挖掘机器人双目视觉系统标定方法与立体匹配

在挖掘机器人视觉系统实现中,摄像机标定、特征提取、立体匹配是关键环节,而立体匹配又是视觉系统中最复杂、最重要的步骤。首先分析了通用双目立体视觉模型及平行双目立体视觉模型,对挖掘机器人平行双目立体视觉系统测量方法及参数标定进行了研究。结合基于特征的匹配方法,通过对左、右图像角点的提取,实现了基于极线几何约束的特征点匹配。通过对铲斗图像匹配实验,验证了该方法能满足挖掘机器人视觉系统要求。     

基于纯平移两视图几何的镜头畸变参数标定

针对摄像机镜头畸变对系统测量精度的影响,提出了基于纯平移两视图几何的镜头畸变参数标定方法。首先,分析了机器视觉测量中影响测量精度的主要畸变类型,建立了镜头非线性畸变模型。然后,利用射影几何及纯平移两视图几何的固有特性,构建了四组约束方程用于求解畸变参数。最后,针对大视场测量时标定板无法有效充满视场的问题,提出了利用四维电控平台对视场分区域拍摄多组纯平移运动图像的畸变参数标定流程,利用较小的靶标实现了大视场的镜头畸变参数标定。在实验室验证了本文提出的畸变校正方法的可行性。结果显示:提出的方法标定精度较高,标定后图像特征点连线的直线度误差减小了89%,标定精度及可靠性均满足机器视觉测量的要求。     

机器人柔性视觉测量系统标定方法的改进

提出一种改进的柔性视觉测量系统标定方法。建立了包含手眼关系误差与机器人运动学参数误差的系统误差模型。在机器人末端安装结构光传感器构建了机器人柔性视觉测量系统,并在机器人工作空间中固定一个标准球作为标定参考物。标定时,机器人被控制在不同位姿下测量球心坐标。首先,应用机器人的理论模型初步标定手眼关系;然后,基于球心约束,通过迭代算法同时得到准确的手眼关系和实际的机器人运动学参数。基于ABB IRB2400工业机器人进行了系统标定实验,并利用激光跟踪仪进行精度验证。结果表明:标定前后机器人柔性视觉测量系统的距离测量标准差由0.566mm降低到0.173mm,充分验证了改进方法的有效性和实用性。该方法提高了手眼关系的精度;不需要采用任何昂贵的外部设备,适合工业现场使用。     

SCARA机器人抓取矩形零件时的标定方法研究

随着电子计算机科学、图像处理、模式识别技术与理论的迅速发展，机器礼堂技术的研究与应用日益得到重视，并不断地在许多领域得到可喜的成果，标定是机器视觉技术中关键的一步，本文对机器视觉中的标定方法进行了研究，并采用一种简单，快速的方法进行了中心位置和角度的标定。该方法不考虑对变量，采用几组点就可以确定标定参数，大大简化了计算量。     

基于单目视觉的机器人标定方法

为了辨识出机器人模型的准确参数,提出一种利用单目视觉标定机器人的方法.将摄像机安装在机器人或其延长杆上,使其随机器人转轴转动并拍摄固定的平面点靶标,利用基于径向排列约束(Radial-alignment-constraint,RAC)的标定法对摄像机进行标定并求出摄像机光心在世界坐标系中的坐标.利用得到的光心的坐标,即可获得关节轴线在世界坐标系下的轴线方程.建立机器人运动学模型,利用关节轴线方程得到了模型的准确几何参数.试验结果表明,此方法具有较高的精度,且该方法标定过程简单,便于实际应用.     

基于HALCON的机器人视觉标定

基于HALCON平面标定板,充分考虑机器人末端中心和摄像机镜头径向畸变的影响,设计了一种新的Eye-to-Hand机器人视觉标定方法。该方法不仅标定了摄像机的内外参数,同时也建立了摄像机图像坐标系和机器人世界坐标系的关系。实验证明,该方法具有较高的标定精度和实用性,适用于工业机器人的视觉系统标定。     

基于CPA方法的串联工业机器人运动学标定精度试验研究

几何参数误差是影响工业机器人定位精度的主要误差源,约占总误差的80％以上.基于圆点分析法(circle points analysis,CPA)所标定的几何参数与机器人的实际结构相关,并且能够将几何参数误差与其他误差源解耦.研究表明CPA方法的测量策略对其标定精度具有较大影响.针对基于CPA方法的串联工业机器人运动学标...     

机器人立体视觉中摄像机的标定探析

在智能制造领域,工业机器人视觉测量技术应用广泛。针对常见的关节型6自由度工业机器人,采用平面模板法对其系统进行立体视觉标定;通过实验结果与工具箱处理过的结果进行对比,验证了标定的准确性取决于合理选择末端执行器不同姿势。给出了实验过程、标定结果分析,期望该方法为工程实践提供参考。     

机器人视觉系统标定问题研究综述

在视觉反馈机器人的控制中,摄像机的标定是一个基本的、重要性的问题.该文首先对摄像机的成像模型进行分析,明确了视觉系统标定的主要任务,然后从离线标定和在线标定两方面阐述了相关的研究思路和方法,为机器人视觉系统的研究提供了参考.     

基于单目视觉的双机器人协同标定技术

由于机器人的基坐标系隐藏在底座内部,导致双机器人基坐标系间位姿关系的测量变得十分困难,而该关系作为机器人离线编程、协同控制的基石,对于多机器人系统的正常工作至关重要。为此提出了基于单目视觉的协同标定方法,利用单目视觉和棋盘格标定板求解双机器人基坐标系间位姿相对关系并使用激光跟踪仪标定法作为对照对双机器人基坐标系关系进行了标定,并通过双机器人位姿协同实验对标定的结果进行验证,最终得到基于单目视觉的协同标定方法所对应的双机器人位置协同误差最大值为1.278 mm,最小值为0.601 mm;姿态协同误差最大值则为0.481°。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.