聚合物电纺纤维的研究进展

静电纺丝(简称电纺)技术是一种制备聚合物纳米纤维的新方法,它可制备出直径为纳米级的超细纤维,最小直径可至1 nm。电纺法制备聚合物纳米纤维具有设备简单、操作容易、成本低廉以及高效等优点,它是目前能直接连续制备聚合物纳米纤维的有效方法。本文介绍了电纺过程、原理及影响纤维性能的主要因素,综述了电纺技术在生物医学材料,复合增强纤维,无机纳米纤维等方面的应用进展,最后对电纺技术在制备聚合物纳米纤维方面的发展前景作出了展望。     

气流-静电纺丝法制备苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚超细纤维

采用75%四氢呋喃(THF)和25%N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合溶液作溶剂,通过气流-静电纺丝法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)超细纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM),研究了溶液浓度、电压、接收距离(喷丝孔到接收板的距离)、喷丝孔内径对静电纺纤维的直径和形貌的影响。研究发现:溶液浓度对电纺纤维的直径和形貌有非常重要的影响,当溶液浓度由10%增加到18%时,电纺纤维平均直径随之成线性增加;当电压由23.8kV增加到33.8kV时,纤维平均直径先减小后增加。最佳工艺条件为:溶液质量分数为14%,电压为28.8kV,接收距离为20cm,喷丝孔内径为0.27mm,所得SBS电纺超细纤维平均直径为429nm。     

丙烯腈系纤维

20056090 静电纺制造连续纳米纤维 Fennessey S．F．…;Annual Technical Conference,2003． 61 st(Vol．3),P．3766(英) 静电纺是生产纤维的一种方法,它依靠静电力生产 纤维,纤维的直径范围为10nm至数μm。从DMF (二甲基甲酰胺)溶液制备聚丙烯腈(PAN)非织造 布纳米纤维网,其目的是制造碳纳米纤维增强复合 材料。在8-16kV下从10％-15％(wt)溶液静电纺可     

静电纺丝技术在制备锂离子电池电极的应用

锂离子二次电池由于具有容量大、寿命长、无环境污染、使用安全等优点,已广泛应用于移动电话、笔记本电脑等便携式电器中。静电纺丝技术是一种超细纤维的制备方法,本文对电纺装置进行了介绍,还介绍了锂离子电池电极材料的种类、用电纺方法制备的不同电极材料的性能,并对用电纺技术制备电极材料的发展进行了展望。     

化纤概况

TQ34020121001人造和生物聚合物静电纺纳米纤维在技术、材料和应用上的进展Agarwal Seema…;Advanced Functional Materials,2009,19(18),p.2863(英)静电纺纳米纤维的快速发展已从实验室中的奇品向高度多样化的加工方法转变且品种宽广的材料已加工成多姿多态的工业用纳米纤维或纳米垫材,     

丙烯腈系纤维

20123105作为碳纤维生产原材料的聚丙烯腈纤维的结构和热性能Sviridov A.A.…;Fibre Chemistry,2009,41(4),p.236(英)通过X-射线衍射、差示扫描量热法、热重分析研究用于制造碳纤维的3种聚丙烯腈纤维样品。发现使用硫氢酸盐方法纺制的聚丙烯腈纤维给出较小的结晶尺寸,而共聚物的组成对热失重参数有影响。(汪兴华)聚丙烯腈原丝碳纤维分子结构分析方法20123106静电纺聚丙烯腈-氯化铁纳米复合纤维的结构、     

静电纺纳米非织造材料及其应用

静电纺丝技术可制备出直径为纳米级纤维的非织造材料。本文综述了静电纺丝的发展过程、基本原理和研究现状，主要介绍了静电纺纳米非织造材料及其应用和展望。     

同轴静电纺多级微纳米纤维膜的制备及其相变调温性能

为开发适宜人体温度的相变调温纺织品,采用同轴静电纺丝的方法将聚乙二醇(PEG)作为芯层封装在氮化硼(BN)增强的聚丙烯腈(PAN)壳层中,制备出氮化硼/聚丙烯腈/聚乙二醇(BN/PAN/PEG)复合相变纤维。研究了相变材料配比及BN浓度对纺丝膜形貌、热性能的影响,并对纤维膜进行热成像分析、热重分析表。结果表明:PEG1500与PEG1000-2在量比为6∶1时,复合相变材料的相变温度为36.4 ℃,满足人体温度舒适度要求;BN的质量分数为9%时,复合相变材料的热导响应性和储热效果最好。     

静电纺纳米纤维集合体力学性能增强的研究现状

介绍了静电纺纳米单纤维结构调控及静电纺纳米纤维集合体力学性能增强的研究现状,并对今后提高静电纺纳米纤维材料力学性能的研究提出建议.静电纺纳米单纤维结构调控因素包括纺丝溶液性质、纺丝参数、环境因素等.静电纺纳米纤维集合体包括纳米纤维束及纳米纤维膜,纳米纤维束力学性能的增强方法包括热拉伸法、加捻法和化学法,纳米纤维膜力学性...     

静电纺丝技术在生物医用材料领域的应用

简要介绍了静电纺丝技术的基本原理及其发展历程。从组织工程支架、医用敷料、载药系统方面综述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在生物医用领域的具体应用,总结了这些领域的发展现状,展望了未来我国医用纺织材料的发展方向。指出静电纺丝技术存在可用于电纺的聚合物种类不够多、纺丝速度慢、批量工业化生产还有许多工艺技术需要完善等不足之处,但对于静电纺纳米纤维的微观形貌、直径、力学性能及材料的生物相容性的研究,已取得成效,静电纺丝仍会成为制备医用材料最为广泛的技术之一。     

Porous Electrospun PES/PEG Ultrafine Fibers for the Removal of Endocrine Disruptors

In this work, porous polyethersulfone (PES)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) ultrafine fibers were prepared via electrospinning technique, and then were used to removing endocrine disrupters from their aqueous solutions. The surface and the internal structures of PES/PEG ultrafine fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the result showed that they were both porous. The porous electrospun PES/PEG ultrafine fibers can remove endocrine disrupters such as biphenyl A (BPA) and biphenyl (BP) effectively. Compared with pure PES ultrafine fibers, PES/PEG ultrafine fibers showed larger adsorption capacity and faster kinetics of uptaking target species. The hydrophilic properties and the porosity of porous PES/PEG ultrafine fibers can be controlled by adding hydrophilic materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), which can improve the adsorption properties of porous PES/PEG ultrafine fibers significantly. The results showed that porous electrospun PES/PEG ultrafine fibers had the potential to be used in environmental application and water treatment.     

Electrospinning of poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) fibrous tissue engineering scaffolds in two different electric fields

Poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was electrospun into ultrafine fibrous nonwoven mats. Different from the conventional electrospinning process, which involves a positively charged conductive needle and a grounded fiber collector (i.e., positive voltage (PV) electrospinning), pseudo‐negative voltage (NV) electrospinning, which adopted a setup such that the needle was grounded and the fiber collector was positively charged, was investigated for making ultrafine PHBV fibers. For pseudo‐NV electrospinning, the effects of various electrospinning parameters on fiber morphology and diameter were assessed systematically. The average diameters of PHBV fibers electrospun via pseudo‐NVs were compared with those of PHBV fibers electrospun via PVs. With either PV electrospinning or pseudo‐NV electrospinning, the average diameters of electrospun fibers ranged between 500 nm and 4 μm, and they could be controlled by varying the electrospinning parameters. The scientific significance and technological implication of fiber formation by PV electrospinning and pseudo‐NV electrospinning in the field of tissue engineering were discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Structure and properties of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polycarbonate membranes after hot‐press

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/polycarbonate (PC) dispersed solutions were electrospun into ultrafine core/shell fibers and modified by hot‐press. Morphology, tensile properties, porosity, and liquid absorption of the electrospun membranes as well as the crystallinity of PVDF were examined before and after hot‐press. Results showed that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the electrospun membranes increased after hot‐press, especially when poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or benzyl triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) was introduced for the formation of distinct core/shell fiber structure. The elongation of the hot‐pressed electrospun PVDF/PC membrane with addition of BTEAC was also significantly enhanced by reason of the clearest core/shell structure. The crystallinity of PVDF did not change too much before and after hot‐press, however the porosity and liquid absorption of the hot‐pressed electrospun membranes decreased to about 58% and around 75–90%, respectively, with no significant differences between PVDF/PC, PVDF/PC/PMMA, and PVDF/PC with BTEAC membranes. This study could be an example of electrospun membranes in multi‐polymer components and it could be extended to other systems of electrospinning for applications in filtration and so on. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Electrospinning of sodium alginate with poly(ethylene oxide)

Another natural biopolymer, sodium alginate, has been electrospun from aqueous solution by blending with a non-toxic, biocompatible, synthetic polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The interaction between sodium alginate and PEO has been evidenced by FTIR and conductivity change, which is thought to be the main reason for the successful electrospinning. The solution properties of sodium alginate/PEO blends have been measured, including viscosity, conductivity and surface tension. The morphology and mechanical properties of the electrospun mats have been investigated. Smooth fibers with diameters around 250 nm are obtained from 3% solutions of varied alginate/PEO proportions ranging from 1:1 to 0:1. Tensile strength around 4 MPa is found with smooth fiber mats. The anti-water property of the electrospun mats has been improved by a combination of hexamethylene diisocyanate and aqueous calcium chloride cross-linkings.     

Effect of hot‐press on electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was electrospun into ultrafine fibrous membranes from its solutions in a mixture of N,N‐dimethylformamide and acetone (9:1, v/v). The electrospun membranes were subsequently treated by continuous hot‐press at elevated temperatures up to 155°C. Changes of morphology, crystallinity, porosity, liquid absorption, and mechanical properties of the membranes after hot‐press were investigated. Results of scanning electron microscopy showed that there were no significant changes in fibrous membrane morphology when the hot‐press temperature varied from room temperature to 130°C, but larger pores were formed because of fibers melting and bonding under higher temperatures. Analyses of X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter exhibited that the crystalline form of PVDF could transfer from β‐type to α‐type during hot‐press at temperatures higher than 65°C. Tensile tests suggested that the mechanical properties of the electrospun PVDF membranes were remarkably enhanced from 25 to 130°C, whereas the porosity and the liquid absorption decreased. The hot‐press at 130°C was optimal for the electrospun PVDF membranes. The continuous hot‐press post‐treatment could be a feasible method to produce electrospun membranes, not limited to PVDF, with suitable mechanical properties as well as good porosity and liquid absorption for their applications in high‐quality filtrations or battery separators. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Implication of stable jet length in electrospinning for collecting well-aligned ultrafine PLLA fibers

Stable jet based electrospinning (SJES) has recently emerged as a straight-forward approach for the continuous fabrication of well-aligned ultrafine fibers and fiber assemblies. This article reports on the influences of some pivotal solution parameters including solvent, polymer molecular weight, and concentration on the formation of a stable jet length (SJL) in electrospinning of a biodegradable polymer, poly(l-lactide acid) (PLLA). Our results reveal that enhanced critical SJL can be achieved at lower solvent dielectric constant and higher viscoelasticity of solutions contributed by the molecular weight and concentration, beneficial for achieving higher degree of fiber alignment. Moreover, hierarchical orderliness including the macroscopic fiber alignment, the elongation along the fiber direction of microscopic pores on the fiber surface and the molecular orientation within the electrospun PLLA fibers, can be modulated by the SJL. The molecular orientation and crystallinity of the aligned PLLA fibers from SJES increased with increasing the SJLs. Also, the measured tensile properties data suggest a positive trend associated with the SJL. This study thus allows establishing a solid correlation of SJL with respect to the macroscopic alignment, internal molecular structural development, and mechanical performance of the electrospun ultrafine PLLA fibers pertaining to the SJES.     

Preparation of electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone scaffolds using nontoxic ethylene carbonate and glacial acetic acid solvent system

In recent years, solution electrospinning has attracted the interest of researchers due to the possibility to design nanofibrous scaffolds with large surface area to volume ratios. Polycaprolactone (PCL), because of its biocompatibility and easy processability, has been widely used to develop electrospun structures for tissue engineering. However, the use of organic solvents and the poor PCL solution stability still hinder the development of the solution electrospinning process. The relatively benign glacial acetic acid (GAC) as a solvent of PCL was used to fabricate microfibrous fibers or beaded fibers. Thus, ethylene carbonate (EC) as a nontoxic assistant solvent was added to the PCL/GAC solution to successfully fabricate electrospun nanofibrous PCL scaffolds. The stability of the PCL/GAC/EC solution system was demonstrated as the viscosity, which showed no significant change during 48 h. The ultrafine PCL fiber diameter decreased as EC concentration was increased from 0 to 9 vol% and started to slightly increase when EC concentration increased beyond 9 vol%. MTT assay evidenced that MC3T3-E1 cells on the nanofibrous PCL scaffolds exhibited a better enhancement on cell proliferation. In summary, EC was added in PCL/GAC to establish a stable and low toxic solution electrospinning system, which provides promising strategy in tissue engineering field. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48387.     

Effect of modified ZnO nanoparticle on the properties of polylactide ultrafine fibers

Zinc oxide (ZnO) was modified with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to obtain hydrophobicity and used to reinforce polylactide (PLA), an environmentally friendly polymer. The PLA/HDTMS-modified ZnO (m-ZnO) nanocomposite prepared by adding m-ZnO to the PLA matrix was fabricated into ultrafine fiber using electrospinning. Neat PLA and PLA/ZnO were used for comparisons. Structural analysis of the nanoparticles proved that the ZnO was modified successfully, and that the modification affected dispersibility and hydrophobicity, as observed by morphological, visual, and water repellency tests. The morphological analysis of the electrospun ultrafine fabrics under suitable conditions confirmed that the nanoparticles were well incorporated, and the desired functional changes were observed. Measurement of water repellency and mechanical, thermal properties were used to analyze the effect of nanoparticle modification and composition on fabrics. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47446.     

Solvent-resistant ultrafine nonwoven fibrous membranes by ultraviolet-assisted electrospinning of organo-soluble photosensitive polyimide resin

An ultraviolet-assisted electrospinning (UVAES) method was investigated to improve the solvent stability of soluble polyimide (PI) electrospun ultrafine fibrous membranes (UFMs) to assist in the development of fibrous polymeric materials with improved resistance to harsh environmental conditions and to expand the potential applications for such soft filaments. A preimidized soluble negative photosensitive polyimide (PSPI) was synthesized via an one-step thermal polycondensation from 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and 1,1′-bis(4-amino-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-(3′-trifluoromethylphenyl)methane (TFMDA). The PI resin was then fabricated into UFMs by both conventional electrospinning (ES) and UVAES with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent. During spinning, photo crosslinking reaction occurred, accompanied by simultaneous micro-jets of PI-UV ultrafine fibers in the UVAES procedure. This created fibers that were thermally stable at higher than 500°C, reflection over 77% of the 457-nm- wavelength light, whiteness index (WI) higher than 83, and enhanced solvent resistance in DMAc. Generally speaking, compared with the PI UFMs fabricated by conventional ES procedure, the PI-UV UFMs obtained by the newly-developed UVAES procedure showed much superior solvent resistance, comparable thermal stability, slightly decreased optical reflectance and WI values, and reduced fiber diameters. These properties are of great value to future applications in microelectronics and wearable technology.     

Hydraulic permeabilities of PET and nylon 6 electrospun fiber webs

The morphological and hydraulic properties of electrospun fiber webs were investigated and compared with those of spunbond nonwoven fabrics. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), hydrophobic polymer, and nylon 6, with some hydrophilic groups (amide groups), were used as the polymer materials to prepare spunbonds and electrospun fiber webs. The water permeabilities of PET and nylon 6 spunbonds followed the Darcy's law, but those of PET and nylon 6 electrospun fiber webs showed properties that deviated from the Darcy's law. On the other hand, the wicking phenomenon was observed in both nylon 6 spunbond and electrospun fiber webs, but no such phenomenon was observed in PET spunbond and electrospun fiber webs. The water vapor transport rates of PET and nylon 6 electrospun fiber webs were higher than those of PET and nylon 6 spunbonds. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 167–177, 2006