高岭土加入量对合成轻质微孔莫来石性能的影响

以高岭土、工业氧化铝、硅石粉为起始原料,采用湿法共磨,注浆成型,利用高岭石热分解过程中形成一次莫来石及高活性的无定形SiO2,合成高纯轻质微孔莫来石.研究了高岭土加入量及煅烧温度对轻质莫来石体积密度与莫来石生成量的影响.结果表明,随配比中高岭土加入量的增加,莫来石的体积密度有下降的趋势,且有利于莫来石相含量的提高.高的煅烧温度虽能增加莫来石相的生成量,但不利于莫来石合成料的轻质化,适宜的煅烧温度为1450℃.     

采用微孔CA6-MA骨料的Al2O3-CaO-MgO轻质浇注料的性能

以自合成的微孔CA6-MA颗粒(8～5、5～3、3～1 mm)为骨料,以速烧刚玉粉(≤0.074、≤0.043 mm)、α-Al2O3微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥为粉料,经配料、混练、振动成型、养护、烘干后,分别在1 000、1 200、1 400、1 600℃保温3 h热处理,检测热处理后试样的永久线变化、显气孔率、体积密度、常温抗折强度、常温耐压强度、热态抗折强度和热导率,并分析其显微结构。结果表明:1)试样在1 600℃热处理后的永久线变化为1.14%,1 600℃热处理后试样的显气孔率为59.84%,体积密度为1.51 g.cm-3,常温抗折强度为2.7 MPa,常温耐压强度为7.3 MPa,1 400℃的热态抗折强度为1.4 MPa,1 000℃的热导率为0.219 W.m-1.K-1;2)1 600℃热处理后试样基质中有大量片状CA6,骨料和基质之间结合很好。     

煅烧制度对合成轻质微孔莫来石骨料性能的影响

以工业氧化铝、硅石粉为主要原料,采用加入可燃物的方法制备莫来石轻质合成料。根据坯体料的DSC-TG和大试样热重分析设置了不同的煅烧制度,比较了两种煅烧制度:一种为单调升温,然后保温;另一种为在高低两个温度分段保温。研究了两种煅烧制度对合成轻质微孔莫来石骨料莫来石化率及体积密度、气孔率性能的影响。结果表明,无烟煤约在600℃烧失,坯体料自1200℃开始发生莫来石化反应,试样经1350℃×6h热处理后的孔径分布3￣7μm左右,莫来石转化率60%。     

不同轻质骨料对高铝浇注料性能的影响

为了提高轻质高铝浇注料的中高温强度,降低加热永久线变化,研究了体积密度分别为1.54、1.42g·cm-3的2种轻质高强微孔矾土骨料以及体积密度为1.53 g·cml的普通轻质高铝骨料对轻质浇注料110℃24 h烘干、1000℃3h和1400℃3h烧后性能的影响.结果表明:110℃ 24h烘干后,利用体积密度为1.54 g·cm-3的微孔轻质骨料和1.53 g·cm-3的普通轻质高铝骨料所制备的浇注料的体积密度均为1.80g·cm-3左右,轻质骨料体积密度越低,利用其所制备的浇注料体积密度越低,显气孔率越高;轻质骨料内部孔径微小化,可明显提高轻质浇注料各温度处理后的常温耐压强度和常温抗折强度,降低轻质浇注料的加热永久线变化;由于微孔骨料内显气孔率较高,利用其制备的轻质浇注料500℃低温下热导率比普通轻质高铝骨料的高,但在1000 ℃下相差不大,均在0.42 W·m-1·K-1左右.由此可见,轻质高铝骨料内部孔径微小化和Al2O3含量的提高使轻质浇注料的性能更优.     

原料及热处理制度对合成微孔轻质莫来石骨料性能的影响

研制具有优良隔热性能的耐火骨料对开发高性能轻质浇注料有重要作用。以w(α-Al2O3)=95%,w(β-Al2O3)=3%~5%的工业氧化铝A或w(γ-Al2O3)=70%~80%,w(α-Al2O3)=5%~10%,w(三水铝石)=5%~10%的工业氧化铝B,硅石粉为主要原料,采用烧烬可燃物法制备了微孔轻质莫来石骨料,研究了两种具有不同特性的工业氧化铝和不同热处理制度对合成微孔轻质莫来石骨料性能的影响。结果表明:(1)以工业氧化铝B为原料制得的轻质莫来石骨料的体积密度要普遍低于以工业氧化铝A为原料的,且以工业氧化铝B为原料得到的莫来石骨料的常温耐压强度随热处理温度升高而增加。(2)以不同工业氧化铝为原料合成骨料的莫来石的转化率在1500℃之前大致相当,均为60%(w)左右,得到的微孔轻质莫来石骨料的平均孔径约为3~5μm。(3)以γ相为主的工业氧化铝B更适合作原料,合适的热处理制度为1350℃6h。     

Y2O3对高铝粉煤灰合成莫来石的影响

研究了Y2O3和温度对高铝粉煤灰合成莫来石性能、结构、组成和微形貌的影响。结果表明:当到1500℃时,添加物质的量分数为5%Y2O3时,所得试样的显气孔率和吸水率最小,分别为0.53%和0.19%,抗折强度为128.3MPa,相应的莫来石含量达到80.8%;在1500℃的温度条件下,增加Y2O3,试样的抗折强度显著增加。SEM分析表明:Y2O3在低温(1100～1400℃)时促使莫来石形成网状结构,而较高温度(1500℃)时则有利于长柱状莫来石生长;升温过程中,方石英、刚玉相相继消失,莫来石相增加,莫来石经历了短柱状向长柱状生长的过程。     

稀土Y2O3/La2O3对陶瓷高温绿色釉性能的影响

稀土氧化钇(Y2O3)、稀土氧化镧(La2O3)具有不改变釉料颜色、提高釉面光泽度、增强耐磨性,有效消除陶瓷在烧结过程中形成的气泡、针孔、微裂及波纹等作用.本文基于正交实验设计方法研究了 Y2O3、La2O3和绿色釉用量3个因素的变化,根据正交实验表,制备了 9组高温绿色釉面陶瓷样品,通过对烧结后9组样品釉面的表面微观...     

Y2O3-Bi2O3可见光催化降解甲基橙

采用固相合成法制备了Y<,2>O<,3>-Bi<,2>O<,3>复合可见光催化剂,用XRD、DRS对复合催化剂进行了表征.以甲基橙为模拟废水,在日光色镝灯光照下,研究了废水浓度、催化剂投加量、温度、pH等对Y<,2>O<,3>-Bi<,2>O<,3>光催化活性的影响.实验结果表明:在甲基橙质量浓度为20 mg/L、Y<...     

掺杂Y2O3对BaZr0.1Ti0.9O3陶瓷电介质性能的影响

研究了掺杂量不同的Y2O3对BaZr0.1R.9O3微观形貌及介电性能的影响.实验发现:通过XRD物相分析,所有试样均形成典型的钙钛矿结构的主晶相,说明钇掺杂并未改变锆钛酸钡的晶型结构.一定量的Y2O3可抑制晶粒的长大,使晶粒细化,降低气孔率,试样得到致密化.当Y2O3的掺入量为0.05mol％时,试样的介电损耗最小.Y2O3掺杂可提高锫钛酸钡陶瓷居里点处的介电常数,展宽介电温谱,提高材料的实际应用性.     

用磷石膏制轻集料混凝土砌块

以贵州矿磷石膏、云南矿磷石膏和脱硫石膏为原料,通过水化造粒将磷石膏制成粗、细集料,并对粗集料进行必要的水泥包壳处理,再用普通混凝土工艺将其制成轻集料混凝土砌块。结果显示,制备的轻集料混凝土试块磷石膏占比高,具有轻质保温特性,不但抗压强度能达到墙体材料国家标准,还能承受严苛的冻融循环检验,完全符合墙体材料的要求,且能耗低、工艺简便易行,是极具市场潜力的磷石膏利用新技术。     

Effects of V2O5 addition on the synthesis of columnar self-reinforced mullite porous ceramics

Spearhead columnar mullite was synthesized by in-situ reaction with V₂O₅ as additive. When the content of V₂O₅ was 7 wt%, the length of the spearhead columnar mullite was the longest with an aspect ratio of about 3.5. Furthermore, columnar self-reinforced mullite porous ceramics were prepared by a foam-gelcasting method, and the effects of V₂O₅ content on the rheological and gelling properties of mullite slurries as well as the microstructure, physical property and thermal insulation property of the prepared mullite porous ceramics were studied. The results showed that the flexural strength and compressive strength of the porous ceramics with 63% porosity prepared by using 2 wt% V₂O₅ additive were respectively as high as 13.9 and 41.3 MPa, and the thermal conductivity was about 1.04 W m^?1 K^?1.     

Effects of Al2O3 crystal types on morphologies,formation mechanisms of mullite and properties of porous mullite ceramics based on kyanite

Porous mullite ceramics with different crystal shapes of mullite are fabricated by in-situ reaction with middle-grade kyanite as raw material, Al(OH)₃, γ-Al₂O₃, ρ-Al₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃ as alumina sources. Effects of Al₂O₃ crystal types on morphology evolution and formation mechanisms of mullite, and properties of porous ceramics are investigated. Results show that mullite in the sample with Al(OH)₃ mainly shows acicular morphology, because its (001) plane has the minimum interplanar crystal spacing and maximal attachment energy, it grows fast along [001] direction by screw dislocation mechanism. With a successive slowdown in reactivities of Al(OH)₃, γ-Al₂O₃, ρ-Al₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃, the amount and aspect ratio of mullite reduce, its growth mechanism gradually transforms into two-dimensional nucleation. Acicular mullite not only reinforces samples, but makes effective pore sizes smaller, which enable the sample with Al(OH)₃ to present low bulk density, high apparent porosity and linear changes, small average pore size and good mechanical strength.     

木炭添加量对多孔莫来石陶瓷性能的影响

为了改善以木炭为造孔剂的多孔莫来石陶瓷的性能,以烧结莫来石(0.25~0.3 mm)、SiO2微粉、Al2O3微粉、滑石粉、球黏土、膨润土、甲基纤维素、木炭粉(≤0.044 mm)为原料,研究了不同量的木炭粉(外加质量分数分别为0、2%、4%、6%、8%、10%、12%)对多孔莫来石坯体的成型外观、烘干后的常温耐压强度及1 400℃保温3 h热处理后的显气孔率和常温耐压强度的影响,并对不同木炭添加量的多孔莫来石试样进行了显微结构分析。结果表明:外加质量分数≤8%的木炭,制成的多孔莫来石坯体可较好成型;外加质量分数2%~8%木炭的莫来石坯体与不添加木炭的相比,烘干后试样的常温耐压强度明显提高;多孔莫来石热处理后的显气孔率随着木炭添加量的增加而增加,常温耐压强度随之降低。综合考虑多孔莫来石陶瓷各项性能,木炭外加质量分数不宜超过8%。     

Effect of CaCO3 addition on the performance of lightweight Al2O3-MgAl2O4 refractories with gradient density

In this study, to improve the comprehensive performance of lightweight Al₂O₃-MgAl₂O₄ refractories with gradient density, CaCO₃ was added in the matrix to develop platelet structures by adding different amounts (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%). The effect of CaCO₃ addition on the phase composition, microstructure, and properties of lightweight refractories was investigated. The results showed that CaO·6Al₂O₃ and Ca₂Mg₂Al₂₈O₄₆ formed. Meanwhile, platelet structure is distributed at the junction between aggregate and matrix. With the increase of CaCO₃ content, although there were no apparent changes in apparent porosity and bulk density, both the compressive strength and refractoriness under load improved significantly. Furthermore, the results of three-point bending tests showed thermal shock resistance was improved in terms of the value of residual strength ratio from 14.2% to 22.5% for specimens before and after 4 wt% CaCO₃ addition. The findings showed that the introduction of CaCO₃ is feasible and effective for performance improvements of lightweight refractories.     

High-strength lightweight concrete made with scoria aggregate containing mineral admixtures

This paper presents a part of the results of an ongoing laboratory work carried out to design a structural lightweight high strength concrete (SLWHSC) made with and without mineral admixtures. In the mixtures, basaltic-pumice (scoria) was used as lightweight aggregate.A control lightweight concrete mixture made with lightweight basaltic-pumice (scoria) containing normal Portland cement as the binder was prepared. The control lightweight concrete mixture was modified by replacing 20% of the cement with fly ash. The control lightweight concrete mixture was also modified by replacing 10% of the cement with silica fume. A ternary lightweight concrete mixture was also prepared modifying the control lightweight concrete by replacing 20% of cement with fly ash and 10% of cement with silica fume. Two normal weight concrete (NWC) were also prepared for comparison purpose.Fly ash and silica fume are used for economical and environmental concerns. Cylinder specimens with 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height and prismatic specimens with dimension 100×100×500 mm were cast from the fresh mixtures to measure compressive and flexural tensile strength. The concrete samples were cured at 65% relative humidity with 20 °C temperature. The density and slump workability of fresh concrete mixtures were also measured.Laboratory test results showed that structural lightweight concrete (SLWC) can be produced by the use of scoria. However, the use of mineral additives seems to be mandatory for production of SLWHSC. The use of ternary mixture was recommended due to its satisfactory strength development and environmental friendliness.     

Influences of mullite fibers on mechanical and thermal properties of silica-based ceramic cores

Mullite fibers composite silica-based ceramic cores were successfully prepared by injection molding. The effects of mullite fibers on the mechanical and thermal properties of ceramic cores were investigated. The results indicated that the linear shrinkage was significantly decreased and the porosity was gradually increased with the increase of mullite fibers. In addition, the flexural strength for the room temperature and the simulated casting temperature of 1500°C was increased to a maximum value when the content of mullite fibers was about 1 wt.%, and then decreased with the increase of mullite fibers. The mullite fibers of 1 wt.% presented excellent mechanical properties with a linear shrinkage of .65%, a porosity of 6.96%, and a flexural strength of 17 MPa at room temperature and 34.83 MPa at the simulated casting temperature of 1500°C. Besides, the change in microstructure and properties in various contents of mullite fibers were analyzed.     

Application of a combination of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and lightweight aggregate in concrete

This paper highlights significant findings from focusing on developing a sustainable lightweight aggregate (LWA) concrete, which replaced Portland cement partially with municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) and all of the conventional coarse aggregate with LWA sintered by MSWI FA, shale, and sludge. A series of four experiments, differing in dosage of MSWI FA and aggregate, were conducted for this project. The results of this study generally showed that appropriate amount of MSWI FA substitution for cement has no significantly lowered the compressive strengths of LWA concrete, while it can lower the oven-dry density and the thermal conductivity. The optimum performance of LWA concrete (after 28 days of curing) is as follows: (1) slump flow of 700 mm, (2) compressive strength of 30.14 MPa, (3) dry apparent density of 1.66 g/cm³, (4) thermal conductivity of 0.73 W (m K)^?1; the mixture ratio of LWA, fly ash, cement, and fine sand is 3.0: 0.1: 0.9: 2.0 based on dry weight. Meanwhile, the results of leaching test are much lower than the concentration limits of hazardous constituents of hazardous waste identification standard (GB/T 5083.3-2007) and landfill standard (GB16889-2008).     

Phase formation,microstructure development,and mechanical properties of kaolin-based mullite ceramics added with Fe2O3

The effects of Fe₂O₃ on phase evolution, density, microstructural development, and mechanical properties of mullite ceramics from kaolin and alumina were systematically studied. X-ray diffraction results suggested that the ceramics consisted of mullite, sillimanite, and corundum, in the sintering range of 1450°C–1580°C. However, as the sintering was raised to 1580°C, mullite is the main phase with a content of 94%, and the corundum phase content is 5.9%. Simultaneously, high-temperature sintering had a positive effect on the densification of the mullite ceramics, where both the bulk density and flexural strength could be optimized by adjusting the content of Fe₂O₃. It was found that 6 wt% Fe₂O₃ was optimal for the formation of rod-shaped mullite after sintering at 1550°C for 3 h. The sample's maximum bulk density was 2.84 g/cm³, with a flexural strength of 112 MPa. Meanwhile, rod-shaped mullite grains with an aspect ratio of ~9 were formed. As a result, a dense network structure was developed, thus leading to mullite ceramics with excellent mechanical properties. The effect of Fe₂O₃ on the properties might be attributed to the fact that Al³⁺ ions in the [AlO₆] octahedron were replaced by Fe³⁺ ions, resulting in lattice distortion.