ZG15Cr2Mo1钢力学性能差异较大的原因分析

ZG15Cr2Mo1钢在力学性能检测时结果差异较大,通过室温和高温力学性能试验、化学成分分析、金相检验等方法对两组力学性能差异较大的试样进行了分析,并确定了合理的热处理工艺。结果表明:热处理工艺不稳定导致的显微组织差异是该钢力学性能差异较大的主要原因;在920～970℃保温8～12h正火和720～760℃保温8～12h回火,可使该钢组织均匀,获得较好的综合力学性能。     

热处理保温时间对25Mn2钢力学性能和显微组织的影响

对25Mn2钢进行了不同工艺的热处理,研究了淬火保温时间和回火保温时间对其力学性能和显微组织的影响,以探讨优化其热处理工艺的可能性。结果表明：回火保温时问对力学性能的影响是显著的,而淬火保温时间对力学性能的影响并不显著;在淬火温度为900℃,回火温度为615℃的条件下,回火保温20min是必要且足够的;经优化后工艺热处理25Mn2钢的力学性能能较好地满足API5CT标准要求。     

热处理对0Cr17Ni5Mo3钢组织和性能的影响

研究了热处理对0Cr17Ni5Mo3钢显微组织和性能的影响.结果表明,固溶温度在一定范围内对拉伸、冲击性能的影响不明显;470C时抗拉强度达最高值,在450C附近时效出现回火脆性,冲击韧性处于低谷.     

热处理工艺对12Cr1MoV钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过热模拟试验对12Cr1MoV钢进行了不同工艺的正火+回火热处理,研究了热处理工艺对该钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:12Cr1MoV钢正火+回火后的正常显微组织为回火贝氏体+铁素体或回火贝氏体+铁素体+珠光体或铁素体+珠光体;如果回火温度过高或正火冷却速率不足,则分别会导致钢中出现两相区组织黄块马氏体和钒的碳化物沿晶界及晶内聚集长大的情况,显著降低钢的力学性能。     

XCQ16-1车桥用钢调质热处理工艺的研究

为了提高整体式车桥用钢的综合力学性能,对XCQ16-1钢进行了调质热处理工艺研究.通过材料单向拉伸、冲击和硬度等试验,研究了不同回火温度、回火保温时间、淬火温度和淬火保温时间对XCQ16-1钢力学性能的影响规律,制定了试验条件下的调质热处理工艺,并分析了不同工艺参数对材料组织的影响规律.试验结果表明:回火工艺对XCQ16-1钢组织和力学性能的影响比较大,随回火温度的升高和回火保温时间的延长,材料的强度性能下降,塑性和韧性指标上升.经860℃保温30min淬火+470℃保温90min回火调质处理后,该材料可获得良好的综合性能.     

Cr12MoV钢盐浴渗钒后的组织及耐蚀性能

目前,对Cr12Mo V盐浴渗钒层的耐蚀性鲜有研究。采用自配的混合盐对Cr12Mo V钢在不同温度和时间进行盐浴渗钒处理。通过表面显微硬度测试、金相显微和SEM形貌观察、EDS和XRD分析表征了Cr12Mo V渗层性能与组织结构,选定了较佳渗钒的温度(1 000℃)和时间(6 h),对最优工艺渗件在3.5%Na Cl溶液中进行了电化学测试,以检验渗层的耐蚀性。结果表明:Cr12Mo V钢渗钒后形成了致密的渗层,表面硬度从渗钒前的713HV3 N提高到1 800~2 700 HV3 N;渗层厚度分别与渗钒温度和保温时间成正比关系;最优工艺渗钒后的耐蚀性比渗钒前提高了36%。     

8Cr4Mo4Ni4V航空轴承钢高温奥氏体晶粒长大的数学模型

以8Cr4Mo4Ni4V轴承钢为研究对象,通过奥氏体等温保温实验,研究加热温度和保温时间对奥氏体晶粒尺寸的影响,采用平均截点法对不同热处理条件下的晶粒尺寸进行统计分析。结果表明:随着加热温度和保温时间的增加,奥氏体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,当加热温度超过1100℃或保温时间超过120min时,实验钢晶粒开始发生显著粗化。当加热温度超过1150℃时晶粒已完全粗化。通过线性回归的方法,获得了8Cr4Mo4Ni4V轴承钢的奥氏体晶粒尺寸随加热温度和保温时间演化的数学模型,为指导航空轴承钢锻造与热处理过程提供理论依据。     

无钴高强韧钢力学性能研究

本文利用人工神经网络方法研究了化学成分和热处理条件对G50钢力学性能的影响,通过电镜观察分析了合金元素间交互作用形成的组织和第二相的作用,结果C、Cr、Mo提高钢强度,Ni、Mo、Si降低钢强度,C,Mn降低韧性,Cr,Mo,Ni提高韧性.     

1Cr17/9Cr18MoV多层复合钢板的组织与性能

采用包覆浇铸方法,经热锻、热轧后制备出各层钢板厚度较均匀分布的1Cr17/9Cr18MoV多层复合板。不同热处理工艺下的试验结果表明,采取加热温度950℃,保温0.5h后空冷的热处理工艺,可使复合板中9Cr18MoV钢获得较高的硬度,1Cr17钢获得较低的硬度,同时满足各层界面两侧附近的组织基本相同,硬度比较接近的要求。     

回火温度对1Cr13Cu3Mo钢性能的影响

研究了回火温度对含铜和钼的1Cr13不锈钢的耐蚀性、抗菌性和力学性能的影响,运用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了含铜、钼不锈钢的显微组织和断口形貌.研究表明,1Cr13Cu3Mo钢经1050 ℃×20 min淬火,450 ℃×2 h回火后具有优异的综合性能.     

热处理工艺对1Cr15Ni4Mo3N钢组织和性能的影响

通过力学性能测试和显微组织观察,研究了热处理工艺对1Cr15Ni4M03N钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：该钢经780℃×5h空冷和590℃×4h空冷二级退火处理后具有良好的切削性能,适合进行机加工;再经过1070℃×1h油淬、-70℃冷处理和200-470℃回火处理后,可获得较好的综合力学性能。     

Book reviews

Abstract

Samples of a 9Cr–1Mo and a 2·25Cr–1Mo steel (both wt-%) have been heat treated to produce microstructures that are likely to form in the heat affected zone of a weld. Two treatments were employed for this purpose, involving quenching (i) from an artificially high austenitising temperature and (ii) from an abnormally low temperature, within the intercritical region. Some of the samples in each condition were given aging treatments at 550°C, which were designed to simulate exposure to typical in-service temperatures. The microstructures produced by each heat treatment schedule were characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of each treatment on the mechanical properties of the steels were assessed using ambient temperature tensile testing and Charpy tests at various temperatures. The results were compared with those obtained from samples for which standard austenitising temperatures were employed. The higher austenitising temperature was found to have very little effect on the mechanical properties of either steel. The lower temperature treatment affected the properties of both steels – its most significant effect being to increase the ductile–brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the 2·25Cr–1Mo steel and reduce that of the 9Cr–1Mo steel, such that the DBTT of each steel converged to a similar value. It also resulted in increases in the ductility and upper shelf energy (USE) of the 9Cr–1Mo steel, but had little effect on these properties in the 2·25Cr–1Mo steel. The difference in behaviour of each steel, including the different response to aging in each condition, is explained in terms of the microstructural changes caused by the different heat treatments.

MST/1232b     

Development of transition metal joint for steam generator circuit of prototype fast breeder reactor

Abstract

A transition metal joint between type 304 stainless steel and 2·25Cr–1Mo steel, with Alloy 800 as the transition piece, is being developed for application in the steam generator circuit of the 500 MW prototype fast breeder reactor. As part of this programme, the hot cracking susceptibility of Inconel 82/182 and of 16–8–2 welding consumables were compared and the microstructure and mechanical properties of butt welds between type 304 stainless steel and Alloy 800, welded by the two consumables, were studied to select the appropriate welding consumables for this joint. It is recommended that the 16–8–2 consumable should be used for welding this joint because of its lower microfissuring tendency and reduced mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion across the joint, although this would mean a slight adverse effect on the elevated temperature mechanical properties. Further, to select the optimum post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of the joint between Alloy 800 and 2·25Cr–1Mo steel, welded with Inconel 82/182 welding consumables, the effect of PWHT on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. Decreasing the PWHT temperature was found to improve the mechanical properties and the microstructural condition of this joint.

MST/842     

N对双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo3N组织、力学性能和耐点蚀性能的影响研究

通过对00Cr25Ni7Mo3N双相不锈钢加入不同的含N量,研究了N对00Cr25Ni7Mo3N的组织、室温力学性能和耐点蚀性能的影响。结果表明:N能改善钢的相比例;N含量在0.10%～0.20%范围内对钢的力学性能影响不大;N显著提高钢的耐点蚀性能。     

The microstructure and mechanical properties of prolonged and lower temperature aged Fe–Ni–Mn–Mo–Ti–Cr maraging steel

In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe–Ni–Mn–Mo–Ti–Cr maraging steel at low temperature and prolonged aging condition were investigated. Optical and scanning electron microscopy examinations, tensile and hardness tests were conducted to study the microstructure, aging behavior and mechanical properties of the cold‐rolled steel. The results showed that aging of cold rolled Fe–Ni–Mn–Mo–Ti–Cr maraging steel resulted in the formation of Mo rich and Ti rich Lave phase precipitates. Existence of many dislocation cores due to cold rolling and subsequently, low temperature aging caused to formation of uniform distribution of very fine precipitates. The presence of these precipitates increased the yield and ultimate tensile strengths but couldn't improve the uniform tensile ductility. This alloy showed ultra‐high fracture stress of about 1950 MPa with a negligible tensile elongation (about 2 %) at the peak aged condition. The fractographic studies indicated this alloy shows semi‐brittle fracture in the subsequent aging treatment.     

真空分级淬火对8Cr4Mo4V钢组织和性能的影响

在真空条件下对航空轴承用8Cr4Mo4V钢进行不同温度的分级淬火并采用扫描电镜观察其微观组织、用XRD谱进行相分析并测试洛氏硬度、冲击性能和旋转弯曲疲劳性能,研究了真空分级淬火对其微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,真空分级淬火后的8Cr4Mo4V钢其微观组织由下贝氏体、马氏体/残余奥氏体和碳化物组成;随着分级淬火温度的提高,淬火和回火态钢中析出碳化物的数量增加,残余奥氏体的含量降低。分级淬火温度为580℃时淬火态钢中贝氏体的含量最高(达到13.87%),残余奥氏体的含量为28.59%。回火后析出碳化物的含量和洛氏硬度均为所有分级温度中的最大值,分别为4.37%和62.38HRC。真空分级淬火能提高8Cr4Mo4V钢的综合力学性能。与未分级真空淬火相比,进行580℃×10 min真空分级淬火的8Cr4Mo4V钢的冲击韧性提高了23.3%,旋转弯曲疲劳极限提高了110 MPa。     

Development of carbon—Low alloy steel grades for low temperature applications

Low alloy steels are processed to fulfill the requirements of low temperature applications. Besides the chemical composition, the steel should receive a suitable heat treatment to ensure the targeted mechanical properties at low temperature. In other words, the steels are designed to delay the ductile to brittle transition temperature to resist dynamic loading at subzero temperatures. Steel alloys processed for liquefied gas pipeline fittings are examples for applications that need deep subzero impact transition temperature (ITT).The main purpose of the present work was to find a suitable heat treatment sequence for alloys LC2 and LC2-1. Further, it aimed to correlate the impact toughness with the microstructure and the fracture surface at different sub-zero temperatures.The steels under investigation are carbon-low alloy grades alloyed with Ni, Cr and Mo. LC2 steel alloy has been successfully processed and then modified to LC2-1 alloy by addition of Cr and Mo. Oil quenching from 900 °C followed by tempering at 595 °C was used for toughness improvements. Hardness, tensile and impact tests at room temperature have been carried out. Further impact tests at subzero temperatures were conducted to characterize alloys behavior. Metallographic as well as SEM fractographic coupled with XRD qualitative analysis are also carried out.Non-homogenous martensite-ferrite cast structure in LC2 was altered to homogeneous tempered martensite structure using quenching-tempering treatment, which is leading to shift the ITT down to −73 °C. Addition of Cr and Mo creates a very fine martensitic structure in LC2-1 alloy. Quenching-tempering of LC2-1 accelerates ITT to −30 °C. It is expected that the steel was subjected to temper embrittlement as a result of phosphorus segregation on the grain boundary due to Cr and Mo alloying, as it was concluded in reference no. [6].     

热处理对00Cr26Ni6Mo4Cu1Ti铁素体时效不锈钢力学性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对００Ｃｒ２６Ｎｉ６Ｍｏ４Ｃｕ１Ｔｉ铁素体时效不锈钢力学性能的影响，提出了适用于该合金的最佳热处理工艺规范。为大规格锻棒的热处理提供了参考。     

低温液体泵主轴材料的性能试验研究

通过对试验用钢与对比用钢的性能试验,探讨了在规定的热处理状态下马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢OCr17Ni4Cu4Nb的室温和低温力学性能;指出对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb进行固溶和双时效处理是获得最佳低温性能的有效途径;得出了低温液体泵主轴选材应优先选用0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢的结论     

长期时效对20Cr1Mo1VTiB螺栓钢的组织和力学性能的影响

对20Cr1Mo1VTiB螺栓钢进行拉伸和冲击实验、TEM和SEM观测并测量其XRD谱，研究了其在500℃进行0~2000 h时效处理后的组织和力学性能。结果表明：随着时效时间的增加原板条状贝氏体分成若干个包体，其平均尺寸由时效前的14 μm减小到时效2000 h后的9 μm。在0~2000 h时效过程中碳化物尺寸没有明显增大，主要析出相VC和TiC弥散分布在晶内、板条界和板条内。VC相呈椭球状，随时效时间的延长TiC相由长条状变为方形。随着时效时间的延长贝氏体板条的边界逐渐模糊，时效2000 h后板条的宽度明显增加。在长时间时效过程中20Cr1Mo1VTiB螺栓钢的力学性能没有大幅度的变化而保持着较高的值，表明其可在高温下长期使用。