碳纤维复合材料缠绕修复的压力管道断裂分析

采用耦合的有限元-无网格Galerkin数值算法,计算了碳纤维增强型复合材料缠绕修复的压力管道横向贯穿裂纹以及横向椭圆型表面裂纹前沿应力强度因子,据此分析了碳纤维增强型复合材料套袖长度对压力管道裂纹应力强度因子的影响.结果表明,本文所提算法能有效计算三维问题应力强度因子;含裂纹压力管道采用碳纤维增强型复合材料缠绕修复后...     

核容器接管内壁角裂纹应力强度因子计算试验

接管是核压力容器的一种重要结构形式,在内压作用下接管内壁角裂纹应力强度因子K_1是规范要求的对该部位作断裂评定的重要依据。用改进的1/4边中节点三维20节点等参奇异元和位移法计算了球接管内壁角裂纹的应力强度因子K_1及其变化分布规律,分析了K_1与裂纹及结构的几何参数关系。所得结果和三维光弹性冻结切片法试验分析结果十分吻合。进一步计算分析了柱接管内壁角裂纹应力强度因子K_1及其与裂纹和结构几何参     

核容器接管区内壁角裂纹断裂分析

核电站反应堆压力容器接管区内壁角裂纹应力强度因子的求解是复杂的三维问题,不可能用解析法来求得精确解。本文用一种改进的三维等参奇异元进行三维有限元分析,求得角裂纹应力强度因子,计算结果与对应的三维光弹性模型试验结果及工程计算方法作了比较。     

核容器接管内壁角裂纹应力强度因子计算试验(英文)

接管是核压力容器的一种重要结构形式,在内压作用下接管内壁角裂纹应力强度因子K_1是规范要求的对该部位作断裂评定的重要依据。用改进的1/4边中节点三维20节点等参奇异元和位移法计算了球接管内壁角裂纹的应力强度因子K_1及其变化分布规律,分析了K_1与裂纹及结构的几何参数关系。所得结果和三维光弹性冻结切片法试验分析结果十分吻合。进一步计算分析了柱接管内壁角裂纹应力强度因子K_1及其与裂纹和结构几何参数关系。在计算分析的基础上所得出的计算核压力容器接管内壁角裂纹在内压作用下的应力强度因子K_1的近似公式简单而又偏保守,且为三维光弹试验所证实,可供工程参考使用。     

反应堆压力容器接管嘴内隅角应力强度因子计算研究

本文针对反应堆压力容器接管嘴内隅角,采用含真实裂纹的三维有限元法对温度与压力作用下应力强度因子的计算进行了研究。以某工程压力容器接管嘴内隅角为例,用含真实裂纹的三维有限元法和目前使用的简化工程算法对压力与热载荷作用下的接管嘴内隅角应力强度因子进行了计算,并对两种方法的计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明:当简化工程算法得到的应力强度因子接近规范限值时,应对热载荷引起的应力强度因子进行详细有限元计算,以规避简化工程算法的不保守性给压力容器带来的快速断裂风险。     

核电蒸汽发生器接管嘴外表面裂纹应力强度因子计算

核电蒸汽发生器（SG）接管嘴处由于其结构的特殊性,易在制造及服役过程中产生缺陷。为评价该处缺陷的安全性,需要工程可用的应力强度因子解。本文以核电SG接管嘴外表面裂纹为研究对象,采用有限元方法（FEM）及RSE-M规范计算获得了不同方向及尺寸裂纹在内压、弯矩和温度载荷下的等效应力强度因子值,并分析了不同载荷作用下等效应力强度因子在裂纹前沿的分布规律。将计算结果与RSE-M规范的直管应力强度因子解进行比较,发现RSE-M规范的直管应力强度因子计算方法可保守地应用于SG接管嘴处裂纹,并且随着裂纹深度的增加保守度增大。为实现SG接管嘴处缺陷安全的准确评价,基于有限元计算和RSE-M影响系数法给出了适用于SG接管嘴外表面裂纹的应力强度因子计算方法,该方法可以为SG的设计与维护提供指导。      

非对称Ⅲ型界面裂纹的动态扩展

通过复变函数论的方法,对非对称Ⅲ型界面裂纹的动态扩展问题进行了研究.采用自相似函数的方法对坐标原点分别受到变载荷Px/t、Pt3/x2作用下的非对称动态扩展问题进行求解,获得了应力、位移和动态应力强度因子解析解的一般表达式.以数值计算为例说明动态应力强度因子的变化规律,所得到的结果与相应文献报道相吻合.     

考虑接管载荷的反应堆压力容器接管嘴断裂力学分析

压力容器接管嘴位置结构和载荷情况比较复杂,若假想缺陷位于压力容器进口接管内隅角位置,在考虑接管载荷作用时,裂纹为复合型裂纹。建立含裂纹的三维有限元模型,分析在接管载荷单独作用、内压与接管载荷共同作用下裂纹尖端应力强度因子的分布和变化规律。分析结果表明,在仅考虑接管载荷时,进口接管内隅角位置应力强度因子KI、KII和KIII都比较小,应力强度因子近似对称分布;内压对裂纹尖端的应力强度因子KII和KIII基本没有影响。     

最佳自增强下厚壁圆筒表面轴向裂纹研究

基于有限元软件ANSYS分析了厚壁圆筒的最佳自增强压力.计算了在相应工作压力下自增强圆筒内表面轴向裂纹Ι型应力强度因子.考虑了裂纹的几何形状、深度等影响因素,对圆筒内外两侧同时存在裂纹的情况进行了研究.结果表明:最佳自增强压力随工作压力而变化;自增强后应力强度因子的减少量随裂纹加深而降低;外部裂纹可使内裂纹应力强度因子降低1%左右.     

压力容器开孔接管处表面斜裂纹应力强度因子数值分析

通过在裂纹前沿设置奇异单元,建立了圆筒形压力容器开孔接管处表面斜裂纹断裂力学有限元分析模型;运用可视化编程语言VB编制了压力容器开孔接管处表面斜裂纹应力强度因子参数化分析软件,实现了与有限元分析软件ANSYS的连接与调用;根据内压作用时多种几何参数情况下应力强度因子的计算值,绘制了裂纹前沿应力强度因子随裂纹相对深度、裂纹对应弧度、支管与主管直径比及裂纹倾斜角的变化曲线。     

Calculation of stress intensity factors of surface cracks in complex structures: Application of efficient computer program EPAS-J1

A finite element computer program EPAS-J1 was developed to calculate the stress intensity factors of three-dimensional cracks. In this program, the stress intensity factor is determined by the virtual crack extension method together with the distorted elements allocated along the crack front. The program also includes the connection elements based on the Lagrange multiplier concept to connect such different kinds of elements as the solid and shell elements, or the shell and beam elements. For the structure including the three-dimensional surface cracks, the solid elements are employed only at the neighborhood of the surface crack, while the remainder of the structure is modeled by the shell or beam elements since the crack singularity is very local. Computer storage and computational time can be highly reduced with the application of the above modeling for calculation of the stress intensity factors of the three-dimensional surface cracks, because the three-dimensional solid elements are required only around the crack front.Several numerical analyses were performed by the EPAS-J1 program. At first, the accuracies of the connection element and the virtual crack extension method were confirmed using the simple structures. Compared with other techniques of connecting different kinds of elements such as the tying method or the method using an anisotropic plate element, it is found that the present connection element provides better results than the others. It is also found that the virtual crack extension method provided the accurate stress intensity factor. Furthermore, the results are also presented for the stress intensity factor analyses of cylinders with longitudinal or circumferential surface cracks using the combination of various kinds of elements together with the connection elements.     

Simulation of stress corrosion crack growth in steam generator tubes

Assuming a small axial surface crack inside a steam generate (S/G) tube, stress corrosion crack growth is simulated by using finite element method. Pressure difference and residual stresses induced from the roll expansion are considered as applied forces and Scott's crack growth equation based on the stress intensity factor is used. Stress intensity factor distribution along crack front, variation of crack shape and crack growth rate are obtained during the crack growth. From the results, it is noted that for the given residual stress distribution, variation curve of the crack aspect ratio during the crack growth is uniquely determined. In addition, the curve shows nearly constant crack aspect ratio during the initial crack growth stage. When adjacently growing two small cracks are coalesced to form a longer crack, the growth rate of crack depth is increasing but that of crack length is decreasing, and the crack aspect ratio is converging to the original variation curve during the subsequent crack growth.     

A comparison between Japanese and French A16 defect assessment procedures for thermal fatigue crack growth

This paper presents the results of a benchmark on thermal fatigue crack growth evaluation for a thick-wall cylinder subjected to cyclic thermal transients. The simplified crack growth evaluation methods of both JNC in JAPAN and A16 procedures proposed by CEA in France are presented. The predictions obtained using both methods are compared with the experimental data. The JNC method, which accounts for the non-linear stress component provides predictions of crack advance in a good agreement with the experimental data. In contrast, significant differences are observed between the A16 predictions and the experimental data. The discrepancies are mainly due to the non-linear stress component which is not accounted for in the A16 method. When using the JNC stress intensity factor solution determined by finite element analysis to account for the non-linear stress component, the A16 method well predicts the thermal fatigue crack growth behavior.     

Thermo-mechanical stress intensity factors evaluation

This paper deals with the evaluation of the static mixed-mode stress intensity factors in case of thermal and mechanical loadings. A method and a formulation based on the J-integral and the energy release rate formulation is developed. The numerical results emphasize the effects of the temperature field on the stress intensity factors; thus, we show that an increasing temperature in the direction of the crack increases the mode 1 stress intensity factor. In addition, the formulation is also applied to the computation of an experiment consisting in a precracked glass specimen into a temperature gradient induced by a water bath and an oven.     

Three-dimensional interpretation of cleavage fracture tests of cladded specimens with local approach to cleavage fracture

Electricité de France has conducted during these last years an experimental and numerical research programme in order to evaluate fracture mechanics analyses used in nuclear reactor pressure vessels integrity assessment, regarding the risk of brittle fracture. Two cladded specimens made of ferritic steel A508 Cl3 with stainless steel cladding, and containing shallow subclad flaws, have been tested in four point bending at very low temperature to obtain cleavage failure. The crack instability was obtained in base metal by cleavage fracture, without crack arrest. The tests have been interpreted by local approach to cleavage fracture (Beremin model) using three-dimensional finite element computations. After the elastic–plastic computation of stress intensity factor K_J along the crack front, the probability of cleavage failure of each specimen is evaluated using m, σ_u Beremin model parameters identified on the same material. The failure of two specimens is conservatively predicted by both analyses. The elastic–plastic stress intensity factor K_J in base metal is always greater than base metal fracture toughness K_1c. The calculated probabilities of cleavage failure are in agreement with experimental results. The sensitivity of Beremin model to numerical aspects is finally exposed.     

Proportional extrapolation techniques for determining stress intensity factors

Proportional extrapolation techniques are proposed to compute simply and accurately the stress intensity factor by use of the boundary element method (BEM). They are based on the procedures that the effects of boundary division near crack tip on stresses and displacements are corrected by comparing with a standard problem and the corrected results are only accurate in the limit as r → 0 (r = distance from crack tip). Comparisons of a few crack problems are made between results using the proposed techniques and those obtained by previously recommended methods. They are seen to be less sensitive than any other techniques regarding human work and accurate results are obtained even in the case of coarse boundary division.     

The stress intensity factor study of an elliptical cracked shaft

The stress intensity factors of an elliptical crack front embedded with a round bar have been evaluated by collapsed singular element with detailed mesh on crack front and appropriating adjacent area. Using newly developed model with sweeping capability, the mesh of the cracked shaft model can be easily built. The three-dimensional finite element analyses are then performed to calculate the stress intensity factors of elliptical crack front of a round bar subjected to tension and bending. The ratio of crack depth to shaft diameter is considered in the range between 0.1 and 0.6, and the elliptical ratio of crack area is in the range between 0.0 and 1.0. By comparing the stress intensity factors for different crack profiles with appropriated published results, the variation of stress intensity factors on the center and near edge location have been discussed. It also addresses the related change of the equivalent elliptical ratio of crack profile with respect to crack depth ratio. Based on stress intensity factor results, the three-parameter stress intensity factor relationships of the crack front are then determined by curve fitting technique.     

反应堆压力容器断裂力学分析中弹塑性有限元方法与工程方法的比较

通过ABAQUS程序对反应堆压力容器简体裂纹进行了弹塑性断裂力学有限元分析,计算了在热冲击(PTS)瞬态作用下裂纹尖端的应力强度因子KI、J积分.同时,与工程方法计算的结果进行了比较,结果表明:工程方法在PTS计算分析时较三维弹塑性断裂力学有限元方法的计算值偏大,计算结果保守.     

Structural and Fracture Mechanics Analysis for the Bracket of ITER Upper ELM Coil

The brackets are the important components of ITER edge localized modes (ELM) coils to connect the coils and rails. In order to assure the structural integrity and security of the bracket, the maximum tresca stress and stress intensity factor are examined from the viewpoints of structural and fracture mechanics. Based on the finite element method, the global upper ELM coils with simplified and detailed bracket are investigated. Since it is difficult to perform in-service inspection due to inaccessibility of in-vessel coils, it is important to estimate the allowable initial defect. Assuming an initial crack in the maximum first principal stress region on the bracket, the fracture mechanics analyses under different loads are performed. Results show that the bracket design is valid and feasible and the calculation method of finite element for stress intensity factor is feasible and reliable. Assuming the initial crack of 7 mm depth, the bracket can meet the crack growth criteria. The stress intensity factor of the bracket is mainly caused by electromagnetic (EM) load and the thermal load can reduce the stress intensity factor under EM load. The thermal load can make the crack grow on the surface of the bracket and the EM load can cause the crack to extend in the inner of the bracket.