Position and speed sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor with parameter identification

The model parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are required for high‐performance control and a model‐based sensorless control. This paper proposes a sensorless control system of PMSM that does not need parametric information beforehand. The parameters of a PMSM drive system, including the inverter, are identified at standstill and under operating conditions. At first, the initial rotor position is estimated by a signal injection sensorless scheme in which the machine parameters are not required. After the initial position has been estimated, the resistance, including the on resistance of the IGBT, the voltage error caused by dead time in the inverter, and d‐axis and q‐axis inductances, are identified at standstill. After the motor starts by the signal injection sensorless control, the sensorless scheme changes to an extended EMF estimation scheme. The estimated parameters for the resistance, and daxis and q‐axis inductances are used in such sensorless control. The magnet flux‐linkage, which cannot be estimated at standstill, is identified under the sensorless operation at medium and high speeds. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by several experimental results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 160(2): 68–76, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20548     

具有参数辨识的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

转子磁极位置估计的准确性决定永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制系统的性能,为了实现转子位置和转速的精确控制,需要对电机参数进行在线辨识。根据实际冰箱制冷系统需求,采用模型参考自适应系统构建无位置传感器矢量控制方案,在仿真研究电机参数变化对位置估算影响的基础上,提出了一种具有参数辨识的内埋式永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制方案。利用电机的电流模型,运用扩展卡尔曼滤波器对转子磁链和交轴电感同时进行在线辨识,并将辨识出的参数用于更新无位置传感器矢量控制算法中的电机模型。仿真和实验结果表明,参数辨识算法可以有效地辨识出实际的转子磁链和交轴电感,具有参数辨识的无位置传感器矢量控制方案可行有效,在压缩机厂商提供的电机参数存在一定误差的情况下可以保证冰箱制冷系统的性能。     

Position sensorless control for ultrasonic motors based on input voltage information

This paper presents a method of position sensorless control of ultrasonic motors (USM). The position sensorless control method is useful for reducing the cost and size of drive system. The position estimation method is based on the input voltage information of the ultrasonic motor. The characteristic of input voltage versus rotor position is expressed by a quadratic function which is used to estimate a rotor position based on input voltage information. This estimation method, which uses only the drive voltage of the ultrasonic motor, is a very simple algorithm and shows good estimation ability. The parameters of the quadratic function are adjusted by using the recursive least squares method and are obtained on‐line. Since it can correspond to parameter change, the estimated rotor position shows good agreement with the measured rotor position against load torque and motor temperature changes. Sensorless position control is achieved by using the estimated rotor position instead of the measured rotor position. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(1): 57–64, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20626     

基于参数辨识的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

针对电机运行过程中参数变化会影响永磁同步电机(PMSM)无位置传感器控制性能的问题,将递推的最小二乘法(RLS)用于PMSM参数的在线辨识,在最大转矩电流比控制策略下,使用基于BP神经网络改进的模型参考自适应系统构建无位置传感器控制方案,提出了基于在线参数辨识的PMSM无位置传感器控制方案。运用递推的RLS对PMSM的交轴电感和转子磁链进行在线辨识,并将参数辨识结果应用于电机无位置传感器算法中。仿真和试验证明了基于递推的RLS参数辨识算法可以对PMSM的转子磁链和交轴电感值进行准确辨识,基于参数辨识的PMSM无位置传感器控制方案性能更好。     

基于反电动势法的双绕组永磁容错电机转子位置估计算法研究

针对双绕组永磁容错电机,在反电动势法基础上,提出一种改进的适用于容错电机的转子位置估计算法。利用每相绕组产生的磁链增量及单位反电动势来估算双绕组永磁容错电机转子的位置,通过锁相环技术进行误差补偿,对该方法中使用到的电机参数进行在线辨识,把辨识结果更新到转子位置估计算法中。通过该方法可以在双绕组永磁容错电机正常工作、单相故障或者多相故障容错的情况下,实现对转子位置以及转速的估计。通过MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,验证转子位置估算方法的准确性和鲁棒性。     

内埋式永磁同步电机永磁磁链的在线辨识

在无速度传感器工作条件下,为了实现永磁同步电机转子位置和转速的精确控制,需要对电机参数进行在线辨识。本文研究了无速度传感器控制条件下,内埋式永磁同步电机永磁磁链的辨识。该调速系统采用转子磁链定向的矢量控制作为基本的控制策略,利用模型参考自适应系统对转子位置和转速进行估算,提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波器的永磁同步电机永磁磁链辨识方法。本文基于上述研究,实现了无速度传感器控制条件下,内埋式永磁同步电机永磁磁链的在线辨识,采用上述方法能够很好地避免由于电机的低阶状态方程而引起的辨识问题。仿真和实验结果证明了该辨识方法的可行性与有效性,而且在模型参考自适应中采用辨识得到的磁链参数,能够大幅度降低转子位置的估算误差。     

系统辨识法永磁同步电机无传感器控制

为了实现面贴式永磁同步电机(sPMSM)无传感器控制,通过灰色方法对预估旋转坐标系电流的预测辨识出转子位置和速度,提出一种基于系统辨识理论的无传感器控制策略,解决了控制过程中转子速度、位置的估计问题。使用该策略建立了PMSM无传感器矢量控制系统。仿真和实验结果表明了无传感器控制策略的有效性。     

A Sensorless Starting Method for Self‐Controlled Synchronous Motors

Self‐controlled synchronous motors have been used as variable speed motors in industry and are now also used for propelling ships. In this type of motor, information on the rotor position is needed in order to achieve stable operation. A simple sensorless starting method for this motor is studied in this paper. An initial rotor position detection method without a position sensor is first discussed. It is shown that the position can be detected easily by observing the electromotive forces induced in the armature windings due to the change in the field current. Then, a new starting method for the motor is proposed on the basis of DC link current chopping during the starting period. It is shown that, based on the proposed method, starting of the motor can be realized independently of the load conditions, which indicates the usefulness of the proposed method. Finally, the effects of various system parameters on the response of the DC input current and the motor speed during starting up are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(3): 48–55, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21082     

Mechanical sensorless control of PMSM with online estimation of stator resistance

This paper provides an improvement in sensorless control performance of nonsalient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous machines. To ensure sensorless operation, most of the existing methods require that the initial position error as well as the parameters uncertainties must be limited. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we study them analytically and present a solution using an online identification method which is easy to implement and is highly stable. A stability analysis based on Lyapunov's linearization method shows the stability of the closed-loop system with the proposed estimator combined with the sensorless algorithm. This approach does not need a well-known initial rotor position and makes the sensorless control more robust with respect to the stator resistance variations at low speed. The simulation and experimental results illustrate the validity of the analytical approach and the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Position sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using extended electromotive force

Driving a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) requires the rotor position information to control the motor torque, and this is generally detected by mechanical position sensors such as an encoder or a resolver. However, these sensors increase the machine size and the cost of the drive, and reduce reliability of the system. Therefore, many papers about position sensorless drive method of PMSM have been published. This paper presents a position sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A mathematical model of IPMSM using the extended electromotive force (EMF) in the rotating reference frame is utilized to estimate the rotor speed and position. This model has a simple structure integrating position information into the extended EMF term. Therefore, the sensorless control based on the mathematical motor model can be implemented simply. The estimation method proposed is based on the principle that the error of the current is proportional to that of extended EMF. This method was carried out using a 6‐pole, 400‐W, 1750 r/min test motor system. It was found that sensorless speed control was achieved from 80 r/min to 1800 r/min under 0 to 100%loads. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(3): 41–48, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20406     

基于改进型MRAS的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制方法研究

为提高电传动装甲车辆的运行稳定性,提出将模型参考自适应（MRAS）用于永磁同步轮毂电机无位置传感器控制,同时考虑到传统MRAS法的辨识精度易受电机参数变化的影响,提出一种能够对定子电阻进行实时辨识的改进方法。基于改进型MRAS法,构建了轮毂电机无位置传感器控制系统,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真对比了加入电阻辨识环节前后转速及转子位置的辨识效果,仿真结果验证了改进设计的优越性能,有效提高了电阻动态变化过程中转速及转子位置的辨识精度,避免了因参数变化引起的误差过大问题。     

New sensorless vector control methods based on a new minimum‐order flux state observer in the “D‐module” for permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper proposes new sensorless vector control methods that can be applied to both salient‐pole and non‐salient‐pole permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). The proposed method estimates the phase of rotor flux by the “D‐module observer,” which is newly developed for sensorless vector controls of PMSM. The “D‐module observer” has the following attractive features. (1) It is a new state observer requiring no additional approximation to the motor mathematical model. (2) It is a minimum‐order state observer. (3) Observer gain guaranteeing proper estimation in a wide operating range except for singular zero‐speed can be a simple constant, and can be easily designed. (4) It utilizes motor parameters in the simplest manner. (5) Its structure is very simple and is realized at the minimum computing cost. (6) It can be applied to both salient‐pole and non‐salient‐pole PMSM. (7) It can be realized in both rotor and stator reference frames. Detailed designs and analyses for the “D‐module observer” and “D‐module observer”‐based sensorless vector control systems in both rotor and stator reference frames are given. Their validity and usefulness are examined and confirmed through extensive experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(2): 46–62, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20046     

Potentiality of a new minimum‐order back‐EMF state observer taking acceleration into account for sensorless vector control of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors

This paper proposes new sensorless vector control methods for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), which are based on a new minimum‐order back‐EMF state observer taking acceleration into account, and examines potentiality of the improved back‐EMF observer through experiments. Conventional sensorless vector control methods for PMSMs using an estimate of back‐EMF are established under the assumption of constant speed or zero acceleration, and consequently cannot operate properly at modes requiring rapid speed change especially in low speed region. On the other hand, the proposed back‐EMF observer has the following features: (1) it is a new back‐EMF state observer taking acceleration into account and requiring no additional approximation to motor mathematical model; (2) it is a minimum‐order state observer; (3) it utilizes motor parameters in the simplest manner; (4) it can be applied to both salient‐pole and non‐salient‐pole PMSMs; (5) it can be realized in both rotor and stator reference frames. Detailed designs and analyses for the improved state observer and the sensorless vector control systems in both rotor and stator reference frames are given. In relation to the sensorless vector control systems, this paper newly proposes a double‐integral‐type PLL method and an integral‐feedback‐type acceleration/speed estimation method. Their potentialities are examined through experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(4): 78–92, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20630     

Initial rotor position estimation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using optimal voltage vector

The initial rotor position estimation is a serious problem affecting sensorless drives of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This paper presents an estimation method of initial rotor position for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. The principle of the estimation is based on the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of the stator core caused by the magnet of the rotor. The estimation is performed using the variation of the current response caused by the magnetic saturation when the voltage vector is applied to the motor. This method can be performed without motor parameters and any additional hardware. Decision method of the optimal voltage vector applied to the motor is also proposed to accurately implement the estimation. Experimental results show that the initial rotor position can be estimated without rotating the rotor by using the optimal voltage vector. It is found that the average of the estimation error is ±1.34 electrical degrees, and the estimation is completed within 15.2 ms in the test motor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(4): 69–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20062     

Sensorless controls of salient‐pole permanent magnet synchronous motors using extended electromotive force models

In this paper, we propose a new mathematical model for synchronous motors and a sensorless control method based on it. To control permanent magnet synchronous motors, knowledge of rotor position and velocity are necessary. Heretofore, expensive sensors have been used to detect rotor position information. Although many sensorless control methods based on the electromotive force (EMF) have been developed for non‐salient‐pole permanent magnet motors, they cannot be applied for salient‐pole motors without approximation because of complications in the mathematical model; this is turn may lead to problems of instability. To solve this problem, we propose an extended electromotive force model for synchronous motors. The proposed model has a simple structure, making position estimation possible without approximation. Experimental results show that the proposed model and method are valid. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 146(3): 55–64, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10257     

Mechanical Sensorless Drives of IPMSM With Online Parameter Identification

A mechanical sensorless drive system for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor, for which parameters including the inverter are identified, is proposed in this paper. The rotor position is estimated by a signal-injection sensorless scheme at standstill. The resistance, including the on-resistance of the insulated-gate bipolar transistor, the voltage error caused by the dead time of the inverter, and the$d$-axis and$q$-axis inductances are identified at standstill using the estimated position. After the motor starts by the signal-injection sensorless control, the sensorless scheme changes to a scheme based on the extended electromotive force estimation, which uses the identified parameters. The magnet flux linkage is also identified under the sensorless operation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by several experimental results.     

新型分步式永磁同步电机参数辨识

永磁同步电机（PMSM）参数受所处环境等非线性因素的影响而变化,因此需要根据电机参数的不同调节控制系统,以达到更优的控制性能。针对不同电机的参数不同且无法实现快速手动测量的问题,提出一种无位置传感器PMSM的新型分步式参数辨识系统。系统分阶段采用伏安法计算电阻并采用高频电压注入法计算电机的电感和磁链,实现了无位置传感器的控制条件下,内置式PMSM的参数自动辨识。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink搭建仿真模型,验证了新型分步式参数辨识系统的可靠性并通过试验验证了系统的准确性。     

Position Sensorless Control for IPMSM Based on Extended EMF and Voltage Injection Synchronized with Pulse‐Width Modulation Carrier

This paper presents a new position sensorless control system for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed method is based on the extended electromotive force (EMF) and voltage injection synchronized with a pulse‐width modulation carrier. The proposed method does not need to switch the estimation method by speed in order to estimate the magnetic pole position by extended EMF, even at low speeds. Further, the amplitude of the superimposing voltage is changed according to the extended EMF; the applied voltage is not saturated in the high‐load and high‐speed regions. The effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control system was verified experimentally.     

基于高通谐振滤波器的高频脉振电流注入法研究

当高频脉振电流注入法利用电机的凸极效应实现无位置传感器控制时,为了避免注入信号幅值选取的不当,导致提取转子位置信息的高频响应信号解调失败和转矩脉动,提出一种将高通谐振滤波器引入转子位置提取通道的方法。利用高通谐振滤波器在低频段的高度衰减性,在谐振点对解调信号放大增幅的特性,提高了含有转子初始位置信息的信噪比。对转子位置信号的滤波优化,使得电机无位置算法在解调响应信号的难度降低,转子位置和转速的估算可以实现零误差。最后通过仿真对比研究验证了方法的正确性和有效性。     

不同PWM控制策略无刷直流电机转子位置统一检测方法

无位置传感器无刷直流电机不同的PWM调制策略,需要采用不同的方法检测转子位置,这给实际生产带来了很大不便.针对这一问题,本文提出一种通过检测无刷直流电机线电压差的过零点来检测转子位置信号的统一方法.理论分析和实验结果证明,该方法不受PWM调制技术的影响,在很宽的速度范围内都能准确地检测到转子位置信号.