焦油蒸馏装置提高处理能力的实践

介绍了焦油蒸馏装置提高焦油处理量的试验情况，指出，只有原料焦油质量的稳定，才能保证焦油装置的稳定生产和中间产品的产率和质量。     

Decomposition of a Lignin Model Compound under Hydrothermal Conditions

Lignin, which is the second most abundant polymeric aromatic organic substance in wood biomass after cellulose, and contains many oxygen‐based functional groups, has been proposed as an alternative source of chemical compounds. Guaiacol, a model compound for lignin, was reacted in supercritical water using a batch‐type reactor at temperatures of 653–673 K and various pressures under an argon atmosphere. The effects of temperature and reaction time at the same pressure were combined into a single severity parameter that was used to monitor the decomposition of guaiacol to its derived compounds. The main products in aqueous solution were catechol, phenol, and o‐cresol. The amounts present approached 40.73 wt %, 14.18 wt %, and 4.45 wt %, respectively. With an increase in the reaction time at the same conditions, the amount of guaiacol decreased and the quantity of derived compounds of guaiacol increased. Based on the experimental results, a reaction mechanism for the decomposition of guaiacol was proposed. The process investigated in this study may form the basis for an efficient method of wood biomass decomposition.     

碱性条件下NaY分子筛水热交换反应的研究

对碱性条件下的分子筛离子水热交换反应进行了研究。结果表明,离子交换反应为吸热反应,交换反应等温线为d型,交换反应为一级反应,表观活化能Ea为10．05kJ／mol。     

煤焦油中粗酚的复合分解生产工艺研究

通常,煤焦油中会含有一定量的酚类化合物,此类化合物可以用于化工生产,且具有较高的附加值。煤焦油中酚类化合物的产出率与煤化工的生产过程、煤质等条件有关。阐述了煤焦油生产粗酚的工艺原理和各类工艺方法,筛选了最佳的工艺方案,并分析了粗酚在工业范围内的应用方式,能够为粗酚的研究和应用提供一定的参考。     

TDI生产过程系统中焦油含量的测定

在参考国内外有关行业资料的基础上,结合TDI的生产实践,探索出TDI生产过程中焦油含量的热重测定方法,有较高的实用价值。     

油页岩干馏油气冷凝回收页岩油的研究

采用间冷回收工艺方法对新疆吉木萨尔油页岩热解干馏油气进行了冷凝回收分析研究,考察了冷凝终温等因素对新疆吉木萨尔油页岩热解干馏油气回收页岩油收率的影响,同时对新疆吉木萨尔油页岩、页岩气和页岩油进行了特征分析,对工业生产具有指导意义。     

Experimental Aspects of Mechanistic Studies on Aqueous Ozone Decomposition in Alkaline Solution

Ozone decomposition in aqueous solution was studied by the stopped - flow method over the pH 10.4 - 13.2 range at 25 ± 0.1 °C and I = 0.5 M NaClO₄. At 260 nm the molar absorptivity of aqueous ozone was determined to be 3135 ± 22 M^?1cm^?1. It was shown that various experimental factors may significantly alter the course of the reaction. Even small amounts of H₂O₂ absorbed by the plastic parts of the stopped-flow instrumént can affect the kinetic features of the reaction for an extended period of time. Under strictly controlled experimental conditions sufficiently reproducible data could be obtained for the decomposition. The data were evaluated by comparing experimental and simulated kinetic traces. A detailed kinetic model was developed which is able to predict the decay and life-time of ozone as well as the formation and decomposition of the ozonide ion radical (O₃ ^?) over the pH 10.4 - 13.2 range.     

Crystallization of Zirconia under Hydrothermal Conditions

Amorphous zirconia gel was hydrothermally treated at 250°C for 1–326 h in water and in NaOH water solution. Changes of the crystallite sizes and shapes were observed using TEM. The nature of these changes seems to be independent of the crystallization environment, but the rate of the process is much faster in the NaOH solution. The mechanism of the crystal growth is suggested.     

利用DCS计算模块实现焦油搅拌的控制

焦油原料槽循环搅拌控制系统结构较复杂,维护量大,我们借助DCS硬件设备,用I/A Series计算模块实现了循环搅拌控制功能。输入/输出以及运行状态都可以在操作站的监视画面自动显示出来,系统维护量很小。     

煤焦油加工项目的综合评价

通过对煤焦油加工项目的产品市场情况，建设规模和经济效益的分析评价，指出焦油加工应该走集中化，规模化的道路。     

焦油管式炉在生产中的使用与维护

焦油管式炉是焦油蒸馏核心设备,贵阳煤气气源厂改造设备完善操作规程、加强管理、使管式炉达到安全,稳定、长周期运行,同时降低成本,提高经济效益。     

DMF回收系统焦油塔操作条件的实验研究

实验测定了不同压力温度条件下DMF水溶液的水解度，分析总结了DMF水溶液的酸度及DMF的水解度随压力温度的下降而下降的变化规律，为DMF焦油塔的减压操作改造方案研究提供了实验依据：研究了二甲胺含量对焦油塔喂料酸度及DMF水解度的影响，归纳了焦油塔喂料酸度随二甲胺加入比例的增加而减小的变化规律，为焦油塔的常压优化改造方案研究提供了新思路。     

使用未洗三混作为工业萘生产原料的效果

应用现有装置,把未洗三混直接作为工业萘原料。     

蒸馏-色谱法测定煤焦油中的萘含量

针对煤焦油含萘测试方法存在的问题，开发了蒸馏-色谱分析法，该法准确度高、操作简单，适用于生产在线控制。     

纯苯釜残液和酸焦油的综合利用

苯在深加工过程中的纯苯釜残液和酸焦油等废物污染环境，而用它作原料生产石油树脂可变废为宝。用该产品做橡胶加工助剂取得了良好的效果，从而取代了古马隆。     

绿色化学在焦油加工过程中的应用研究

考察了超临界技术、微波技术等绿色化学技术在煤焦油分离和深加工过程中的应用情况,利用超临界CO2对焦油进行分离可以获得与常规分离相类似的结果,分离过程高效、低耗。讨论了温度和压力对分离过程的影响。认为清洁、高效的绿色化学技术是有机化学、化工的发展方向,在煤焦油化学领域开展固体酸催化剂、离子型液体、超临界流体技术的研究对拓展研究方向具有重要意义。     

Degradation of Aqueous Phenol and Chlorinated Phenols by Ozone

The degradation of phenol and its chlorinated derivatives with ozone is studied. The studied compounds are phenol (Ph), 4-chlorophenol (4-CPh) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCPh). The kinetic performances of each phenolic compound and their model mixture are examined. The pH influence on the decomposition dynamics for different phenolic compounds in the range 2–12 is investigated. The increase of the decomposition rate under increasing pH was observed. In the pH range studied, phenol and chlorophenols ozonation proceeds rapidly. The UV absorbency is used for the preliminary control of the degree of decomposition. The HPLC analysis is used to identify intermediates and final products formed during ozonation. It is shown that the basic intermediates are muconic and fumaric acids, malonic and maleic acids, catechol and hydroquinone. The final products are oxalic acid and formic acid. In the case of alkaline media, the principal final product is oxalic acid. Furthermore, intermediates and final decomposition products obtained at different pH are compared. According to the results obtained, the possible mechanism of ozonation by the reaction of hydroxylation and dechloration in the early stage is proposed. The BOD₅/COD ratio is used as a biodegradability measure for the comparison of biodegradability of initial compounds and final products composition.     

测定轻煤焦油中酚的含量

测定轻质煤焦油中"酚"的含量,然后加入适量的甲醛处理,经碱洗,氧化等单元操作,制取重柴油。考察了最佳的反应温度,反应配比,催化剂用量,反应时间等操作条件。实验采用的压力为8 kPa,截取260℃之前的馏分,馏出量约为原料量的50%;甲醛精制反应中酚醛的最佳摩尔比为1∶0.8;反应最佳温度为90℃;催化剂为20%的NaOH溶液,用量为煤焦油的1%;总反应时间2 h。     

Low-temperature catalytic conversion of lignite: 3. Tar reforming using the supported potassium carbonate

Alumina-supported K₂CO₃–LaMn_0.8Cu_0.2O₃ was investigated for the catalytic conversion of tar, produced from lignite, into syngas under inert and steam-reforming conditions. A double-bubble fluidized bed reactor system, equipped with a micro gas chromatograph and a collecting system to analyze permanent gases and condensable species, was developed to screen the catalytic conversion of tar components below 700 °C. The redox properties of catalysts, estimated by hydrogen temperature programmed reduction analyses, were correlated with their catalytic performance in tar conversion. The synthesized catalyst effectively converted tars into hydrogen-rich syngas and also improved tar reforming by inhibiting coke deposition.