Improved analysis of a bearingless switched reluctance motor

Bearingless switched reluctance motors, which can control rotor radial positions with magnetic force, have been proposed. Bearingless switched reluctance motors have combined characteristics of switched reluctance motors and magnetic bearings. Production of radial force for rotor shaft magnetic suspension is explained with differential stator windings. Mathematical relations between motor currents and radial force are derived by considering cross coupling and fringing fluxes. Theoretical relationships are verified with experimental results at partial overlap positions     

Radial Force Analytic Modeling for a Novel Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor When Considering Rotor Eccentricity

Abstract—Analytic modeling of radial forces is proposed for the novel bearingless switched reluctance motor, where the rotor eccentricity is taken into account. The novel bearingless switched reluctance motor's model is never disclosed, even though there are many advantages, such as fewer suspension windings and simpler control circuit and algorithm, when compared to the conventional bearingless switched reluctance motor. The analytic model of radial forces is very important to achieve this new bearingless switched reluctance motor's suspension control. The rotor eccentricity is a key cause to affect the radial forces. This article calculates the air-gap permeances through considering rotor eccentricity. The self-inductance and mutual-inductance expressions of the motor torque windings and the suspension windings are derived by using the magnetic equivalent circuit method. The derived radial force model discloses the effects of winding currents, rotor position angle, and rotor eccentricity displacement. The finite-element analysis based results verify the built model.     

基于等效磁网络法的混合励磁双定子磁悬浮开关磁阻电机建模研究

提出了一种混合励磁双定子磁悬浮开关磁阻电机(BSRM)的等效磁网络模型,此模型可以分析电机悬浮和转矩绕组的磁链、电感及悬浮力和转矩等静态特性。等效磁网络法(EMN)不仅能保证一定的精度,而且比有限元法（FEM）节省时间。基于一种24/16/8极混合励磁双定子BSRM建立EMN模型,推算出电机定转子齿部、轭部以及气隙磁导的计算公式。建立矩阵方程,求解出各部分的磁通密度,进而求出悬浮和转矩绕组的磁链、电感以及悬浮力和转矩特性,和FEM求解的结果进行对比。可以发现EMN模型求解出的电磁特性和FEM分析的结果吻合效果很好,进一步证明了所建模型的有效性。     

宽转子无轴承开关磁阻电机的转子极形优化

为了解决宽转子无轴承开关磁阻电机由于开关型供电方式以及双凸极铁心结构在运行过程中容易导致转矩脉动很大的问题,本文对其转子极结构进行改进,提出在转子极两侧开槽的优化设计方案。旨在通过增大开槽处的气隙磁阻,提高用于产生转矩的切向分量的气隙磁密,从而降低转矩脉动。对所开槽进行参数化处理,使用控制变量法分析各开槽参数对转矩性能的影响,以性能指标最优为目标确定开槽参数。利用场路耦合的方法将电机有限元分析模型和直接瞬时转矩控制电路模型结合起来,实现电机系统的动态运行。仿真结果表明转子极开槽后能够有效降低宽转子无轴承开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动,提升平均转矩,并且对径向悬浮力的影响很小。     

新型无轴承开关磁阻电机双相导通数学模型

针对传统无轴承开关磁阻电机数学模型单相电流导通模式的局限性,提出了一种适用于单、双相导通的无轴承开关磁阻电机数学模型.在建立两相电流导通的等效磁路模型基础上,确定电感矩阵,推导出两相电流导通的径向悬浮力和电磁转矩的表达式.基于该数学模型的双相电流导通模式极大程度地拓宽了无轴承开关磁阻电机的工作区域,增加了其承受径向负载的能力.利用磁场分析法验证了该数学模型的正确性和优良的工作特性.     

Radial force and torque of a bearingless switched reluctance motor operating in a region of magnetic saturation

Bearingless switched reluctance motors, which can control rotor radial positions with magnetic force, have been proposed. These motors are characterized by integration of switched reluctance motors and magnetic bearings. It is essential for a control system to consider magnetic saturation in real time in order to realize stable operation at a full torque load. Thus, this paper proposes a method for fast calculation of radial force and torque of a bearingless switched reluctance motor operating in a region of magnetic saturation. It is shown experimentally that the proposed method is effective in calculating the radial force and the torque under conditions of magnetic saturation.     

双定子磁悬浮开关磁阻电机直接转矩与直接悬浮力控制

研究一种双定子磁悬浮开关磁阻电机。该电机采用内-外双定子结构,内定子和外定子上分别设置悬浮力绕组和转矩绕组。在结合拓扑结构说明其运行原理的基础上,针对该电机同时存在转矩脉动和悬浮力脉动过大的问题,提出了直接转矩(DT)与直接悬浮力控制(DSFC)策略。比较了传统方波控制策略与所提控制策略下系统的转矩脉动、悬浮力脉动以及转子径向位移波动。仿真结果表明:DT/DSFC不仅能提高系统动态响应速度,而且有效抑制了转矩和悬浮力脉动,削弱了转子径向抖振,验证了所提控制策略的有效性与优越性。     

Reducing Acoustic Noise of Axial‐Gap SRMs by Decreasing Axial Electromagnetic Force Ripple

Switched reluctance (SR) motors are motors that utilize the reluctance torque originating in the magnetic saliency between the stator and the rotor, which are made up of an electromagnetic steel sheet and windings without a permanent magnet. Because of their robustness and simple structure, SR motors are suited for use as the in‐wheel motor for traction motors of vehicles. In a flat space such as is present in in‐wheel motors, the axial‐gap structure has an advantage compared with the conventional radial‐gap structure for the space factor of a motor. An axial‐gap in‐wheel SR motor was tested in a microbus, and the bus could be successfully driven. The test results regarding the motor performance were satisfactory. However, the motor emits a loud sound. The acoustic noise of the axial‐gap SR motor is mainly caused by the axial electromagnetic force. This paper presents a method of reducing acoustic noise that is based on a model of the electromagnetic force on the axial‐gap SR motor.     

Magnetic suspension force in an induction bearingless motor with a squirrel cage rotor

Theoretical equations of magnetic force in an induction bearingless motor have been reported. In the bearing‐less motor, both 4‐pole and 2‐pole windings are stored in stator slots for torque and suspension force generation. In the analysis, squirrel cage rotor currents are considered. These currents are induced by both torque and suspension winding currents. Inductance matrix is represented by four sets of three‐phase windings, thus a 12×12 matrix is constructed. A simplification and reasonable assumptions are introduced to obtain understandable expressions for suspension force and torque representation. The rotor flux linkages in an induction bearingless motor are derived, and a simulation model of suspension force is then constructed. It is shown that the response and the phase of suspension force are delayed in the case of cage rotors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(3): 77–87, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20340     

磁悬浮开关磁阻电动机转子径向偏心时的仿真

磁悬浮开关磁阻电动机结合了开关磁阻电动机和磁轴承的特点,通过电磁力控制转子径向位置。分析了磁悬浮开关磁阻电动机悬浮力和旋转力的产生原理。基于开关磁阻电动机转子的四个特殊位置,利用二维有限元方法分析了转子位于中心位置与有径向偏心时的电机内部磁场,给出了磁场分布图、径向悬浮力与径向偏心矩的关系曲线、旋转力与径向偏心矩的关系曲线,为进一步描述磁悬浮开关磁阻电动机悬浮力与旋转力的模型提供了依据。     

一种无轴承开关磁阻电机独立控制策略

基于无轴承开关磁阻电机中平均转矩和径向悬浮力之间独立控制的思想,研究了一种新型的控制策略。其中主绕组电流单、双相交替工作,悬浮绕组电流固定开关角轮流导通15°,实现无轴承电机转矩和悬浮的独立控制并建立该控制策略下的瞬时转矩、平均转矩和径向悬浮力的计算公式,阐述电机控制参数和控制依据,分析了该控制策略的工作区域。仿真和实验结果均证实了理论分析的正确性和可行性。     

基于三相半桥功率变换器的无轴承开关磁阻电机绕组结构分析

无轴承开关磁阻电机兼有开关磁阻电机和磁轴承的优点。功率变换器是无轴承开关磁阻电机的重要组成部分,其控制绕组电流,对电机旋转和悬浮性能有重要影响。悬浮绕组功率变换器采用三相半桥结构时,由于负载的不对称,存在中点电压漂移问题。该文简要介绍了电机悬浮原理和数学模型,将功率变换器和电机作为一个整体,分析了中点电压漂移的原因及绕组配置对中点电压的影响。给出了5种绕组结构形式下,各相悬浮力之和及其对中点电压的影响。通过合理配置绕组结构,使电机在恒定径向负载的情况下,中点电压波动大为减小。给出了4种优化的无轴承开关磁阻电机绕组结构。实验结果证明了理论分析的正确性。     

基于有限元法的磁悬浮开关磁阻电机数学模型

当电机高速运行时，为避免机械磨损，采用电磁力进行悬浮支撑，而磁轴承占用轴向空间，限制临界转速。磁悬浮开关磁阻电机利用电机定子与轴承机械结构的相似性，在原有的电机定子绕组上附加一套径向力绕组，通过一定的控制策略，同时实现电机的旋转和悬浮。该文在利用有限元软件Ansoft/ Maxwell 2D分析磁悬浮开关磁阻电机磁场的基础上，结合等效磁回路法并根据虚位移定理，推导出磁悬浮开关磁阻电机在考虑a、b轴方向径向偏移及其耦合时的径向力和转矩的数学模型，并用有限元分析结果验证了该模型的正确性和有效性。     

无轴承电机悬浮控制系统的设计

无轴承电机是利用磁悬浮轴承和交流电机结构的相似性,将产生磁悬浮力的磁悬浮轴承绕组置入电机定子,省去了专门的磁悬浮轴承。通过对转矩绕组和悬浮力绕组的解耦控制,使电机的转子同时具有产生转矩和自悬浮的功能。无轴承电机能够实现高速、无摩擦等优良性能,是当前研究的热点之一,无轴承电机悬浮控制系统设计是该研究的关键。介绍了无轴承电机悬浮控制的基本原理,设计出了基于转矩绕组转子磁场定向的悬浮控制系统。     

A method of determining the advanced angle of square-wave currentsin a bearingless switched reluctance motor

Bearingless switched reluctance motors, which can control rotor radial positions with magnetic force, have been proposed. These motors have combined the characteristics of switched reluctance motors and magnetic bearings. This paper proposes a method of determining the advanced angle of square-wave currents in a bearingless switched reluctance motor. Under any torque condition, from no load to full load, stable operation is realized by controlling the advanced angle of square-wave currents with the proposed method. It is shown experimentally that the proposed method is effective in realizing stable operation     

基于气隙变化的开关磁阻电机结构优化设计

针对电动汽车用开关磁阻电机转矩脉动大的问题,深入分析了电感、磁路饱和程度、径向力等对转矩及转矩脉动产生的影响,提出了设计并优化定子斜齿结构的方案,通过建立坐标系,用方程表示定子斜齿前沿所在直线和转子的运动轨迹,推导了转矩随定子结构改变的直接变化关系。对不同定子齿结构进行有限元仿真,验证理论推导,对比转矩脉动、最大转矩、电感、磁密等参数,确定最优定子斜齿结构。研究结果表明:通过电机优化设计,最大转矩增加20.8Nm,平均转矩增加23Nm,转矩脉动下降13%,提高了转矩输出能力,减小了转矩脉动。     

新型交替极无轴承永磁电机的原理与实现

传统永磁型无轴承电机悬浮力和转矩控制存在耦合，该文对一种新型交替极转子结构的无轴承永磁电机的磁悬浮原理进行了深入分析和数学建模，指出该类型电机所具有的独特的悬浮控制和转矩控制解耦的特点，并构建了无轴承交替极永磁电机的实时控制系统。实验结果表明实现了该新型无轴承永磁电机的动、静态稳定悬浮，验证了悬浮与转矩控制解耦的特性。     

无轴承开关磁阻电机转子质量偏心补偿控制

由于机械不平衡原因,无轴承开关磁阻电机存在转子质量偏心的问题,这会导致额外的不平衡径向磁拉力,从而使电机的悬浮精度变差,这也是限制电机高速时转速进一步提升的重要因素。分析转子质量偏心对电机悬浮性能的影响,介绍悬浮转子振动控制原理,设计基于最小均方（least—mean—square,LMS）算法的白适应凹陷滤波器,将其加入到无轴承开关磁阻电机（bearinglessswitchedreluctancemotor,BSRIV1）系统中,利用Matlab／Simulink对该振动控制方法进行仿真研究,最后在一台实验样机上进行实验验证。结果表明,基于LMS算法的白适应凹陷滤波器能够在不同的电机转速条件下有效补偿转子的同频振动位移,抑制转子偏心振动,提高转子悬浮精度。     

Improved Radial Force Modeling and Rotor Suspension Dynamics Simulation Studies for Double-winding Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor

The rotor radial force is changed by adjusting the windings current value to control rotor suspension for various kinds of bearingless switched reluctance motor (BSRM). To accomplish the BSRM's suspension control, the radial force analytical model is necessary. Currently the mathematic relationship among radial force, winding currents, and rotor rotation angle has been built for double-winding BSRM, but the rotor eccentricity displacement has not been considered. That is, the existing radial force analytical model only can be used to analyze rotor radial force when rotor shaft is located in the central position. Actually, the rotor radial force is significantly affected by the rotor shaft eccentricity displacement. It is difficult for the bearingless motor to keep the rotor shaft staying in the central position, and the rotor shaft always runs around the central position with an eccentricity displacement. The rotor eccentricity caused by the radial force is considered in the paper to obtain the air-gap permeance and the windings inductances. Furthermore, the radial forces analytical model considering the rotor eccentricity displacement is derived. Finally, the finite-element method (FEM)-based results are applied and the dynamics simulation using the proposed model is accomplished to verify the correctness of the model.     

基于高频脉冲注入的无轴承开关磁阻电机转子位置与径向位移检测方法

为提高无轴承开关磁阻电机(BSRM)的集成度和运行可靠性,探索无轴承电机的转子转角和径向位移的自检测方法,通过在BSRM非导通相的主绕组中注入高频脉冲信号,实现了同时检测转子的转角位置和径向位移的目的。一方面,利用绕组电流的斜率差值与绕组电感的关系,得到BSRM电感的实时分布信息,从而解算得到转子的实时转角位置。另一方面,通过检测悬浮绕组的感应电动势来获取主、悬浮绕组间的互感信息,利用互感与转子径向位置的关系,解算得到转子的实时径向位移。从而最终仅通过对主绕组注入一组高频脉冲来同时估测BSRM的转子转角和径向位移。实验结果证实了所提方法的有效性。