PEEK/CF复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和PEEK/碳纤维(CF)复合材料的非等温结晶行为,采用Avrami,Ozawa和Mo方程对PEEK/CF复合材料的非等温动力学进行分析,获得相关非等温动力学参数,并利用Kissinger方程计算其结晶活化能。结果表明:Avrami方程和Mo方程能很好描述PEEK/CF复合材料的非等温结晶过程;PEEK/CF复合材料的非等温结晶活化能为79.99kJ/mol。     

聚苯硫醚/多壁碳纳米管复合材料非等温结晶研究

采用DSC法研究了聚苯硫醚(PPS)及多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)复合材料的非等温结晶过程,采用莫志深方程分析了复合材料的非等温结晶动力学特性。结果表明,莫志深方程能够较好地描述PPS/MWCNT复合材料的非等温结晶动力学,MWCNT的加入促进了PPS结晶,材料的结晶温度、结晶速率都明显上升。复合材料的结晶温度和结晶速率随MWCNT用量的增加呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,当MWCNT质量分数为3%时两者都达到最大。     

聚苯硫醚/玻璃微珠复合材料体系的相容性及非等温结晶动力学研究

采用熔融共混挤出法制备了聚苯硫醚(PPS)/玻璃微珠(GB)复合材料,考察了PPS/GB复合材料的相容性、结晶形态,并采用Ozawa方程和R-t关系法研究了复合材料的非等温结晶动力学。结果表明,PPS/GB复合材料在熔融状态下两相之间有良好的相容性,而在固态条件下随着GB含量增加存在分散不均匀现象。复合体系中PPS主要生成球晶,GB在PPS基体中起异相成核作用,加速其结晶。Ozawa方程和R-t关系法能较好地描述复合材料的非等温结晶动力学。     

聚苯硫醚/碳纳米管复合材料的非等温结晶性能

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了纤维用聚苯硫醚/多壁碳纳米管(PPS/MWCNTs)复合材料。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了不同降温速率下纯PPS以及PPS/MWCNTs复合材料的非等温结晶过程,并运用Ozawa模型进行了非等温结晶动力学分析。结果表明:降温速率对PPS/MWCNTs复合材料的结晶性能有很大的影响,当降温速率为20℃/min时,PPS/MWCNTs复合材料的结晶能力及相对结晶度最大;MWCNTs在PPS结晶过程中起异相成核剂的作用,使PPS/MWCNTs复合材料的结晶温度较纯PPS升高。     

聚苯硫醚/碳纳米管复合材料等温结晶性能研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚苯硫醚(PPS)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合材料,然后通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了纯PPS以及PPS/MWCNTs复合材料的等温结晶过程,并运用Avrami模型对纯PPS以及PPS/MWCNTs复合材料的等温结晶动力学进行分析。研究结果表明,MWCNTs的加入明显缩短了PPS的半结晶期,提高了结晶速率;Avrami模型能够较好地描述PPS及PPS/MWCNTs复合材料的等温结晶动力学。     

石墨烯/聚丙烯复合材料的等温结晶动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了石墨烯(RGO)/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料的等温结晶行为。结果表明:对于纯PP和RGO/PP复合材料,结晶温度(Tc)的提高将导致结晶速率(G1/2)变慢、绝对结晶度(Xc)提高;PP和RGO/PP复合材料的等温结晶在相当大的范围内符合Avrami方程;同纯PP相比,RGO/PP复合材料的G1/2相对增加,而结晶活化能相对减小,这意味着RGO对PP起到了外加成核剂的作用,促进了PP的结晶。     

氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂复合材料非等温固化动力学

通过液相共混法制备了氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂(GO/EP)复合材料,利用非等温结晶动力学,探讨了氧化石墨烯对环氧树脂体系非等温固化行为的影响,分析了环氧树脂和氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂在不同升温速率下的固化过程。结果表明,纯环氧树脂体系比氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂复合体系的固化表观活化能高,即氧化石墨烯对环氧树脂的固化具有促进作用。利用Kissinger方程、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方程和Friedman-Reich-Levi方程分别求得的环氧树脂体系的固化表观活化能比氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂复合体系高3. 11、5. 56、5. 86 k J/mol。说明Kissinger、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa和Friedman-Reich-Levi方程均能较好地描述环氧树脂和氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂的固化过程。通过外延法求解的环氧树脂和氧化石墨烯/环氧树脂的理论凝胶温度分别为95. 171和90. 981℃,理论固化温度分别为41. 949和41. 343℃。     

聚丙烯/石墨烯纳米复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

通过液相共混法制备了聚丙烯/石墨烯(PP/RGO)纳米复合材料,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)探讨了非等温条件下的PP/RGO复合材料的结晶动力学。结果表明:快速冷却以及引入RGO均能促进复合材料的结晶;RGO的加入同时提高了复合材料中PP的结晶速率和绝对结晶度,并降低了PP的结晶活化能,这说明RGO起到了成核剂的作用,促进了PP的结晶;另外,采用Ozawa法和莫志深(Mo)法修正的Avrami方程均可较好地描述纯PP和PP/RGO的非等温结晶过程。     

PE-LLD/纳米Al2O3复合材料非等温结晶动力学研究

采用差示扫描量热法研究了线形低密度聚乙烯（PE-LLD）/纳米氧化铝（Al2O3）复合材料的非等温结晶行为,分别利用Avrami方程和莫志深方程对结晶动力学进行了分析,运用Kissinger方程计算了结晶过程中的活化能。结果表明,添加5 %（质量分数,下同）和10 %的纳米Al2O3,在PE-LLD的非等温结晶过程中起到的异相成核作用较为微弱,PE-LLD/纳米Al2O3复合材料的结晶起始温度、峰值温度和结晶速率均较PE-LLD略有提高,但结晶活化能有所降低。     

木粉对聚乳酸/木粉复合材料非等温冷结晶的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸/木粉复合材料,通过差示扫描量热法和偏光显微镜研究了木粉对复合材料非等温冷结晶行为的影响。结果发现:添加质量分数为4%的木粉,可以使聚乳酸的结晶度提高4.1%、结晶温度降低11.8℃、结晶速率加快。修正后的Avrami方程和MO方程能准确地描述非等温冷结晶过程。聚乳酸和聚乳酸/木粉复合材料的Avrami指数约为3,木粉质量分数为4%时,结晶速率常数最大。利用Kissinger模型计算的复合材料的结晶活化能为62.5 k J/mol,木粉使复合材料成核密度增加,球晶数量增多。     

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/mica composites

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of pure poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), PET/mica and PET/TiO₂-coated mica composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry with different theoretical models, including the modified Avrami method, Ozawa method and Mo method. The activation energies of non-isothermal crystallization were calculated by Kissinger method and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The results show that the modified Avrami equation and Ozawa theory fail to describe the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of all composites, while the Mo model fits the experiment data fair well. It is also found that the mica and TiO₂-coated mica could act as heterogeneous nucleating agent and accelerate the crystallization rates of PET, and the effect of TiO₂-coated mica is stronger than that of mica. The result is further reinforced by calculating the effective activation energy of the non-isothermal crystallization process for all composites using the Kissinger method and the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method.     

Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PA6 and PA6/SEBS-g-MA blends

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of neat PA6 and binary blends of PA6/SEBS-g-MA were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry at four different coolings rates. Three macro kinetic models, viz. Avrami, Jeziorny and Tobin, were used to describe the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. Primary and secondary crystallization were analyzed by Avrami equation. The results obtained by Avrami equation suggested that under non-isothermal condition, the mechanism of primary crystallization is more complex, while secondary crystallization showed one to three dimensional crystal growths. Tobin model described the overall crystallization kinetics and results were almost similar to those of Avrami model. The results obtained by Dobreva and Gutzowa method suggested that SEBS-g-MA did not act as a nucleating agent for PA6. Three isokinetic models (Augis-Bennet, Kissinger and Takhore) have been used for the evaluation of the activation energy of non-isothermal crystallization kinetics process. The value of activation energy ?E slightly increases in the presence of 5, 10, 20?phr content of SEBS-g-MA and then decreases with at 35 and 50?phr contents of SEBS-g-MA. These results showed that up to 20?phr SEBS-g-MA hinder the mobility of PA6 chain segments and at 35 and 50?phr SEBS-g-MA eases the mobility of PA6 chain segments.     

PA11/SiC复合材料非等温结晶动力学研究

通过熔融共混法制备了尼龙11/碳化硅(PA11/SiC)复合材料,利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了该复合材料的非等温结晶过程,且采用Avrami方程修正的Jeziorny法和Mo法对其非等温结晶动力学进行了研究,并计算得到相关非等温结晶动力学参数。结果表明:Jeziorny法和Mo法都适用于处理PA11及PA11/SiC复合材料的非等温结晶过程,其分析结果均显示,SiC的加入影响了PA11复合材料的非等温结晶行为,少量(1%)SiC的加入促进了PA11复合材料的成核及晶体生长,提高了结晶速率;由Jeziorny法可知,PA11及其复合材料的非等温过程可分为初期结晶和二次结晶两个阶段,在二次结晶阶段,结晶方式为一维线性、二维盘状和三维球晶生长并存。     

PE-LLD/玻璃微珠复合材料的熔融与非等温结晶行为研究

采用X射线衍射法、偏光显微镜和差示扫描量热法考察了玻璃微珠(GB)对线形低密度聚乙烯(PE-LLD)的结晶形态以及非等温结晶与熔融行为的影响。通过Jeziorny法和莫志深法研究了复合材料的非等温结晶动力学,并利用Kissinger方程计算了PE-LLD/GB复合材料的非等温结晶活化能。结果表明,GB的加入细化了PE-LLD的晶粒,降低了晶粒尺寸和晶体完善程度;当GB含量为5 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料的结晶结构完善程度的分散性最大;GB起到了异相成核作用,提高了PE-LLD的结晶起始温度,当GB含量为8 %时,复合材料的结晶速率达到最大值;当GB含量低于5 %时,复合材料结晶活化能高于纯PE-LLD。     

Evaluation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetic models for linear poly(phenylene sulfide)

The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of linear Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) was studied with differential scanning calorimetry. Ozawa theory, Jeziorny model, and Mo equation were applied to describe the crystallization kinetics and to determine the crystallization parameters and mechanism of the linear PPS resin. The crystallization activation energies were also calculated using Kissinger formula and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa equation, respectively. According to the Ozawa model, it is found that instantaneous nucleation takes place during crystallization of PPS; the Ozawa exponent m is 3 in initial stage of crystallization; as the crystallization temperature decreases, the value of m reduces, and the growth rate of crystal almost keeps a constant. The Avrami exponent n obtained from Jeziorny model fluctuate around 1.84. Based on the Jeziorny model, the crystallization rate increases with increasing the cooling rate, but it does not change any longer when the cooling rate rise to a certain value. Mo equation also exhibits great advantages in treating the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PPS. The activation energy E of nonisothermal crystallization process of PPS is calculated to be −162.73 kJ/mol by the Kissinger formula, and the mean value of E determined by Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa equation is −152.40 kJ/mol. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

PBS/PHAs的熔融行为和非等温结晶动力学

用示差扫描量热仪测定了聚羟基丁酸酯(PHAs)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混体系的熔融和非等温结晶动力学。结果发现:PHAs和PBS之间存在着相互作用。用Jeziorny方程对共混体系的非等温结晶动力学进行了研究,说明PHAs的加入对PBS的结晶动力学参数影响不大,PHAs的加入没有起到异相成核的作用,而是使PBS的结晶生长更加完善。用Kissinger方程计算了体系的结晶活化能,发现PHAs的加入使结晶活化能先升高后降低。     

聚四氟乙烯/聚苯酯复合材料非等温结晶动力学研究

通过冷压烧结的方法制备了聚四氟乙烯/聚苯酯（PTFE/POB）复合材料。采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了PTFE/POB复合材料的非等温结晶行为,并利用Jeziorny法对所得DSC数据进行分析。结果表明,随着冷却速率的增加,结晶峰向低温方向移动,结晶温度范围增大,结晶度下降;Jeziorny方程能够较好地描述PTFE/POB复合材料的非等温结晶动力学;POB有异相成核作用,改善了PTFE的结晶性能,提高了PTFE的结晶速率。     

Crystallization behaviors in the isotactic polypropylene/graphene composites

Crystallization behaviors and kinetics of iPP in an in-situ prepared isotactic polypropylene/graphene (iPP/G) composites were studied in this paper. In samples used in this study, the graphene fillers were well dispersed, and the interfacial adhesion exhibited enhanced features between graphene and iPP components. The thermal stability of the composites was improved by about 100 °C compared to the pristine iPP. It was found that the crystallization morphology, crystallization rate and kinetics of the iPP/G composites were significantly influenced by the presence of graphene. The nucleation and epitaxial growth of iPP on the graphene surface were observed and studied in detail. It was observed that the nucleation of iPP favored to occur at the wrinkles and edges due to the good match of the lattice parameters and the weak spatial hindrance compared to the smooth surface. Numerous nuclei epitaxially formed and the size of the crystals was very small. The schematic diagram was also proposed for the nucleation and growth process of iPP on the graphene surface in the iPP/G composites. Meanwhile, the overall crystallization kinetics and crystals growth were analyzed through Avrami equation. The obtained Avrami index n decreased with the graphene loadings and was close to 2 for the iPP/G composites, which implied that the growth of iPP in the composites was in two-dimension. And this was caused by the structure of graphene and the spatial confinement effect of graphene platelets in the iPP/G composites.