液力变矩器流场数值计算与特性预测

基于三维多相流动理论和计算流体动力学(CFD),对液力变矩器内流场进行数值计算。建立变矩器三维模型,采用有限体积法与SIMPLE算法,对其内部流场进行模拟,得到泵轮、涡轮与导轮的速度与压力分布。针对计算结果,对各工作流道的流场特性及生成原因进行分析,根据流场数值解对其进行性能预测。     

基于浸入实体法的双涡轮液力变矩器流场仿真

以双涡轮液力变矩器为研究对象,建立变矩器内流道流体域及叶片浸入实体域三维计算模型,采用浸入实体法模拟液力变矩器叶轮内流道油液运动状态,分析了液力变矩器油液压力及速度分布情况。基于变矩器三维流场分析结果计算其外特性,并与试验结果进行比较。结果表明:双涡轮液力变矩器泵轮及涡轮流道内均存在涡流和脱流,一级涡轮出口处出现射流现象;仿真结果与试验所得双涡轮液力变矩器外特性曲线吻合良好,为液力变矩器流场仿真分析提供计算思路。     

车用液力变矩器混合流道CFD仿真方法

针对车用液力变矩器复杂动态过程中工作相位随时发生转换,不能及时判断相应流场结构的改变,难以对瞬时流场特性进行准确仿真的问题,基于传统变矩器CFD流道模型和导轮空转无叶片模型,建立了液力变矩器混合流道CFD仿真模型。该仿真模型可以自动识别变矩器变矩、偶合和功率反传等工作相位及其相位转换过程,并根据导轮是否空转自动选择相应流道模型。对某变矩器进行了一系列稳态通用特性和动态特性的仿真与试验研究,对比结果表明,液力变矩器混合流道CFD仿真方法对变矩器稳态和动态特性仿真精度较高,有效解决了变矩器复杂动态过程难以快速实时仿真的问题,具有一定的工程实际意义。     

液力变矩器三维瞬态流场分析

为实现液力变矩器在大型机械中的高效传动,需对变矩器瞬态流场特性进行分析研究。建立了液力变矩器各叶轮全流道模型,计算中压力速度耦合算法采用Coupled算法、空间离散格式为二阶上游迎风格式,湍流模型选为Realizable k-ε模型,利用多流动区域耦合算法中滑移网格法实现叶轮间流动参数的实时传递。整理计算结果,得到液力变矩器全流道瞬态特性曲线,分析变矩器的内流场可获得流场分布特性,为今后液力变矩器性能的改善和优化设计提供比较科学的依据。     

基于CFD的液力变矩器内部流场分布特征研究

为提升液力变矩器性能,需要进一步研究液力变矩器内部流动,获取流动特征规律。针对某型液力变矩器进行不同速比下内部流场的CFD数值模拟,并分析其流动现象,得出该变矩器内流场中流动状态的速度、漩涡的分布规律。结果表明,流体的相对速度随速比升高有下降趋势,漩涡结构随速比增大而增大。相同速比下,不同叶轮中、不同弦面的流体出现不同类型二次流。通过CFD研究发现二次流主要出现在泵轮和导轮中,其中叶轮进出口处漩涡湍动能较高,能量损失较大。流场分布规律研究可以指导液力变矩器设计,使流场分布合理并且减少二次流等现象,对提高液力变矩器的效率有重要意义。     

液力变矩器三维瞬态流场计算

液力变矩器内部流动为极其复杂的三维湍流流动,目前其计算多简化为稳态,稳态计算不能计算出瞬态特性,只有三维瞬态流动计算才能比较正确的预测流体的真实流动.在液力变矩器瞬态流场特性分析基础上,建立旋转坐标系下控制方程,采用数值模拟的方法对液力变矩器瞬态控制方程进行计算.计算中建立液力变矩器各叶轮全流道模型,利用多流动区域耦合算法中滑动网格法实现叶轮间流动参数的实时传递.计算中综合考虑稳定性、准确性和经济性,压力速度耦合算法采用SIMPLE算法、空间离散格式为一阶上游迎风格式,湍流模型选为RNG -模型,实现了液力变矩器湍流流动的瞬态计算.深入分析液力变矩器瞬态流场数值解以更好了解瞬态流动特性,并分析其产生原因,以进行液力变矩器性能的改善和优化设计.基于变矩器流场瞬态计算得到其外部性能,与试验对比后发现误差较小,说明采用的瞬态流场数值计算方法是正确有效的.     

双导轮型液力变矩器在叉车上的应用

介绍了双导轮型液力变矩器的结构、工作原理及工作特性,并结合实践列举了叉车双导轮型变矩器的匹配方法。叉车整车验证表明,在叉车上应用双导轮型液力变矩器优于单导轮型液力变矩器。     

液力变矩器气泡破裂运动分析

基于计算流体动力学对液力变矩器内流场进行了分析,利用多流动区域耦合算法中滑动网格法实现叶轮间流动参数的传递,建立液力变矩器涡轮、泵轮、流道模型实现了液力变矩器湍流流动的瞬态计算。对流场数据分析,核定出了气化高发部位,通过采用多相流模型植入流场一个气泡,数值研究了液力变矩器内气泡破碎机理和破裂高发区域。根据数值模拟和理论推定的气泡核化区、破碎区的气泡动力学行为特征可为液力变矩器的设计和改进工作提供参考意义。     

液力变矩器内流场分析的CFD模型研究

以液力变矩器为研究对象,针对液力变矩器内流场分析中的两种仿真计算模型进行对比分析,研究得知:两种模型计算得到的液力变矩器整体性能与试验均吻合较好,而采用模型A计算得到的变矩比和效率略高于采用模型B。此外,通过对内流场速度、压力场的分析研究造成不同模型仿真差异的原因,并研究流场细节对总体性能和流场损失的影响。     

液力变矩器流动数值模拟的发展与应用

 综述了近几年国内外对于液力变矩器的数值模拟的发展与应用，包括网格划分精细化、模拟方法多样化、流场分析细致化等。重点介绍了瞬态三维尺度解析模拟方法，考虑二次流、气蚀等现象的流场分析，格子Boltzmann方法，考虑温度变化的外特性计算，以及基于Isight的变矩器集成优化等，提出了液力变矩器数值模拟的发展趋势。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.