在窄带干扰环境中利用FFT捕获GPS卫星信号

本文介绍了采用FFT捕获GPSC／A码信号的方法，它可有效提高对GPSC／A码信号的捕获速度；利用FFT将信号变换到频域，在频域对GPS信号的窄带干扰信号加以消除，可提高在窄带干扰环境中对GPS卫星信号的捕获概率。     

对GPS M码信号的噪声调频干扰参数优化研究

GPS M码信号采用二进制偏移载波(BOC)调制,实现了频谱分离,带宽更大,原有针对C/A码、P码的干扰参数设置无法对其进行有效干扰。文中采用可形成较大带宽的噪声调频干扰样式,结合GPS软件接收机码跟踪环路工作原理,以接收机码跟踪误差为干扰评价指标,对特定干信比下的干扰频偏和干扰带宽进行参数优化,通过综合比较得出针对M码信号的噪声调频干扰高效干扰参数设置。     

GPS干扰源抑制中的多用户检测技术

本文讨论了GPS干扰源抑制中的多用户检测技术。多用户检测技术将GPS信号中的窄带数字干扰作为多用户信号进行检测,从而在多个干扰源中提取出GPS卫星信号。文中首先给出了CDMA系统中的多用户信号模型,然后具体介绍了3种多用户检测器,并分析了它们的信号干扰比和比特误码率。     

一种有效的宽带宽角相控阵接收干扰置零新方法

采用拉伸处理可以在目标方向形成接收主瓣,并能降低宽带宽角相控阵雷达接收信号的带宽,易于工程实现.为了在干扰信号功率远大于目标回波信号功率时获得较大的输出信干比,提出了一种宽带干扰置零新方法.在干扰离目标的空间角度间隔较大时,能在干扰方向准确形成零陷,新方法窄带权系数的零点约束角度会偏离实际干扰方向.偏移方向与信号形式有关,而偏移角度大小与雷达信号相对带宽、干扰离目标的空间角度间隔有关,其值在信号参数给定后可通过离线估计得到.计算机仿真结果验证了新方法的有效性.     

多场景下广播电视C波段下行接收防5G频段干扰测试实践

为验证加装窄带滤波器以防5G频段干扰方案的有效性,在多个不同分布基站的场景下,利用5G实时业务功能,测试卫星接收天线在加装窄带滤波器前后的信号接收质量,判断加装窄带滤波器这一主流方案是否具有实际的抗5G干扰效用。同时,通过设定不同的5G基站发射功率,检测5G业务对卫星下行接收干扰的边界范围。测试结果表明,部分5G频段对卫星C波段下行存在干扰,5G基站的发射功率、5G的不同业务类型以及基站与卫星接收天线的位置关系均会对卫星接收有不同程度的影响,加装窄带滤波器可显著降低5G频段对卫星下行接收的干扰程度。     

超宽带信号对窄带系统干扰的仿真

本文通过计算机仿真,研究了两种超宽带信号对QPSK方式的窄带传输系统得干扰影响。两种信号分别是多带正交频分复用超宽带信号和加性高斯白噪声信号。基于IEEE802.15.3a的高速无线个域网建议,对超宽带系统进行了建模仿真。通过误码率测试,评估了UWB信号对窄带系统带内干扰的改善程度。仿真过程中,采用了等效低通模型,这样可以减小仿真的复杂度。之外,测试了被干扰系统带宽变化时的干扰影响程度。     

基于FPGA的窄带干扰抑制算法在GPS中的应用

针对GPS接收机有效信号弱,易受窄带干扰影响的不足,提出了一种基于FPGA的窄带干扰抑制算法的实现方案。该方案以Xilinx公司的Virtex5芯片为硬件平台,采用重叠加窗频域滤波算法和自适应多门限检测技术实现窄带干扰的实时检测和抑制,最后采用重叠相加的方法进行数据输出。测试结果表明,该设计能为GPS接收机提供至少60dB的抗窄带干扰能力。与其他窄带干扰抑制方法相比,收敛速度和信噪比损耗都得到了改善。     

一种通用的GPS多类干扰抑制方法

欺骗式干扰、压制式干扰、卫星多径信号干扰是GPS最常见的,也是最有威胁的干扰。本文针对这三种干扰共存的情况,将子空间技术和低副瓣常规波束形成技术相结合,提出了一种通用的抗干扰算法。该算法能够同时抑制欺骗式干扰、压制式干扰和卫星多径信号干扰,并对GPS信号提供信号处理增益。本文还分析了欺骗式干扰和GPS卫星信号的相关特性,针对不同的相关性,提出分别采用协方差矩阵特征值分解和高分辨相干子空间估计方法来计算干扰子空间。仿真结果表明本文方法可以同时抑制多类干扰,保证接收机能够准确捕获到卫星信号。      

一种新的部分频带噪声干扰模型下的FH/MFSK系统性能分析

部分频带噪声干扰(PBNJ)是一种主要的窄带干扰,它对通信系统性能的影响十分突出。该文针对FH/ MFSK系统中,传统的部分频带干扰模型的干扰带宽最小分辨率是一个跳频子带带宽(即MFSK信号的带宽),研究了更具有实际价值的新的部分频带干扰模型,即将干扰带宽最小分辨率精确到MFSK信号带宽的1/M。该文推导了莱斯衰落信道下的误比特率(BER)公式,给出了其闭合表达式,并通过计算机仿真验证了理论推导的正确性。理论分析与仿真结果表明,M,Nh,越小,传统与新PBNJ模型下FH/MFSK信号的BER性能差异就越大。     

一种GPS接收机级联抗干扰方法

文章研究GPS接收机抗干扰技术,提出了一种级联抗干扰方法,利用变换域消除窄带干扰,然后用互谱度量方法消除剩余干扰。文章给出了变换域抗窄带干扰方法的一般流程;设计了变换域方法的核心部分频域处理算法。证明在接收信号频谱中,如果某一段频谱平坦或接近平坦,这段频谱就服从高斯分布,并可推出谱线的幅度服从瑞利分布。根据这个性质,提出频谱分段处理的方法,利用接收信号频谱均匀频段的统计特性进行窄带干扰抑制。通过列举空时联合处理方法说明其资源消耗和信号失真均大于本文提出的级联方法。仿真表明在有宽带干扰存在的情况下,使用本文提出的方法可以检测并消除窄带干扰。通过多干扰环境下的仿真,测得该方法的抗干扰能力比空时联合方法更好。      

基于周期截断数据矩阵奇异值分解的干扰抑制技术

针对现有适用于单天线接收机的干扰抑制技术难以为周期调频(PFM)干扰和卫星导航信号提供足够分离度,导致消除干扰成分时卫星导航信号损伤较大的问题,该文提出一种基于周期截断数据矩阵奇异值分解的干扰抑制方法。利用调频干扰信号的周期性把分散在较大带宽的能量集中到重排数据中几个甚至单个频点;进而采用奇异值分解(SVD)将干扰与期望信号映射进不同的投影子空间以消除干扰成分。仿真结果表明该方法可以降低在剔除干扰时卫星导航信号损失,提升卫星导航接收机对抗宽带周期调频干扰的能力。     

基于GPS卫星照射的SS-BSAR系统信噪比研究

以导航卫星为信号照射源的星表双基SAR系统(SS-BSAR)由于具有隐蔽性强、节约成本等特点,近年来受到了广泛关注。针对基于GPS卫星照射源的SS-BSAR系统信号带宽较窄、发射信号功率低等问题,首先分析非合作卫星照射源的选择及GPS卫星信号特性;根据GPS卫星信号的双基雷达方程,给出系统最大目标检测距离;分别推导基于GPS卫星信号的点、面目标双基SAR系统信噪比及信干比,分析信噪比与雷达接收斜距、目标截面积、雷达运动速度等因素的关系;最后提出改进系统信噪比、信干比的方法。     

Code tracking performance analysis of GNSS signal in the presence of CW interference

Continuous wave (CW) interference can cause severe performance degradation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. In analysing the code tracking performance of pilot channel under CW interference, the signal spectrum consists of discrete spectral lines and the interference term of the correlator output shows the characteristics of direct current or sine. Thus the traditional assumptions that the interference obeys the Gaussian distribution and that the spectrum of the signal is continuous no longer hold. Considering this fact, this paper presents the analytic expressions of the code tracking error bound for the early-minus-late power (EMLP) discriminator and the dot-product (DP) discriminator. The derived expressions can be used to assess the susceptibility of code tracking performance under CW interference for the pilot channel of GNSS signals. Then the GPS L5 signal is taken as an example of the application of the derived mathematic expressions. The effects of finite front-end bandwidth, correlator spacing, and discrete spectrum of pseudo-random noise (PRN) code on performance are discussed. It is shown that the code tracking performance can be improved by choosing proper receiver parameters and some of the L5 codes are more vulnerable to the interference compared with the average level.     

基于频谱对称性的GNSS频率抗干扰算法

传统的卫星导航信号频域抗干扰技术在接收信号的频域将干扰信号的谱线进行抑制从而达到抗干扰的目的,但在抑制干扰的同时抑制了部分信号,造成信号能量的损失。提出一种利用卫星导航信号频谱对称性的频域抗干扰算法,该方法利用卫星导航信号在频谱上的冗余性,在进行干扰谱线抑制的过程中利用与之对称未被干扰的谱线进行恢复,即可得到完整的信号频谱。分析北斗B3频点民码仿真数据表明：当干扰信号的频谱出现在中心频点的一侧时,该方法对干扰信号的带宽不敏感,即使干扰信号的频谱占到了信号频谱的一半,其输出信号的能量仍能保持稳定;与传统的方法相比,在进行干扰谱线抑制的过程中减小了信号能量的损失。仿真实验表明,在典型场景下,提出的方法与传统的置零法相比,载噪比提升约1 dB。     

Multiple access using two sets of orthogonal signal waveforms

We present a new multiple access concept which allows to accommodate more than N users on a channel of NW Hz bandwidth, where W Hz is the bandwidth of the individual user signals. It makes use of two sets of orthogonal signal waveforms, one for the first N users and one for the additional users. An iterative multistage detection technique is used to cancel interference between the two sets of users. At each stage of the detection process, the best estimate of the multiuser interference is synthesized using the decisions available from the previous stages, and this interference is subtracted from the user signals of interest before entering them to a threshold detector. The new concept is described using orthogonal code-division multiple access and time division multiple access as the two sets of signal waveforms, but we also briefly outline how it can be generalized to other orthogonal sets     

Binary‐offset‐carrier modulation techniques with applications in satellite navigation systems

An important aspect in designing the modulation scheme for various satellite systems, such as the modernized GPS and Galileo, is to obtain good spectral properties and suitable spectral shaping. For example, in the future satellite navigation systems, some of the main goals are: low interference with the existing GPS signals, good root‐mean‐square (RMS) bandwidth, good time resolution (in order to allow the separation between channel paths and to decrease the synchronization errors) etc. Starting from the recently proposed cosine‐ and sine‐BOC modulation families for GPS and Galileo systems, we introduce a new, generalized family, denoted here by double‐BOC (DBOC) modulation. We derive and analyze the properties of the power spectral densities (PSD) and autocorrelation functions (ACF) of the DBOC modulation with various orders, we show its relationship with BPSK, sine‐ and cosine‐BOC modulations, and we illustrate via several examples how to choose optimally the parameters of this new modulation family, according to different optimization criteria. The examples are targeting at applications such as the design of suitable modulations for Galileo open service (OS) and public regulated service (PRS) signals, but the authors believe that the DBOC concept might be useful to other satellite‐based applications, when the available bandwidth is large enough. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A null despreader for interference suppression in GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) utilizes low‐power spread‐spectrum signals and thus is vulnerable to various types of high‐power interference sources. It requires at least four satellites for estimating three‐dimensional user positions and the receiver clock bias. In this paper, we propose a blind adaptive GPS receiver that is based on a new despreader and the one‐stage constant modulus (CM) array. The despreader consists of a conventional GPS despreader and a so‐called null despreader, which together modify the received signal so that the CM array can extract the GPS signal of interest. The beamformer not only rejects jammers and extracts the GPS signal of interest without explicit direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) information of any of the signals but also it has a low computational complexity compared with conventional techniques, such as minimum‐variance distortionless‐response (MVDR) beamforming. As a conventional despreader can recover only one GPS signal, multiple despreaders are usually required for separating multiple GPS signals. We also explore an extension of the proposed null despreader to detect multiple GPS signals. Computer simulation examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the receiver for different types of jammer signals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GPS-BASED LEO SATELLITE POSITION AND ATTITUDE DETERMINATION AUGMENTED BY PSEUDOLITES ON EARTH

GPS-based navigation and attitude determination of LEO satellites is presently considered as an alternative to the conventional systems which utilize earth sensors and magnetometers. The onboard GPS receiver determines the orbit position of the LEO satellite by the conventional system of linearized navigation equations, requiring the simultaneous reception of ranging signals from four GPS satellites by a single antenna. For attitude determination, pairs of antennae, suitably mounted on the satellite and feeding a common receiver, form several interferometric baselines. The baselines vectors, defined in a given coordinate system, determine the attitude of the satellite. For each baseline and each GPS satellite, the difference in phase of the received signal carriers is measured. The differencing operation eliminates the receiver clock bias. Solutions for the baseline vectors can be obtained with signals received from only three GPS satellites. If the coverage of a receive antenna is restricted to less than the hemisphere it will not have four GPS satellites in view all the time. It is demonstrated that a GPS pseudolite transmitter located on earth supplements the system, which then provides a usable geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) for position determination and an improved position dilution of precision (PDOP) for attitude determination. Pseudolites can be co-located with the gateways which provide access to the public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) for the LEO communication satellites.     

GPS L1频点授权信号质量评估

GNSS信号的空间信号(SIS)质量直接影响用户的定位、测试和授时(Positioning, Velocity and Timing, PVT)服务精度,但由于授权信号保密等原因,授权信号的伪码序列未知,卫星导航系统授权信号质量评估存在一定的困难性。该文主要分析GPS BIIF-5卫星L1频点的相干自适应副载波调制(CASM)信号,利用匹配滤波理论恢复出采集数据中的P(Y)码和M码两个授权信号分量的伪码符号,采用极大似然估计结合信号分布特点准确求解出各信号分量之间的功率分配。重点分析P(Y)码和M码信号相关性能,包含相关曲线、相关损失和S曲线过零点偏差(S-Curve bias),定量地评估了授权信号的空间信号质量。提出完整的基于GPS L1频点授权信号质量评估方法,研究成果可作为其他卫星导航系统授权信号质量评估的参考。     

Time-multiplexed video transmission system: a bandwidth efficienttechnique for high-quality television transmission via satellite

A bandwidth-efficient television transmission technique called time-multiplexed video transmission (TMVT) is described. The TMVT system uses a two-dimensional filtering and interpolation technique to reduce the transmission bandwidth of TV signals, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of a satellite transponder by approximately 50%. The system adopts the time-multiplexed component transmission scheme with a single carrier to eliminate interference between different TV signals transmitted through the same satellite transponder, and to avoid the intermodulation between the multiple FM carriers, as in the conventional frequency division multiplexing (FDM) approach. A prototype hardware system has been built and tested, with results closely matching the theoretical analysis