丁香和肉桂精油气相抑菌活性研究

采用超临界CO2萃取法提取丁香和肉桂精油,并通过滤纸片法、固相扩散法、气相扩散法等体外抗菌试验,比较了丁香、肉桂精油及混合精油和常用化学防腐剂山梨酸钾对11株食品中常见污染菌的抑菌作用。结果表明:丁香、肉桂精油及混合精油对供试细菌、霉菌和酵母菌均有较强的抑制作用,抑菌效果显著优于山梨酸钾;对霉菌的抑菌作用显著高于酵母菌和细菌,且气态抑制作用比固相抑菌作用强;混合精油对细菌的抑菌作用有拮抗作用,在气相中的拮抗作用更强;对酵母菌的抑菌作用没有影响;对黄曲霉和黑曲霉有相加作用;对桔青霉有协同作用。     

肉桂精油香氛抗菌活性及成分分析

为提高气相熏蒸肉桂精油的抗菌能力,对四种肉桂精油香氛方式对白色葡萄球菌的抑杀效果进行了研究。研究发现香氛方式对抗菌效果的影响呈现出一定规律。其中,最低抑菌浓度（MIC）大小规律为：喷雾雾化>水浴加热>自然挥发>燃烧;最低杀菌浓度（MBC）大小规律为：水浴加热>喷雾雾化>自然挥发>燃烧。采用电子鼻对四种香氛方式最低杀菌浓度下的气体成分进行大类区分,并进一步利用顶空固相微萃取（Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction,HS-SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术（Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS）对其进行成分构成分析。结果表明不同香氛方式检测到的成分相对含量具有很大差异。其中水浴加热方式检测到的相对含量大于1%的成分种类数为15种,各萜烯类相对含量占比达到了29.76%;喷雾雾化强制性地雾化出相对含量更多的肉桂醛,其相对含量占比达到74.26%。由此可见：肉桂精油香氛方式改变时,香氛气体的成分构成会发生变化,进而影响对白色葡萄球菌的抗菌效果。其中喷雾雾化具有最佳的抑菌效果,水浴加热具有最佳的杀菌效果。     

肉桂精油复配香芹酚和百里香酚对食用畜禽有害微生物熏蒸的抗菌活性

通过测定抑菌圈直径确定肉桂精油及单离香料香芹酚和百里酚对食用畜禽有害微生物的敏感性,同时采用气相熏蒸法测定最低抑菌浓度（Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（Minimum Bacterial Concentration,MBC）。结果表明：肉桂精油及香芹酚和百里酚对食用畜禽有害微生物都具有一定的抑杀能力。肉桂精油对黑曲霉的抗菌效果优于百里香酚和香芹酚,肉桂精油对黑曲霉的MIC和MBC为62.5 μL/L,而百里香酚和香芹酚的MIC和MBC均为125 μL/L;将肉桂精油与香芹酚进行复配,复配精油对白色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉均表现出相加作用（FICI≤1）,而对白色念珠菌则表现为无关作用。通过GC-MS分析,肉桂精油的主要挥发性化学成分中相对含量较高的为肉桂醛（78.19%）、2-甲氧基肉桂醛（8.70%）。采用电子鼻分析溶剂稀释后对复配精油抑菌活性的影响,抑菌能力大小为：丙二醇稀释≈无水乙醇稀释＞未稀释＞甘油稀释＞食用油稀释。实验表明：香芹酚与肉桂精油复配可以提高肉桂精油的抗菌活性,溶剂挥发性的差异会对复配精油的抑菌活性造成不同影响,稀释复配精油时溶剂的较优选择为丙二醇。     

肉桂精油成分分析及其抗氧化性和抑菌活性的研究

本研究采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取肉桂精油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对精油成分进行分析,并分析精油体外抗氧化能力和抑菌活性。结果表明：精油提取率为1.34%,GC-MS共检测出38种精油组分,占精油总含量的99.59%,其中相对含量较多的是反式-肉桂醛（59.54%）,γ-松油烯（12.90%）,葎草烯（6.58%）,石竹烯（4.22%）,β-红没药烯（2.20%）和视黄醇乙酸酯（1.70%）。肉桂精油对DPPH?和ABTS?都有清除能力,其IC50值分别为96.9189和6.3669 ug/mL。肉桂精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌都具有较强的抑菌活性,二者的抑菌圈直径分别为16和19 mm,MIC值分别为0.50 mg/mL和0.25 mg/mL。     

二种可食用精油的抗菌活性研究

对生姜和芫荽叶两种可食用精油的抗菌活性进行了研究.采用水蒸汽同步蒸馏法提取精油,以抗生素为参比,运用琼脂孔洞法测定生姜块茎和芫荽茎叶精油抗6种食源性致病菌和2种腐败真菌的抑菌圈直径.结果表明,生姜和芫荽精油均表现程度不等的广谱抗菌活性.生姜精油对肺炎克雷伯菌、志贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和假丝酵母具有良好的抗菌作用...     

Biocontrol of Gray Mold Disease on Strawberry Fruit by Integration of Lactobacillus plantarum A7 with Ajwain and Cinnamon Essential Oils

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the Lactobacillus plantarum A7 (L. Plantarum), ajwain and cinnamon essential oils (AO and CO, respectively) in suppressing gray mold rot in strawberry fruit. AO and CO showed over 90% inhibition of radial mycelia growth with lower concentration of the oils per plate for all tested pathogens. Combined application of L. plantarum with AO and CO was tested to assess the possible synergistic effects of these 3 elements on the control of tested plant pathogens. In this case both combinations of L. plantarum + AO and L. plantarum + CO inhibited the mycelia growth of the pathogens completely. Results showed that the combined treatment of strawberry fruits with L. plantarum + AO (50 μL) and L. plantarum + CO (100 μL) resulted in remarkably improved control of Botrytis infections, in comparison with application of L. plantarum or essential oils alone. Quality attributes (that is pH, acidity, vitamin C, and total soluble solid) of the strawberry fruits did not change significantly (P < 0.01) when combination of Lactobacillus and essential oils was used. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of combination of a Lactobacillus as an antagonist bacterium with essential oils to increase the shelf life of strawberry.     

肉桂精油-玉米淀粉基抗菌膜的制备及其性能

为研究新型抗菌降解包装材料,筛选肉桂精油等4?种植物精油,以玉米淀粉、壳聚糖和魔芋葡甘露聚糖为成膜基质,甘油为增塑剂,吐温-80为表面活性剂,研究肉桂精油添加对复合膜机械性能、光学性能、阻水性能和抑菌性能的影响。结果表明：4?种精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门菌的抗菌活性依次为肉桂精油＞牛至精油＞百里香精油＞迷迭香精油。随着肉桂精油质量浓度增加,复合膜的抗拉强度和水蒸气透过系数降低,断裂伸长率和不透明度升高。当肉桂精油质量浓度在15.0～20.0?g/L时,复合膜色泽指数a*值无明显差异（P＞0.05）,L*值显著降低,b*值和ΔE值显著增加（P＜0.05）。添加肉桂精油显著提高了玉米淀粉基膜的抗菌能力（P＜0.05）,精油与吐温-80相互作用对革兰氏阴性的大肠杆菌具有协同作用,而对革兰氏阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌具有拮抗作用。当肉桂精油质量浓度为20.0?g/L时,膜具有较好的物理性能和抗菌效果。本研究可为肉桂精油-玉米淀粉基可降解抗菌膜生产工艺参数的进一步优化提供参考。     

肉桂精油气相熏蒸金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌机理

该研究主要探讨了肉桂精油的抗菌活性及其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌机制,实验采用气相熏蒸法研究精油的气相抗菌活性,通过TEM、电导率实验、FT-IR、荧光光谱等方法探讨肉桂精油的气相抗菌机制.结果表明肉桂精油具有显著的气相抗菌活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.25μL/mL,最低杀菌浓度(MBC)为0.5μ...     

肉桂挥发油提取工艺研究

本文对肉桂挥发油的提取工艺进行了优化研究,以肉桂粉为原料,采用水蒸气蒸馏的方法,在单因素试验结果与分析的基础上,以挥发油体积为指标,以水料比(A)、浸泡时间(B)、蒸馏时间(C)为因素进行正交试验,研究确定了提取肉桂挥发油的最佳工艺。试验结果表明,各因素影响挥发油提取的程度由大到小依次为水料比、蒸馏时间、浸泡时间;提取的最佳工艺参数为水料比12倍、浸泡时间2h、蒸馏时间3h。通过验证试验表明,所选的最佳提取工艺稳定、合理、可行。     

Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Films Enriched with Essential Oils

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of chitosan films and chitosan films enriched with essential oils (EO) were determined in vitro and on processed meat. Antimicrobial effects of pure EO of anise, basil, coriander, and oregano, and of chitosan-essential oil films against Listeria monocytogenes and Escheri-chia coli O157:H7 were determined by an agar diffusion test. The antibacterial effects of the EO were similar when applied alone or incorporated in the films. The intensity of antimicrobial efficacy was in the following order: oregano > > coriander > basil > anise. The chitosan films and chitosan-oregano EO films were applied on inoculated bologna samples and stored 5 d at 10 °C. Pure chitosan films reduced L. monocytogenes by 2 logs, whereas the films with 1% and 2% oregano EO decreased the numbers of L. monocytogenes by 3.6 to 4 logs and E. coli by 3 logs. Pure chitosan films were 89 μm thick, whereas addition of 1% and 2% oregano EO increased thickness to 220 and 318 μm, respectively. During application on bologna discs, the films absorbed moisture, resulting in the final thickness of 143, 242, and 333 μm, respectively. Addition of oregano essential oil into the chitosan films decreased water vapor permeability, puncture and tensile strength, but increased elasticity of the films. The films have the potential to be used as active biodegradable films with strong antimicrobial effects.     

Properties of Cassava Starch‐Based Edible Coating Containing Essential Oils

Edible coatings were produced using cassava starch (2% and 3% w/v) containing cinnamon bark (0.05% to 0.30% v/v) or fennel (0.05% to 0.30% v/v) essential oils. Edible cassava starch coating at 2% and 3% (w/v) containing or not containing 0.30% (v/v) of each essential oils conferred increased in water vapor resistance and decreased in the respiration rates of coated apple slices when compared with uncoated fruit. Cassava starch coatings (2% w/v) added 0.10% or 0.30% (v/v) fennel or cinnamon bark essential oils showed antioxidant capacity, and the addition of 0.30% (v/v) of each essential oil demonstrated antimicrobial properties. The coating containing cinnamon bark essential oil showed a significant antioxidant capacity, comparing to fennel essential oil. Antimicrobial tests showed that the addition of 0.30% (v/v) cinnamon bark essential oil to the edible coating inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella choleraesuis, and 0.30% fennel essential oil inhibited just S. aureus. Treatment with 2% (w/v) of cassava starch containing 0.30% (v/v) of the cinnamon bark essential oil showed barrier properties, an antioxidant capacity and microbial inhibition.     

三种蒿类植物挥发油成分及抗菌活性的比较分析

为了寻找高效、绿色的食品抗菌保鲜剂,本研究以水蒸气蒸馏法从河南产艾蒿、白蒿、牡蒿植物中提取挥发油,并对其化学成分进行GC-MS测定与分析。结果显示,三种蒿类植物挥发油的化学成分种类和含量差异显著。艾蒿挥发油主要成分为十氢二甲基甲乙烯基萘酚(16.82%)、氧化石竹烯(10.51%)、β-石竹烯(6.45%)、4-萜烯醇(5.22%)、右旋龙脑(4.60%)、桉树脑(4.55%)等;白蒿挥发油主要成分为氧化石竹烯(15.24%)、镰叶芹醇(14.34%)、桉油烯醇(6.61%)、大根香叶三烯-1-醇(6.27%)、棕榈酸(5.72%)、α-毕橙茄醇(5.19%)等;牡蒿挥发油主要成分为环己酮(30.14%)、氧化石竹烯(9.74%)、邻二甲苯(4.72%)、2-香豆酸(4.38%)、(Z,E)-α-金合欢烯(3.88%)、(E)-α-金合欢烯(3.80%)、β-石竹烯(3.31%)等。三种挥发油共有成分主要为石竹烯、氧化石竹烯、十氢二甲基甲乙烯基萘酚、匙叶桉油烯醇、萜烯醇等。采用滤纸片法对挥发油的抗菌活性进行了测定。研究表明三种挥发油对大肠杆菌、四联球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌显示了良好的抑菌作用,白蒿和艾蒿挥发油抑菌活性优于牡蒿,不同挥发油的抗菌特性也不同。因此,蒿类植物挥发油有望成为潜在的天然抑菌剂及食品保鲜剂。     

市售复合调味品五香粉和咖喱粉的精油抑菌作用

通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取市售五香粉和咖喱粉的精油,测定了两种精油对几种常见细菌、霉菌、酵母菌的抑菌活性(抑菌圈直径大小、最低抑菌浓度(MIC值))及气态防腐效果,探讨和比较了两种精油的抑菌作用.结果表明,五香粉和咖喱粉精油有不同程度的抑菌作用,五香粉精油的抑菌能力高于咖喱粉精油.以色谱 质谱联用法(GC/MS)分析鉴定出五香粉和咖喱粉精油中主要成分,并分析比较了它们主要成分的差异与其抑菌活性大小之间的关系.     

十三香调味料精油的抑菌作用研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取十三香调味料的精油,测定十三香调味料精油对常见细菌、霉菌和酵母菌的抑菌圈、最低抑菌浓度及气态防腐作用。结果表明:十三香调味料精油对受试微生物抑菌作用程度依次为:霉菌>细菌>酵母菌。十三香调味料精油具有气态防腐性,具有实际应用于食品防腐保鲜的潜力。     

槐花精油的化学成分及其抑菌活性的研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取槐花精油,用气相-质普联用技术(GC-MS)分析其化学成分;鉴定出43种化合物,占出峰总面积的98.49 %;主要成分为十六酸(38.69%)、亚油酸甲酯(10.13%)、2-甲氧基-4-(2-丙烯基)-苯酚(6.71%)、亚麻酸(6.35%)、2-羟基-3-甲基-4H-吡喃-4-酮(3.49%)、8-十七碳烯(2.44%)、二苯砜(2.44%)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五酮(1.85%)、4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚(1.82%)等.体外抑菌实验显示该精油对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538、伤寒沙门氏菌CMCC50013、志贺氏痢疾杆菌CMCC51334、埃希氏大肠杆菌ATCC 8099均有抑制作用.     

柑橘精油的抑菌性及D-柠檬烯在面包的初步应用研究

研究商品柑橘精油及D-柠檬烯对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母、毛霉、青霉的抑菌性,并对D-柠檬烯在面包上做初步应用研究。试验结果表明:样品以液体作用方式的抑菌大小为D-柠檬烯>柠檬油>柚油>橙油;以气体作用方式时只有D-柠檬烯对酵母、青霉能形成抑菌圈;D-柠檬烯应用于面包时,其气体抑菌效果较好。