添加WC改善Ni3Al的焊接性能

Ni3Al金属间化合物是一种潜在的高温结构材料的耐磨材料，由于含有较多易氧化元素，它的焊接性能一直未得到有效的解决。本文研究了WC／Ni3Al复合材料焊条中的WC含量对焊接性能的影响。当焊条中不含WC时，Al大量被氧化，形成球形氧物夹杂，焊接表面沿夹杂／基体界面出现细微裂纹。当焊条中含质量分数5％WC时，WC溶解，析出W2C，部分Al被氧化，基体转化成Ni3(AlTi)C，形成碳化物包裹氧化物／金属间化合物的复合材料。当焊条中的WC含量升高达到30％时，由于溶解C的保护作用，焊层中的Al不被氧化，可获得无裂纹的焊接面，形成碳化物／金属间化合物复合材料。     

添加WC改善Ni3Al的焊接性能

Ni3Al金属间化合物是一种潜在的高温结构材料和耐磨材料,由于含有较多易氧化元素,它的焊接性能一直未得到有效的解决.本文研究了WC/Ni3Al复合材料焊条中的WC含量对焊接性能的影响.当焊条中不含WC时,Al大量被氧化,形成球形氧化物夹杂,焊接表面沿夹杂/基体界面出现细微裂纹.当焊条中含质量分数5%WC时,WC溶解,析出W2C,部分Al被氧化,基体转化成Ni3(AlTi)C,形成碳化物包裹氧化物/金属间化合物的复合材料.当焊条中的WC含量升高达到30%时,由于溶解C的保护作用,焊层中的Al不被氧化,可获得无裂纹的焊接面,形成碳化物/金属间化合物复合材料.     

无压渗透制备金属间化合物陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展

介绍了目前国内外使用无压渗透制备金属间化合物陶瓷基复合材料几个系列：FeAl／TiC、NiAl、Ni3AL／TiC、FeAl/WC和Ni3Al/WC。     

等离子堆焊Ni基合金粉末熔覆层性能研究

采用等离子堆焊技术在Q235钢表面分别堆焊Ni-W-C合金粉末和M—Cr—Mn系复合粉末熔覆层。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、C射线衍射仪（XRD）及磨损试验机对两种镍基合金熔覆层的微观组织及耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明，Ni-w．c合金粉末熔覆层显微组织主要为γ-Ni，Cr7C3，WC，（Ni，Fe）3（B，C）等，Ni-Cr-W-Mn系复合粉末熔覆层显微组织主要为γ-Ni，γ-（Ni，Fe），WC，W2C，Mn31Si12，Cr23C6，Cr3C3，NiB，Ni2B等。Ni-Cr-W-Mn系复合粉末较Ni-W-C合金粉末熔覆层耐磨性提高近10倍。Ni-Cr-W-Mn系复合粉末熔覆层通过多元素固溶强化及生成大量金属间化合物提高了熔覆层的硬度及耐磨性。     

Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织和室温耐磨性

采用药芯焊丝法制得Ni-Al-Cr3C2复合焊丝,将该焊丝堆焊于工件表面,在堆焊过程中,利用氩弧物理热和Ni-Al反应热,Ni与Al化合反应生成Ni3Al金属间化合物,Cr3C2则发生分解,除少部分[C]与[Cr]固溶于Ni3Al基体中外,大部分反应重新析出细小的Cr3C2相,均匀地分布于Ni3Al基体中.室温磨粒磨损和微动磨损实验结果表明,Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的耐磨性为Stellite12合金的2倍左右,较高的硬度、高的碳化物体积分数以及碳化物与Ni3Al基体间良好的界面结合力是Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料耐磨性优良的主要原因.     

Cr3C2/Ni3Al表面耐磨堆焊材料的焊接性

Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料是一种极具潜力的高温表面耐磨堆焊材料,焊接性对于该材料的推广应用至关重要.将真空烧结制得的Cr3 C2-NiAl-Ni焊条堆焊于碳钢和耐热钢表面,可形成无焊接裂纹的Cr3 C2/Ni3Al复合材料堆焊层,表明Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料具有良好的焊接性,适于作为铁基材料表面耐磨堆焊材料推广应用.分析认为,Cr3 C2/Ni3 Al复合材料具有良好焊接性的原因在于:(1)焊接过程中,Cr3 C2发生溶解再析出,熔池中的C优先被氧化,保护了Al的氧化.(2)从铁基材料基材中扩散入到焊层中的Fe元素和Cr3 C2溶解而固溶于焊层中的Cr元素有效地改善了Ni3 Al基体的焊接性.     

Ni+Al元素粉末法制备WC-Ni3Al-B复合材料(英文)

为发展WC-Ni3Al-B复合材料的液相烧结制备技术,研究由羰基Ni粉、分析纯Al粉和粗WC粉的混合粉末反应合成制备的WC+Ni3Al预合金粉末。采用DSC和XRD分别研究3Ni+Al和70%WC+(3Ni+Al)混合粉末在550～1200°C和25～1400°C温度范围的相变过程。结果表明:Ni3Al相的形成取决于反应温度。在200～660°C热处理温度范围内,除了WC相外,还存在Ni2Al3、NiAl和Ni3Al相;而在660～1100°C温度范围内,仅存在NiAl和Ni3Al相;在1100～1200°C温度范围可以获得均匀的WC+Ni3Al预合金粉末混合物。采用该预合金粉末制备的WC-30%(Ni3Al-B)复合材料具有很高的致密度,且WC晶粒呈圆形。与普通商用YGR45(WC-30%(Co-Ni-Cr))相比,WC-30%(Ni3Al-B)复合材料具有更高的硬度(9.7GPa),低的抗弯强度(1800MPa)和相近的断裂韧性(18MPa.m1/2)。     

无压渗透制备金属间化合物陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展

介绍了目前国内外使用无压渗透制备金属间化合物陶瓷基复合材料几个系列：FeAl/TiC、NiAl、Ni_3Al/TiC、FeAl/WC和Ni_3Al/WC。     

Fe对NiAl金属间化合物光束堆焊层成形及组织结构的影响

采用X射线衍射、SEM、EDS等分析方法，研究了铁元素对光束堆焊合成NiAl金属间化合物层的成形和组织结构的影响规律。结果表明，光束堆焊镍铝混合粉制备NiAl金属间化合物层时，NiAl的高熔点导致堆焊层成形困难。在镍铝混合粉中加入适量铁粉（11at％～28at％）可以降低堆焊合金体系的熔点、改善堆焊层成形。随着铁粉加入量的增加，堆焊层的稀释率呈现先增加后降低的趋势，过多的铁粉加入量（43at％）将使熔池金属不能润湿母材。铁元素的引入使堆焊层中析出了Fe3Al相，随着堆焊层中含Fe量的增加，Fe3Al的析出量增加，堆焊层的微观组织为NiAl柱状晶和柱状晶间的Fe3Al条状相。     

Ni-Al系金属间化合物光束堆焊层的成形及析出相特征

采用X射线衍射、SEM、EDXS及显微硬度等方法，研究了光束堆焊Ni，Al混合粉末制备的金属间化合物涂层的成形和微观组织特征．结果表明，堆焊层的成形与堆焊材料的比热容量和熔点有关．采用Al含量(原子分数)高于50％或不超过25％的堆焊材料，均可获得成形良好的光束堆焊层，但Al含量过高将使堆焊金属的致密度降低．当堆焊材料中Al含量为50％-75％时，堆焊层全部由金属间化合物(Al1.1Ni0.9，Al3Ni2和Al3Ni)组成；当采用富Ni堆焊材料(不超过25％Al)时，堆焊层中将析出较多的γ-Ni固溶体，得到由γ-Ni和Ni3Al金属间化合物组成的显微组织；而采用富Al堆焊材料(80％Al)将导致堆焊层中析出大量Q—Al，其显微组织为在α—Al (α—Al Al3Ni)亚共晶基底上分布有Al3Ni2金属间化合物相．     

Ni3Al基复合材料的组织与性能

通过机械法将ＮｉＡｌ粉、Ｎｉ粉ＷＣ粉混合后烧结，堆焊制备成Ｎｉ３Ａｌ＋ＷＣ复合材料。研究结果表明，该复合材料在堆焊过程中，可促使大部分ＷＣ不溶入熔池而直接以颗粒状分布于Ｎｉ３Ａｌ基体上，在ＷＣ的抗磨特性和基体的抗汽蚀性能联合作用下，使该复合材料具有高的硬度及较好的抗汽蚀和抗水砂磨损的性能。     

Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Ni(Al)-Reinforced Nanocomposite Plasma Spray Coatings

The mechanical and tribological behavior and microstructural evolutions of the Ni(Al)-reinforced nanocomposite plasma spray coatings were studied. At first, the feedstock Ni(Al)-15 wt.% (Al₂O₃-13% TiO₂) nanocomposite powders were prepared using low-energy mechanical milling of the pure Ni and Al powders as well as Al₂O₃-13% TiO₂ nanoparticle mixtures. The characteristics of the powder particles and the prepared coatings depending on their microstructures were examined in detail. The results showed that the feedstock powders after milling contained only α-Ni solid solution with no trace of the intermetallic phase. However, under the air plasma spraying conditions, the NiAl intermetallic phase in the α-Ni solid solution matrix appeared. The lack of nickel aluminide formation during low-energy ball milling is beneficial hence, the exothermic reaction can occur between Ni and Al during plasma spraying, improving the adhesive strength of the nanocomposite coatings. The results also indicated that the microhardness of the α-Ni phase was 3.91 ± 0.23 GPa and the NiAl intermetallic phase had a mean microhardness of 5.69 ± 0.12 GPa. The high microhardness of the nanocomposite coatings must be due to the presence of the reinforcing nanoparticles. Due to the improvement in mechanical properties, the Ni(Al) nanocomposite coatings showed significant modifications in wear resistance with low frictional coefficient.     

氧乙炔火焰喷焊镍基复合涂层的显微组织和腐蚀性能研究

目的 研究Ni60和Ni60WC喷焊涂层的显微组织、防腐和耐磨性能及其腐蚀机理,为恶劣工况下服役的零件选择合适的喷焊涂层提供参考.方法 采用氧乙炔火焰喷焊工艺在16Mn钢基体上制备Ni60和Ni60WC涂层,用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了喷焊涂层的相结构和显微组织,并采用电化学工作站、盐雾腐蚀试验机、磨粒磨损试验机测试了两种喷焊涂层的防腐和耐磨性能.结果 喷焊层与基体间都存在冶金结合层和热影响区,Ni60涂层的显微组织为NiCr固溶体基体上弥散分布着大量细小粒状和杆状碳化物和硼化物.Ni60WC喷焊涂层组织中,除了具有与Ni60涂层类似的基体相和细颗粒硬质相外,还较均匀地分布着不同尺寸的WC颗粒.Ni60和Ni60WC涂层的磨损率分别为16Mn钢的8.3％和2.3％,自腐蚀电流密度分别为16Mn钢的1.0％和7.6％.另外,基体相和硬质相之间的电偶腐蚀是两种镍基喷焊涂层的主要腐蚀机理.结论 这两种镍基喷焊涂层均能显著提高16Mn钢的抗磨和防腐性能,其中,Ni60喷焊涂层耐腐蚀性更好,Ni60WC喷焊涂层耐磨损性能更好.     

Formation of NiAl Intermetallic Compound by Cold Spraying of Ball-Milled Ni/Al Alloy Powder Through Postannealing Treatment

Ni/Al alloy powders were synthesized by ball milling of nickel-aluminum powder mixture with a Ni/Al atomic ratio of 1:1. Ni/Al alloy coating was deposited by cold spraying using N₂ as accelerating gas. NiAl intermetallic compound was evolved in situ through postspray annealing treatment of cold-sprayed Ni/Al alloy coating. The effect of annealing temperature on the phase transformation behavior from Ni/Al mechanical alloy to intermetallics was investigated. The microstructure of the mechanically alloying Ni/Al powder and NiAl coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that a dense Ni/Al alloy coating can be successfully deposited by cold spraying using the mechanically alloyed powder as feedstocks. The as-sprayed alloy coating exhibited a laminated microstructure retained from the mechanically alloying powder. The annealing of the subsequent Ni/Al alloy coating at a temperature higher than 850 °C leads to complete transformation from Ni/Al alloy to NiAl intermetallic compound.     

Formation of NiAl intermetallic by gradual and explosive exothermic reaction mechanism during ball milling

NiAl intermetallic has been produced by mechanical alloying in a high energy vibrator mill using elemental Ni and Al powder mixture. The NiAl powders were formed in two ways. One by a gradual exothermic reaction mechanism during a long time continuous milling and the other by explosive exothermic reaction mechanism that occurred when opening the milling vessel to the air atmosphere after a short time milling. Prolonged milling for both cases resulted in change of morphology and refinement of grain size down to nano scale.     

激光重熔Ni基WC涂层的组织与性能研究

研究了45钢为基体的Ni基WC涂层经激光重熔后形成涂层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性.结果表明:涂层经激光重熔处理后,WC颗粒部分分解形成W_2C,同时形成新的硬质相和共晶组织.涂层中包含γ固溶体和W_2C、Ni_3B、Cr_73、Cr_(23)C_6和(Fe,Ni)_(23)C_6等化合物;有效地改善了涂层的性能.     

等离子喷焊镍基合金耐磨性能研究

采用等离子弧喷焊技术在不同转弧电流下喷焊DG.Ni60A和DG.Ni60WC25两种镍基合金粉末,对各喷焊层进行了硬度和耐磨性分析。试验结果表明,转弧电流大小对喷焊镍基合金层的耐磨性影响较大,喷焊DG.Ni60A合金粉末时,转弧电流为100 A时的试样磨损量为0.090 57 g,转弧电流为150 A时的试样磨损量高达1.116 17 g,相差10余倍。喷焊DG.Ni60WC25合金粉末时,转弧电流为100 A时的磨损失质量仅为0.018 83 g,转弧电流为200 A时的磨损失质量高达0.744 97 g,相差约40倍。镍基合金中加入WC,在一定条件下可以提高喷焊层的耐磨性能;转弧电流为150 A时,未添加WC硬质相的DG.Ni60A合金粉末喷焊层的磨损失质量高达1.116 17 g,而添加了WC硬质相的DG.Ni60WC25合金粉末磨损失质量为0.018 83～0.744 97 g。     

Improvement of wear resistance of wire drawing rolls with Cr-Ni-B-Si + WC thermal spraying powders

In wire drawing process, wear of rolls must be considered because of wear that influences the economics of the forming process. In this study, a nickel based matrix reinforced with WC was deposited by low cost powder welding method on low carbon steel substrates in order to determine the wear resistance of wire drawing rolls. Powder welding method includes, contrary to plasma and high velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying methods, the advantages such as the single operation of powder application-fusion, simplicity, cheapness, and the ease of application. Blends of NiCrBSi and WC powders were prepared in weight proportions of WC of 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, and 60%, respectively. Wear performance of these coatings was investigated by the dry sliding wear experiments. The wear resistance of the metal matrix composite coatings is dependent on the amount of WC. From 40% to 60%, the increase of WC is very effective on the wear resistance. The coatings with 55% and 60% of WC were worn less than the other coatings. From 55% to 60%, further increase of WC was found not to be effective for the best wear resistance. The microscopic studies of WC particles and Ni-based matrix were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM analysis on the worn surface of coated samples shows that the matrix is considerably worn while WC particles are not considerably worn at the beginning of the wear testing. Additionally, WC particles effectively provide protection for achievement of the wear resistance at advanced periods of the wear testing.