如东沿海地区风速数据分析及风力发电量计算

通过运用威布尔函数，对如东沿海地区的风速数据进行分析，计算了该地区70m高度处的风速分布特性和风能平均功率密度。根据风速数据的采集高度，确定了所选的风力机。并以该种风力机为例．研究分析了该地区的风力发电量和容量系数。计算结果表明，如东沿海地区70m高度处的风力发电储量十分丰富。     

风力发电机发展现状及研究进展

风力发电机是实现风能转换为电能的核心部件之一.自上世纪70年代末以来,涌现了多种风力发电机拓扑结构及发电系统.针对现有国内外主要类型风力发电机的技术特点进行评述,分析比较不同类型风力发电机的经济技术性能,讨论风力发电机的最新发展趋势与研究进展,为我国风力发电研发工作提供参考.     

含不同风电机组的风电场暂态运行特性仿真研究

随着大容量风电场集中接入电网,有必要研究含不同风电机组参数和类型的风电场暂态特性及对电网的影响。在分析笼型异步和双馈异步风电机组暂态模型的基础上,分别建立了含不同风电机组的风电场容量加权等值模型。从风电机组不同容量比、风电场不同短路容量比以及电网联络线不同阻抗比角度,对含不同风电机组的风电场暂态运行特性进行仿真。仿真结果表明：在电网接受风能容量一定的条件下,双馈异步风电机组装机容量比例提高以及风电场短路容量比和联络线阻抗比的降低,都可以提高和改善风电场出口处电压和机组的暂态稳定性。     

双馈电机风电场等裕度无功分配策略

双馈式异步发电机可实现P-Q解耦控制,能够为电网提供无功支持,但其输出功率受变流器容量限制。为充分发挥双馈机无功调节能力,提出等裕度无功分配策略:根据各台风机无功极限的大小,以各机组具有相同的无功裕度作为无功分配的标准。该策略能够使风电厂在满足电网功率因数要求的同时,有效防止有功出力较大的双馈机由于变流器电流越限而发生跳机的现象,提高风电场运行可靠性。采用PSCAD/EMTDC软件进行仿真研究,通过与等功率因数无功分配策略进行比较,验证了等裕度无功分配策略的有效性。     

双馈感应风力发电机故障穿越特性及其控制

风电场低电压穿越能力对接入系统的暂态稳定性有着重要影响。分析双馈感应风力发电机的励磁控制原理,在此基础上研究风电机组基于电流解耦的矢量控制策略以及故障期间转子侧变流器Crowbar(撬棒)滞环保护方案和网侧变流器的电压支撑技术。运用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真工具研究常规同步发电机和双馈风力发电机2种类型机组在短时间和长时间短路故障时的暂态响应特性,并探讨变流器参数对风电机组性能的影响。结果表明:变流器紧急应对措施可以使风机迅速恢复控制能力,从而通过灵活地调节其转子磁链矢量的幅值和相角使电压快速重建;此外,选择合适的直流侧电容容量将增强不对称故障情况下网侧变流器抵抗负序电流的能力。     

A maximum power point tracking control method suitable for compact wind power generators with the passive self‐pitch‐controlled blade structure

This paper describes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method for propeller‐type compact wind power generators with passive self‐pitch‐controlled blades, which quickly makes the output current and voltage converge on the maximum power point based on wind speeds detected from an anemometer. The voltage and current output from these wind power generators vary with wind speeds at locations such as the roofs of buildings. Transient characteristics of the voltage output from compact wind power generators have two modes because of the self‐pitch‐controlled blades: mode I in which the output voltage hardly increases and mode II in which it rapidly increases. Thus, in order to acquire the generated power effectively, irrespective of how the wind speeds may change, a method to perform the MPPT control while searching for mode II is needed. Thus, by judging the mode from the change of the sign of the time differential of the voltage deviation between sampling times, the MPPT control method proposed here makes the output current converge on the maximum point using relationships between the maximum power and optimal current which give the maximum power and the wind speed. Effectiveness of the proposed MPPT control method is verified through simulations and experiments using a wind tunnel. IEEJ Trans 2010 DOI: 10.1002/tee.20609     

电力系统潮流计算中风电场模型研究

通过对潮流计算中风电场的几种模型进行对比分析,给出了基于变速恒频双馈异步发电机的风电场在潮流计算中的一种改进模型,该模型根据双馈异步发电机的静态特性对雅可比矩阵进行修正,准确地反映了此种类型风电场的特性,且计算简单易于实现。通过算例计算,验证了其有效性。     

分布式电源短路计算模型及电网故障计算方法研究

分布式电源的发电模式及并网方式多样,其馈入电网的故障电流特性与传统交流同步发电机相比存在较大差异,使以传统交流同步电机供电电源为基础的短路电流分析理论和方法难以满足分布式电源接入后电网故障分析的要求,给继电保护原理研究和整定计算提出了新的课题并备受关注。根据不同类型分布式电源的低压穿越运行技术要求,建立逆变型电源的短路计算模型。并考虑异步型电源撬棒保护的动作行为特征,建立了异步型电源在电网严重和非严重故障条件下的等值计算模型。进而,提出了含分布式电源接入的电网故障计算方法。仿真对比分析表明,电网故障计算方法精度较高,能更好地满足工程应用要求。     

Maximum output power control system of variable‐speed small wind generators

This paper proposes a maximum output power control system for variable‐speed small wind generators. The proposed control system adjusts the rotational speed of a single‐phase AC generator to the optimum rotational speed, which yields the maximum output power according to the natural wind speed. Since this adjustment is performed on‐line in order to adapt to variations in wind speed, the rotational speed of the single‐phase AC generator is adjusted by controlling the generated current flowing in an FET (field‐effect transistor) device, serving as the generated power brake, which is linked directly to the single‐phase AC generator. In order to reduce heat loss from the FET device, a PWM (pulse width modulation) controller is introduced. An experimental model of the proposed control system was built and tested, and the validity and practicality of the proposed control system were confirmed by the experimental results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(1): 9–17, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20692     

金风S50／750型风力发电机组的失速特性分析

根据定浆距风力发电机的设计特点和能量传榆特性及机组在不同空气密度及风速下的运行状况。分析机组的失速特性及有效失速保护,并通过改变桨距角来调整叶轮的能量捕获,改善风力发电机组失速性能,使机组运行在可靠的安全范围之内。     

Terminal voltage and power factor control of induction generators for wind power generation system

This paper deals with two types of control method for induction generators used in wind power generating stations. One is aimed at maintaining the voltage of the station node and the other is aimed at maintaining a constant power factor through the branch connecting to the station. Both can be in the controllable area by adjusting the generator reactive power with compensating capacitors. First, theoretical equations for the terminal voltage and power factor of an induction generator are derived, and then the compensating capacitance corresponding to the wind velocity variation is determined quantitatively. By using the proposed control method, it is shown to be possible to maintain the terminal voltage and operating power factor of a wind power generation system at the target values, even when abrupt deviations are caused by wind power disturbances. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(3): 19– 26, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20298     

含风电场电力系统的潮流计算

潮流计算是分析风电对电网影响的基础,在异步发电机稳态等效电路的基础上,通过动态改变风电场的无功功率、考虑风速、有功功率,机端电压和滑差率,提出了计算含风电场的电力系统潮流的一种简单可行的方法,并通过一含风电的配电网系统验证了该算法的可行性。     

A method of damping transient rush voltage fluctuation of power systems due to a wind driven generator via nonlinear state feedback control

Squirrel-cage induction generators are widely used as generators for windmill power systems, because they are inexpensive, have high durability, and are capable of operating asynchronously with power systems. However, induction generators suffer the drawback that they cause transient rush currents that are several times larger than the rated value when connected to power systems. Also since wind energy is influenced by geographic and weather conditions, start/stop operations occur frequently for windmill power systems. Therefore, connecting induction generators to power systems causes undesirable voltage fluctuations in power systems, which is the major obstacle against the practical use of windmill generator systems. This motivates the study of transient rush current/voltage attenuation in windmill generator systems. In this paper, a nonlinear state-feedback controller for windmill power systems is proposed. The proposed controller globally asymptotically stabilizes the plant and effectively attenuates the transient current/voltage of these systems. Computer simulations using parameters for an actual windmill generator system also gave good results. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 124(1):17–23, 1998     

风力发电场对电网的影响

介绍了风力发电在中国和世界上的发展和现状、并网风力发电机的原理及运行特点,并就宁夏贺兰山风力发电场对宁夏电网的影响进行了分析。     

考虑弃风的DFIG风电场动态等值模型

我国弃风现象严重,在此大环境下,为了得到更为准确的风电场模型,提出了一种考虑弃风的双馈感应异步发电机(DFIG)风电场的建模方法。该方法考虑了由于尾流效应导致风电场内各台风力机输入风速不同,兼顾调度部门向风电场下达的弃风指令,提出了以风能利用率Cp为分群指标,建立了DFIG风电场的多机等效动态模型,大幅度提高了仿真速度。该方法更贴近风电场实际运行情况,分群指标易于得到。通过PSCAD算例仿真及结果对比,表明该风电场等值模型的输出在稳态和故障情况下都能更好地拟合详细模型。     

定子双绕组风力感应发电机优化设计方法

结合定子双绕组感应发电机(DWIG)在风力发电场合的运行特点,建立了风力DWIG的优化设计模型,提出了相应的优化目标、优化变量及约束条件。针对粒子群优化算法早熟收敛的问题,提出了一种具有向成功和失败双重学习能力的遗传-粒子群综合算法(GPSMA)。在此基础上,分别以转速范围内的控制绕组电流及额定效率为优化目标,利用GPSMA对一台18.5 k W的DWIG进行了优化设计,并对2套优化方案进行了分析。结果表明,优化之后的样机的控制绕组电流最大值下降了62.7%或额定效率提高了0.94%,说明GPSMA有助于DWIG优化设计。     

三相电容式异步发电机的研究

分析了风力发电系统中异步发电机的应用情况,提出了一种新型的三相电容式异步发电机。该发电机克服了原有异步发电机功率因数过低的缺点,同时还可针对电机的不同运行点配置相应的电容,由此改善电机性能。这是普通异步发电机端部并联电容无功补偿所不能达到的。对两台样机进行试验对比,结果表明三相电容式异步发电机在风电系统中具有很高的应用推广价值。     

三相电容式异步发电机的研究

分析了风力发电系统中异步发电机的应用情况,提出了一种新型的三相电容式异步发电机。该发电机克服了原有异步发电机功率因数过低的缺点,同时还可针对电机的不同运行点配置相应的电容,由此改善电机性能。这是普通异步发电机端部并联电容无功补偿所不能达到的。对两台样机进行试验对比,结果表明三相电容式异步发电机在风电系统中具有很高的应用推广价值。     

基于风电功率min级分量波动特性的风电场储能容量优化计算

储能为抑制风电功率随机波动性对电力系统的不利影响提供了可能。为减小风电功率随机波动分量对电力系统的影响,提出用储能设备平滑风电功率随机波动频繁的min级分量,并通过分析风电功率min级分量的波动特性,建立对应的储能容量优化配置模型。该模型在充分把握风电功率min级分量波动特性的基础上,以概率统计的区间估计理论确定储能系统的容量配置和最大充放电功率。该优化模型可以较小容量的储能设备改善风电功率的平滑输出,有利于减小风电功率随机波动性对电力系统的不利影响。仿真算例表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于风电功率min级分量波动特性的 风电场储能容量优化计算

储能为抑制风电功率随机波动性对电力系统的不利影响提供了可能。为减小风电功率随机波动分量对电力系统的影响,提出用储能设备平滑风电功率随机波动频繁的min级分量,并通过分析风电功率min级分量的波动特性,建立对应的储能容量优化配置模型。该模型在充分把握风电功率min级分量波动特性的基础上,以概率统计的区间估计理论确定储能系统的容量配置和最大充放电功率。该优化模型可以较小容量的储能设备改善风电功率的平滑输出,有利于减小风电功率随机波动性对电力系统的不利影响。仿真算例表明了该算法的有效性。