附的研究

利用座滴法研究了阳离子表面活性剂居贝特醇十六烷基醚羟丙基季铵盐(C16GPC)溶液在石英表面上的润湿性能,并考察了非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(Triton X-100)及不同类型电解质对其接触角的影响趋势。研究发现,C16GPC在石英表面通过静电作用形成定向排列的单分子层,而后在cmc附近形成双层结构,接触角随浓度变化的趋势存在一个极大值;Triton X-100与C16GPC在界面上混合吸附,进一步降低表面张力,且影响固/液界面膜排列的规整性,从而造成接触角明显降低;电解质促进表面活性剂在气/液界面的吸附,同时抑制其在固/液界面的吸附,共同导致接触角降低。     

香兰素基非离子表面活性剂的动态表面张力与气/液界面吸附行为

通过最大气泡压力法测定香兰素基聚氧乙烯醚(VAEO)的动态表面张力,利用Word-Tordai方程研究其在气/液界面的吸附行为。结果表明,质量浓度低于临界胶束浓度(cmc)时,VAEO在吸附前期为扩散控制吸附,在吸附后期为混合动力控制吸附;质量浓度大于cmc时,为混合动力控制吸附,胶束不影响吸附行为。VAEO_(10)和VAEO_(20)的扩散系数D的数量级为10~(-11)m~2/s,比文献报道的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEO_9)低一个数量级。     

煤层气吸附/解吸分馏的从头计算研究

根据13CH4与12CH4在煤表面吸附势能的差异性合理解释煤层气吸附/解吸过程中的碳同位素分馏效应,为煤层气运移聚集过程的预测提供了有效途径.根据已建立的甲烷在煤表面的吸附模型,采用量子化学从头计算的方法计算煤表面甲烷吸附势能,绘制煤吸附甲烷的势能曲线,发现13CH4在煤表面的吸附势能普遍高于12CH4,也就是说13CH4与12CH4相比具有优先吸附、滞后解吸的特点.这一研究结果与Polanyi吸附势理论的研究结果一致.从而合理解释了煤层气解吸过程中发现的先解吸δ12C甲烷、后解吸δ13C甲烷的现象,也解释了煤层甲烷碳同位素深部重、浅部轻的地质现象;同时计算结果还表明,甲烷在煤表面是以单分子层吸附的.     

表面活性剂在气/液界面上扩散控制的吸附动力学(英文)

For the diffusion-controlled adsorption, the expression of dynamic surface adsorption P（t） was ob- tained by solving the diffusion equation. Two cases, i.e. the short and long time limits, were mainly discussed in this paper. From the measured dynamic surface tension of aqueous surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate （SDS） solutions at 25 ℃, the adsorption kinetics of SDS at air/solution interface was studied. It was proved that for both of the short and long time limits, the adsorption process of SDS was controlled by diffusion.     

扩展球形溶液表面上decanoyl-N-methylglucamine的吸附动力学

A general expression of the dynamic surface adsorption [Г（t）] on the expanding spherical surface was derived by solving the corresponding diffusion equation under different initial and boundary conditions. Different from the result of the still spherical surface, two factors （smaller than 1） appeared in the equation for the short time adsorption. Using the derived results, the adsorption kinetics of aqueous decanoyl-N-methylglucamine （Mega-10） solution was studied. In the short time region （t→0）, a good agreement of experimental results with the theory was reached and the adsorption was controlled by diffusion.     

全氟烷基表面活性剂吸附特性研究

针对全氟烷基季铵碘化物(Le-134)、全氟烷基磷酸酯(Le-107)和全氟烷基聚醚(Le-180)三种表面活性剂水溶液的平衡态表面张力和吸附动力特性进行了研究。临界胶束浓度的大小关系为Le-180 (15×10^-6) -6) -6);饱和吸附量Г_max大小关系为 Le-107 相似文献   

Adsorption Behavior of Nonionic Surfactants Studied by Drop Volume Technique

This study shows that the drop volume technique can be used to determine the adsorption behavior and interfacial adsorption kinetics of surfactants at fluid interfaces. Using this tensiometric method, one can determine not only the interfacial tension of the pure phases, but also the critical concentration for the formation of micelles (CMC) in a surfactant system, the quasi‐static (equilibrium) interfacial tension, the diffusion coefficient as a function of surfactant concentration, and the maximum adsorption density at the interface. The determination of the dynamic interfacial tension allows to indirectly characterize the kinetics of surfactant adsorption. The time dependence of the interfacial coverage resulting from this adsorption process is well described by two approximation solutions (for short and long adsorption times), with the result that the diffusion coefficients calculated as a function of surfactant concentration using these two methods show good agreement. The droplet formation and dripping process of a surfactant solution in a capillary was found to be quite different depending on whether the process occurred in gaseous or fluid surroundings. In particular, the formation of satellite droplets was different for the two different media, in terms of both the volume and shape of the satellite droplets.     

AB-8大孔树脂对葡萄籽原花青素的吸附过程

研究葡萄籽原花青素粗提液在AB-8大孔树脂上的吸附过程,建立了AB-8大孔树脂吸附原花青素的相平衡方程和动态吸附模型,计算了不同流速、不同进料浓度下的总传质系数、传质区长度及穿透时间。实验结果表明,原花青素静态吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程式;AB-8树脂对原花青素的动态吸附属于外扩散控制过程;穿透时间计算值与实验值一致。建立的数学模型可用于指导实际生产操作,为吸附柱的设计提供参考。     

C_9 FK的表面活性测定

用吊片法和自制改进的最大泡压法分别测定了全氟庚氧基全氟亚乙基磺酸钾(C9FK)溶液的平衡和动态表面张力,计算得出该种表面活性剂形成胶束的标准热力学函数△Hmθ、△Smθ、△Gmθ分别为16．98 kJ／mol、218．29 J／mol·K、-48．22 kJ／mol。结合Word-Tordai方程,计算得到在不同条件下的表观扩散系数Da和吸附势垒Ea。实验证明,增大表面活性剂的浓度、降低温度、以及无机盐(NaCl)的加入都会使扩散系数减小,吸附势垒增大,从而不利于吸附的进行。当表面活性剂的浓度小于等于1×10-6 mol/L时,该体系属于扩散控制模型,而浓度大于 1×10-6 mol/L时,在吸附初期(t→O)属于扩散控制,后期均属于混合控制模型。     

Transport of direct dye into cellulose membrane

The dyeing process for a cellulose membrane–direct dye system is analyzed based on a parallel transport mechanism of surface and pore diffusion with Freundlich isotherm. Numerical solutions were obtained in order to clarify how the surface and pore diffusion resistances affect the uptake curve. The numerical solutions were also compared with an analytical solution for surface diffusion control to establish the range where the analytical solution can be considered as an acceptable approximation. The uptake curves in the cellulose membrane-chromophore (C.I. Direct Yellow 12) system in the presence of inorganic electrolyte were measured. The rate of adsorption and the maximum amount of adsorption increased with an increase in the concentration of those electrolytes. The rate of adsorption was approximately controlled by the surface diffusion rather than by pore diffusion. The surface diffusivities of the dye were little affected by either the concentration and or nature of the electrolyte.     

海藻酸纤维对水溶液中Fe~(3+)的吸附动力学研究

以海藻酸纤维作为吸附材料研究了纤维对水溶液中Fe3+的吸附性能,用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、Elovich方程、粒子扩散方程、双常数方程和指数函数方程数学模型对不同Fe3+浓度、吸附时间的吸附曲线进行分析,研究了其吸附的动力学机理。结果表明:在研究的浓度和条件范围内,准二级动力学模型、Elovich方程和双常数方程的拟合度较好,模拟值与实验值吻合较好,说明海藻酸纤维吸附Fe3+是复杂的非均相扩散的化学吸附过程。粒子扩散方程表明颗粒内扩散不是控制海藻酸纤维吸附Fe3+过程的唯一步骤,而是由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散联合控制。     

Equilibrium and Dynamic Surface Properties of Sulfosuccinate Surfactants

The equilibrium and dynamic surface tension of three sulfosuccinate surfactants at the air/aqueous solution interface were investigated. Wilhelmy plate method was used to determine critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the equilibrium surface tension (γ _eq). The dynamic surface tensions in the range 10–100 s were measured by maximum bubble pressure method. The well-known Ward–Tordai equation was employed to analyze the adsorption of the sulfosuccinate surfactants. The parameters and effective diffusion coefficients (D _eff) of dynamic surface tension have been calculated and analyzed. The equilibrium surface tension results showed that disodium laureth (3) sulfosuccinate (AEO₃-SS), disodium laureth (6) sulfosuccinate (AEO₆-SS) and disodium alkyl ethoxy glucoside sulfosuccinate (AEG-SS) are surfactants possessing strong surface activity, adsorbing to the interface rapidly and their γ _eq values were in the range 25–32 mN/m. CMC of the three surfactants increases with the number of hydrophilic groups and AEO₃-SS has the lowest CMC. According to the values of some dynamic surface tension parameters, AEG-SS is the most hydrophilic surfactant of them and AEO₃-SS is energetically more favorable to adsorb to the interface than the others. According to Ward–Tordai equation, the D _eff values were calculated, the adsorption mechanism was diffusion controlled at short times and toward the end good evidence was found for an activated-diffusion mechanism with an energy barrier.     

无机锰吸附材料的制备及其锂离子的吸附性能

以氢氧化锂为原料,通过控制无机锰吸附材料合成反应条件制备了尖晶石型的LiMn2O4离子筛前驱体,经酸浸脱锂后获得对Li+具有特殊选择性吸附的尖晶石型离子筛。对无机锰吸附材料进行了XRD、SEM、BET表征,测定了离子筛对纯锂溶液和卤水中锂的吸附容量。结果表明,当离子筛制备体系的原料锂锰物质的比为0.5、800 ℃下反应15 h时,产品为近纯尖晶石型晶体,且具有较大比表面积。吸附实验表明,该离子筛在碱性含锂溶液中对Li+具有吸附性能,且吸附容量随着溶液pH和温度的升高而增大,在pH=13的纯锂溶液中最大吸附量可达32.251 mg/g,并在30 h达到吸附平衡。该吸附材料循环利用8次后,吸附量保持在18 mg/g以上,在西藏龙木错卤水中,对锂的吸附量达到11.273 mg/g。吸附过程符合伪二级动力学,表明吸附过程主要为化学吸附,且离子交换反应的控制步骤是颗粒扩散控制（PDC）。