电纺PVA/HBPL荧光纳米纤维膜的制备及其结构性能表征

以水为溶剂,配制质量分数6%的聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液,将超支化聚赖氨酸(HBPL)按PVA∶HBPL质量比分别为9∶1,7∶1,5∶1加入PVA水溶液中共混均匀,制得纺丝溶液,在直流电压22 kV、推进速率为0.3 mL/h、接收距离为14.5 cm、30℃的条件下进行静电纺丝制得PVA/HBPL荧光纳米纤维膜,并对其结构性能进行表征。结果表明:PVA/HBPL荧光纳米纤维膜的纤维表面光滑,粗细均匀,平均直径为247~321 nm,在波长392 nm的激光激发下,PVA/HBPL荧光纳米纤维膜的发射波长为438 nm,荧光强度为40.80~98.20,荧光现象明显;随着HBPL含量的增加,PVA/HBPL荧光纳米纤维膜的纤维直径分布变宽,平均直径增加,熔点与熔融焓降低,荧光强度增强,拉伸强度先增加后减小,断裂伸长率降低。     

水性聚氨酯/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备及结构研究

将水性聚氨酯(WPUR)与聚乙烯醇(PVAL)按照不同质量比制备质量分数为8%的纺丝溶液,通过静电纺丝制备WPUR/PVAL复合纳米纤维。运用扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对WPUR与PVAL质量比不同的纺丝溶液制备的复合纳米纤维的微观形貌和结构进行分析。实验结果表明,PVAL的含量对复合纳米纤维的形成和形貌起着决定性的作用,随着溶液中PVAL含量的增加,纺丝过程中纺丝液逐渐从不连续复合纳米纤维转变为连续均匀的复合纳米纤维,纤维直径逐渐增大,当纺丝液中WPUR与PVAL的质量比为30∶70时,得到的复合纳米纤维形貌最佳,其平均直径为330.8 nm,具有最小标准差,为22 nm,同时随着纺丝溶液中PVAL含量的增加,所得复合纳米纤维的结晶性能增强。     

石墨烯-聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维的开发及其抗菌性

用静电纺丝的方法制备了石墨烯-聚丙烯腈(PAN)复合纳米纤维,用扫描电镜(SEM)以及透射电镜(TEM)表征了复合纳米纤维毡的微观形貌,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了复合纳米纤维的相组成,并采用琼脂平皿扩散试验定性评价这种新材料的抗菌性。研究表明:石墨烯-PAN复合纳米纤维具有典型的纤维形貌,石墨烯对PAN分子取向具有诱导作用并且不利于PAN分子六方准晶结构的形成,石墨烯-PAN纳米纤维具有一定的抗菌性,对抗菌功能性面料的研究与开发具有一定参考价值。     

聚氨酯/石墨烯复合纤维的制备及其发泡性能研究

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、单层纳米石墨烯(GR)通过溶液与熔融共混并用的方法制备TPU/GR共混物,利用不同牵引速度纺丝制得不同直径的TPU/GR复合纤维,对其进行超临界二氧化碳微孔发泡,制得发泡TPU/GR复合纤维,探究了GR在TPU中的分散性,纤维尺寸和GR含量对发泡TPU/GR复合纤维泡孔结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:GR在TPU体系中具有良好的分散形态及较高的二氧化碳气体阻隔性能;当发泡TPU/GR复合纤维直径为200μm时,随着GR含量的增加,纤维的发泡面积逐渐变大,泡孔直径呈现先减少后增加的趋势;对于直径为500μm的发泡TPU/GR复合纤维,随着GR含量的增加,纤维的泡孔直径逐渐变小,泡孔密度逐渐增加,即当加入质量分数为5%的GR,纤维泡孔直径由原来未加GR时的3. 78μm降低至1. 97μm,泡孔密度由原来的未加GR时4. 93×10~9cells/cm~3增加至2. 42×10~(10)cells/cm~3。     

高弹性MXene/TPU纳米纤维纱线的制备及其应变传感性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备了热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)纳米纤维膜,并通过“Biscrolling”的方法制备高弹性过渡金属碳化物/氮化物（Ti3C2Tx MXene）改性TPU纳米纤维纱线。通过SEM、电阻测试、传感性能测试等对复合纳米纤维纱线进行结构和性能表征。结果显示,随着MXene负载量增加,复合纱线的强度先增加后降低,断裂伸长率可高达459%以上,展现出优异的弹性和弹性回复性;MXene片可在纳米纤维纱线表面及内部形成连续导电薄膜,赋予复合纱线较好的导电性（电阻76 Ω/cm）。纱线的应变传感性能测定实验表明,MXene/TPU纳米纤维纱线的传感系数可高达477.86,线性度高达0.995,高于绝大多数文献报道的纱线传感器,并且可以监测人体的各种运动状态,展现出较好的应变传感性能,在智能可穿戴领域展现出广泛的应用前景。     

静电纺丝制备具有扭曲螺旋结构的微/纳米纤维

天然纤维大多具有一种自扭曲螺旋结构,这种结构使得天然纤维具有较强的柔韧性和很高的孔隙度。主要介绍了两种可以用来制备扭曲螺旋结构微/纳米纤维的静电纺丝装置,并分别阐述了用这两种装置制备具有自扭曲螺旋结构微/纳米纤维的聚合物体系,最后指出了其发展现状和前景。     

PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜的制备及吸附性能研究

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和β-环糊精(β-CD)为原料,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,通过静电纺丝制备出不同β-CD含量的PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜。采用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、孔径及比表面积测定仪、紫外分光光度计对纳米纤维膜的形貌、结构、比表面积以及吸附性能进行了表征。结果表明:PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜中,β-CD和PAN之间为简单的物理共混,β-CD保留了空腔结构;随着β-CD含量的增加,PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜的直径增加,比表面积减小,对亚甲基蓝的吸附率增加;当β-CD相对PAN质量分数为40%时,PAN/β-CD复合纳米纤维膜的纤维直径粗细均匀,比表面积较小,为9.652 m2/g,对亚甲基蓝的吸附率较大,为97.48%。     

小麦蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维的制备及其表征

以小麦蛋白、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,采用静电纺丝法制备小麦蛋白/PVA共混复合纳米纤维,重点研究纺丝液质量分数、电压、接收距离对纤维形态的影响,利用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X-射线衍射光谱对纤维的形态与结构进行表征。结果表明:在纺丝液质量分数10%、小麦蛋白与PVA质量比8∶2、电压12 kV、接收距离10 cm的条件下,可以制备平均直径为280 nm左右的均一、表面光滑的纳米纤维。小麦蛋白与PVA复合后,分子间以氢键结合。     

PAN多孔纳米纤维的制备及其吸附性能研究

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)为原料,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为造孔剂,通过静电纺丝制成PAN/PEG复合纳米纤维,再经水洗去除纤维中的PEG成分制备出PAN多孔纳米纤维。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、比表面孔径测定仪、分光光度计分别对PAN多孔纳米纤维的结构、形貌、比表面积及吸附性能进行了表征。结果表明:PAN/PEG复合纳米纤维中两组分呈微观相分离状态,通过水洗可去除PEG组分制得PAN多孔纳米纤维;PAN多孔纳米纤维的直径随PEG含量及相对分子质量的增加而减小,而比表面积、孔体积以及吸附能力随PEG含量及相对分子质量的增加而增大。     

Preparation and properties of TPU micro/nanofibers by a laser melt‐electrospinning system

Laser melt electrospinning is a novel technology to fabricate scaffolds in the tissue engineering applications. The melt electrospinning is much safer than the conventional solution electrospinning due to without solvent effect. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) micro/nanofibers were successfully prepared by using this method. The effects of laser current and applied voltage on the fibers morphologies were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The thermal behaviors and crystallization conditions of the TPU under different states were demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The mechanical property and the specific surface area of the TPU fibers membranes were also studied. All the analysis results showed that the effects of laser current and applied voltage on the average fiber diameter were complicated, the average fiber diameter ranging from 1.70 to 2.53 µm; the TPU is not an easily crystallized material; the electrospun fibers exhibited an amorphous phase; the average elongation at break laser of the electrospun TPU fiber membranes is about 134%; the average tensile strength is about 1.02 MPa and the specific surface area of the electrospun TPU fiber membrane is about 199 m²/g. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1412–1417, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

PVC/TPU/NBR三元共混物的制备及性能研究

对PVC／热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）／SR三元共混物的性能进行研究，重点讨论NBR品种、TPU／NBR并用比、PVC聚合度、增塑剂DOP和硫化剂DCP用量对PVC／TPU／NBR三元共混物性能的影响。结果表明。PVC／TPU／NBR-3604三元共混物的物理性能较优；PVC／TPU／NBR-3604三元共混物的拉断伸长率和拉断永久变形均随着PVC聚合度的增大基本呈上升趋势；随着增塑剂DOP用量的增大，共混物的邵尔A型硬度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度和拉断永久变形均基本呈下降趋势，拉断伸长率增大；随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大。共混物的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率变化不大，撕裂强度基本呈逐渐减小的趋势。不同PVC／TPU／SR三元共混物的扫描电子显微镜照片表明，NBR与PVC和TPU的相容性较好。     

PFSA-PES-纳米颗粒复合纳米纤维的制备及催化性能

利用静电纺丝法制备了全氟磺酸(PFSA)-聚醚砜(PES)-纳米颗粒(SiO₂、TiO₂和Al₂O₃)复合纳米纤维,比较了SiO₂、TiO₂和Al₂O₃等不同纳米颗粒对磺酸基团在纤维表面分布的影响,并利用乙酸乙酯合成反应考察了纤维结构对表面磺酸基团活性的关系。结果表明:静电纺复合纳米纤维的比表面积可达85.6 m²·g^-1,纳米颗粒均匀分布在纤维表面,表面酸性中心占PFSA酸性基团总量最高达71.2%。酯化反应实验表明,复合纳米纤维具有很好的催化性能,纳米颗粒的存在可以提高酸中心的活性;同时,所得复合纳米纤维膜表现出很好的回收与可再生性能,有望作为一种对环境友好的固体酸催化剂。     

Electrocatalytic properties of Pt/carbon composite nanofibers

Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were prepared by electrodepositing Pt nanoparticles directly onto electrospun carbon nanofibers. The morphology and size of Pt nanoparticles were controlled by the electrodeposition time. The resulting Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were characterized by running cyclic voltammograms in 0.20 M H₂SO₄ and 5.0 mM K₄[Fe(CN)₆] + 0.10 M KCl solutions. The electrocatalytic activities of Pt/carbon composite nanofibers were measured by the oxidation of methanol. Results show that Pt/carbon composite nanofibers possess the properties of high active surface area and fast electron transfer rate, which lead to a good performance towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. It is also found that the Pt/carbon nanofiber electrode with a Pt loading of 0.170 mg cm⁻² has the highest activity.     

PBT/TPU/DOPO-MA阻燃复合材料的制备及性能

通过使用9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷朵菲-10-氧化物（DOPO）和马来酸酐反应合成制备DOPO衍生物阻燃剂DOPO-MA,并且其结构使用傅里叶红外光谱分析（FTIR）和核磁共振氢谱分析（¹H NMR）技术进行表征。将阻燃剂与聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）和热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）熔融共混以制备PBT/TPU/DOPO-MA阻燃复合材料。通过运用锥形量热、UL-94、极限氧指数（LOI）、热重分析（TGA）、差热分析（DSC）和力学测试,研究了阻燃剂对复合材料的性能影响。测试结果表明,PBT/TPU/DOPO-MA复合材料具有良好的阻燃性能,加入10％DOPO-MA后,LOI从23.2增加到31.6,可达到UL-94 V-1等级,热释放率峰值（PHRR）和最大成热辐射速率（MAHRE）值降低;热重分析测试结果表明,添加DOPO-MA可以使得阻燃复合材料的热稳定性有显著的提高,当加入10％DOPO-MA后,残炭量可从6.87增加到14.36。此外,随着DOPO-MA含量的增加,阻燃复合材料的结晶度可得到一定的提高。     

Preparation and characterization of electrospun Ag/polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers

Novel composite nanofibers consisting of Ag nanoparticles and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were fabricated successfully. The Raman properties of these Ag/PAN nanofibers were studied at low temperatures, which showed good Raman characteristics. In the process, a PAN solution containing Ag ions was directly electrospun to obtain nanofiber films containing Ag ions, and the Ag ions of resulting composite nanofibers were reduced to Ag nanoparticles in N₂H₅OH aqueous solution. Then, we treated Ag/PAN composite nanofibers at 100 °C, 200 °C, 400 and 600 °C, respectively. The Ag/PAN nanocomposite film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy.     

Preparation and properties of PET/SiO2 composite micro/nanofibers by a laser melt-electrospinning system

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/SiO₂ composite micro/nanofibers were successfully prepared by a laser melt-electrospinning system. The fibers with diameter ranging from 500 nm to 7 μm were obtained. The effect of laser current and applied voltage on the fibers morphologies was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results showed that the relationship of process parameters and fibers diameter was complicated. The EDS analysis confirmed the presence of SiO₂ in the PET fibers matrix. The crystallization behavior of the electrospun PET/SiO₂ micro/nanofibers was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and it was found that the as-electrospun fibers exhibited an amorphous phase. After heat-treatment at 120 and 160°C for 1 h, respectively, the fibers showed a high crystallinity. The thermal properties of fibers were studied using thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), and showed the electrospun PET/SiO₂ composite fibers was not effective difference of thermostability compared with PET fibers when used for fibers materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

共混改性的PEO/TPU/PVDF-HFP基聚合物电解质的制备及性能

通过相转化法制备基于聚氧化乙烯(PEO)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)/聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)3种高聚物共混形成的电解质隔膜,将其浸泡在浓度为1 mol/L六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)的碳酸乙烯酯(EC)-碳酸二甲酯(DMC)-碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)(三者体积比为1:1:1)电解液中形成一种凝胶态聚合物电解质(GPE).采用SEM、EDS、FTIR、XRD、TG、DSC、万能拉力机和交流阻抗法对隔膜进行了表征.结果表明,m(PEO):m(TPU):m(PVDF-HFP)=3:1:4的隔膜具有均匀的多孔形貌,结晶峰面积最低,拉伸强度达到15 MPa左右,离子电导率为7.9×10–3 S/cm,综合性能最佳.将该隔膜装配成CR2032纽扣电池进行电池循环性能测试,结果表明,在0.2 C倍率下电池的充放电比容量分别达到了164和161 mA·h/g,在150次循环后,放电比容量仍能保持在152 mA·h/g左右,库伦效率保持97％以上,表明该GPE是一种优异的电池材料.     

Preparation and properties of wood plastic composite reinforced by ultralong cellulose nanofibers

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) were reinforced by ultralong cellulose nanofibers (CNF), which were extracted from poplar flour. To solve the aggregate problem of CNF in nonpolar high density polyethylene (HDPE), a new method, which was corresponding to preblending the mixture of wood flour and HDPE powder in the CNF suspension with continuously stirring at 80°C for 2 h was used before the extrusion process. The capillary rheological tests showed CNF could increase the apparent viscosity of WPCs obviously. From the SEM images, abundant CNF were distributed on the fracture surface of WPCs uniformly and compactly like “spider web.” Compared with WPC without CNF, the bending strength, bending modulus, and impact strength of WPCs with 20 wt% CNF increased by 93.01, 153.64, and 116.55%, respectively. The thermal expansion coefficient of WPCs with 20 wt% CNF decreased by 61.30%. The storage modulus of WPCs was greatly improved with the addition of CNF. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1206–1215, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

新型共混的PEO/TPU/PVDF-HFP基聚合物电解质的制备及性能

通过相转化法制备基于聚氧化乙烯（PEO）/热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）/聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯（PVDF-HFP）三种高聚物共混形成的电解质隔膜, 浸泡在1 mol/L六氟磷酸锂（LiPF6）的碳酸乙烯酯（EC）: 碳酸二甲酯（DMC）: 碳酸甲乙酯（EMC）=1:1:1的电解液中形成一种新型的凝胶态聚合物电解质（GPE）。采用SEM、FTIR、XRD、TG、DSC、拉伸性能和电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明，聚合物配比为3:1:4的隔膜具备均匀的多孔形貌，结晶峰面积最低，拉伸强度达到了15 MPa，离子电导率为7.9?10^(-3) S?cm，综合性能最佳。将聚合物配比为3:1:4的隔膜装配成CR2032纽扣电池进行电池循环性能测试，结果表明，在0.2 C下电池的充放电比容量分别达到了164 mAh/g和161 mWh/g，在150次循环后，放电比容量仍能保持在152 mAh/g 左右，库仑效率保持97%以上，是一种优异的电池材料。