AF—人工湿地—生态塘工艺处理养殖废水

采用厌氧生物滤池(AF)—人工湿地—生态塘工艺处理养殖废水。结果表明:AF设置在人工湿地的前端能极大地降低SS的含量,有效预防人工湿地的堵塞。人工湿地采用跌水曝气方式,节约了能源及建设维护费用;采用波式潜流的流态,为氮的去除创造了较好的条件。生态塘设置在波式潜流人工湿地后端,它能强化对氮、磷的处理;工艺对CODCr的去除率约为80.30%,SS去除率约为94.69%,NH3—N去除率约为73.39%,TP的去除率约为86.78%。     

一体化装置-潜流人工湿地处理生活污水的研究

采用一体化装置—潜流人工湿地工艺对生活污水的处理进行了研究。结果表明,一体化装置对CODCr、BOD5、氨氮及SS的去除率分别在60.68%、58.87%、63.69%和75.51%以上,人工湿地对CODCr、BOD5、氨氮及SS的去除率分别在49.97%、84.40%、70.77%和82.74%以上,该工艺对各污染物去除效果明显,具有工艺流程简单、运行费用低等特点。     

温度和基质对人工湿地脱氮除磷效果的影响

构建由潜流人工湿地和表流人工湿地串联而成的复合人工湿地系统,研究了复合人工湿地脱氮除磷效果以及温度和基质对人工湿地脱氮除磷效果的影响。结果表明,复合人工湿地TP、氨氮平均去除率为33.64%、57.24%;水温降低会导致人工湿地氮磷去除率下降;基质为粗砂的潜流人工湿地脱氮除磷能力大于基质为砾石的潜流人工湿地。     

北方某人工湿地净化能力分析

在对北方某人工湿地长期观测取得的大量详尽数据的基础上,分析了人工湿地系统总体净化能力和潜流人工湿地水质动态变化特征。结果表明:该人工湿地示范工程对水质净化效果较为明显,对各类污染物的去除率平均可达40%;潜流人工湿地可对污水进行深度处理,对BOD5、NH4-N的去除效果最好,去除率为80%～90%,对NO3-N、TN的去除效果较好,去除率为65%～75%,对CODMn和SS的去除效果一般,去除率为40%～60%,对TP的去除效果随着时间推移逐渐减弱,碎石吸附对TP去除起主要作用。     

江西省农村生活污水生态治理示范工程效果评估研究-以新余市上坑口村为例

选择新余市上坑口村作为典型村庄,采用了由生态塘、人工湿地、生态沟等生态处理技术组合而成的生态处理系统处理该村生活污水.结果表明:该系统对生活污水的处理效果良好,生态塘水质维持在地表水Ⅲ-Ⅳ类标准之间(TP除外),系统出水浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(18918-2002)一级B标准,对CODcr、NH_3-N、TN、TP、SS的平均去除率分别为58.3%、87.4%、75.6%、82%、82.6%.该工艺不仅能有效处理农村生活污水,同时还具有生态景观效果,具有一定的推广价值.     

混凝沉淀—活性污泥法—人工湿地工艺处理再生纸废水工程

采用混凝沉淀-活性污泥法-人工湿地工艺处理再生纸废水。监测表明,生化处理出水CODCr、BOD5、SS分别为81.8mg/L、25.1mg/L、64mg/L,达到《河南省造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(DB41/389—2004)。冬季运行时人工湿地系统对CODCr、BOD5、SS的去除率分别为17.4%、38.2%和23.4%,运行一年多来,系统处理正常,水质稳定,废水全部得到回用,水生植物生长良好。     

北方多级复合人工湿地水质净化效果分析——以官厅水库黑土洼湿地为例

为系统探究北方低温地区多级复合人工湿地水质净化效果,以官厅水库黑土洼湿地系统示范工程为例,选取2008—2021年共14年水质监测数据,分析了湿地系统整体净化效果,对比分析了稳定塘与人工湿地、表流湿地与潜流湿地净化效果。研究表明：黑土洼湿地对TN、NH₃-N、NO₃-N、TP、溶解性正磷酸盐磷、BOD₅和COD_Mn去除率分别为53%、59%、52%、41%、39%、49%和21%;稳定塘与人工湿地净化效果差别较明显,稳定塘对TP、溶解性正磷酸盐磷去除效果较好,人工湿地对BOD₅、COD_Mn及TN去除效果较好;潜流湿地和表流湿地的净化效果略有差别,相比较,潜流湿地对BOD₅、COD_Mn及TN去除效果较好,对TP去除效果较差。研究结果可为北方低温地区湿地系统建设与运维提供参考。     

复合型人工湿地处理铁路车站生活污水试验研究

将表面流湿地与潜流湿地相结合,处理铁路车站生活污水,分析湿地系统对CODCr、BOD5、TP、TN、SS的处理效果。研究结果表明,复合型人工湿地系统对CODCr、BOD5、SS均有较高的去除率;进水中CODCr、TP浓度的波动对出水浓度影响不大,复合型人工湿地系统具有良好的抗冲击能力。     

多级人工湿地对沛县污水处理厂尾水提标研究及应用

为了将沛县2个污水处理厂一级A的尾水提标进行综合利用,利用安国煤矿塌陷地建成多级人工湿地,对污水处理厂尾水进行生态处理,该系统包括提水系统、生物滞留塘、一级表面流湿地、二级表面流湿地等工艺单元,结果显示:多级人工湿地体现较强的去除效果,对SS、NH3-N、TP、CODcr和BOD5等污染物的去除率分别为86.6%、82.9%、71.4%、60.9%和61.2%,平均出水水质达到地表水环境质量标准(GB 3838—2002)Ⅳ类标准,通过引水渠供沛县西部高亢地区农业用水,以缓解沛县西部高亢地区缺水的问题。     

厌氧—接触氧化渠—垂直潜流型人工湿地处理农村生活污水研究

选择厌氧—接触氧化渠—垂直潜流型人工湿地工艺处理农村生活污水,分析比较了各工艺段DO水平,接触氧化渠充氧效果明显.通过对COD、NH3—N和TP浓度及去除率的研究发现,厌氧池去除率较稳定,对各污染物去除率最高可达72％、49.54％和66.36％,接触氧化渠和人工湿地对各污染物也有较高去除率,但并不稳定.系统运行稳定后,出水水质整体可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)二级标准,部分时段可达一级B标准.     

建设汾河生态湿地的探索和实践

汾河湿地公园,全长2.4 km,建设面积120万m2,其中生态湿地面积60万m2,绿地面积50万m2。从汾河湿地公园的规划设计满足河道的水利功能和河道湿地的形态规划以及湿地的河岸空间规划角度提出了生态湿地的规划设计思路,为建设河道生态湿地提供了有益的探索和实践。     

人工湿地中水生植物的作用和选择

综述国内外有关人工湿地水生植物在污水净化过程中的作用及其选择的研究成果,提出了人工湿地系统水生植物有待进一步研究的问题。人工湿地水生植物的主要作用为:吸收利用和吸附富集污染物质、传输氧到湿地系统、为微生物提供栖息地、维持系统的稳定、积累有机物质。人工湿地系统要选择栽种耐污能力强、去污效果好、适合当地环境、根系发达、有一定经济价值的水生植物。     

芦苇不同部位作为碳源对人工湿地脱氮除磷效果的影响

针对人工湿地中有机碳源不足造成脱氮效率较差的问题,寻找更高效的植物碳源以改善人工湿地内部碳氮比低的状况。通过试验比较芦苇穗(芦穗)、芦苇茎(芦茎)和芦苇根(芦根)3个部位在不同预处理方式下的静态释放规律,筛选出最佳的植物碳源,并通过小试人工湿地试验分析其作为植物碳源对脱氮效果的影响。分析结果表明:碱热处理能够提高COD释放量,相较其它预处理方式,其最大COD释放浓度提高10%,并提前释放一部分氮类化合物和含磷化合物;芦穗碱热处理初期COD释放量达到各部位中的最高值182.00 mg/L;从144 h内的平均TN释放量来看,芦穗碱热处理(6.16 mg/L)＞芦根碱热处理(4.21 mg/L)＞芦茎碱热处理(2.99 mg/L),芦茎释放量最少,比芦穗少一半以上;经过碱泡、碱热处理后,TN、TP、NH⁺₄-N、NO^-₃-N和NO^-₂-N释放量均小于简单处理。碱热处理后的芦苇茎是最佳植物碳源,具有较强的持续释碳能力,并且对氮、磷积累的影响最小;在小试人工湿地系统中添加碱热处理后的芦茎在不显著提高系统出水COD前提下,显著提高了TN和TP的去除率,相对对照组分别提高了61.14%和32.53%,达到同步强化脱氮除磷的效果。     

深圳市布吉污水处理厂构建人工湿地试验研究

为了最大程度地改善深圳市布吉河水质状况,在先期进行布吉污水处理厂中试试验的基础上,建设了小型人工湿地,深度处理污水处理厂二级出水,探讨污水处理厂二级出水在人工湿地基础上的改善程度,为该市布吉污水处理厂建设完成后是否规划建设景观湿地提供参考依据。结果表明:人工湿地对二级出水的COD、NH3-N、TN、TP等重要控制指标均有比较明显的深度处理作用;夏季的运行效果总体上比秋、冬季处理效果好,季节变化对TN去除率的影响最为明显,但对出水COD、NH3-N、TP指标影响相对较小。     

Integrated constructed wetland systems: design, operation, and performance of low-cost decentralized wastewater treatment systems.

Several different types of constructed wetland systems are being used as decentralized treatment systems including surface-flow, subsurface-flow, vertical-flow, and hybrid systems. Archetypical wetland systems have design strengths and weaknesses, and therefore it should be possible to design combined (integrated) systems to optimize a number of important treatment processes. This study provides comparative efficacy data for two integrated wetland treatment systems (IWTS) designed to enhance treatment of medium strength wastewater generated from a pilot-scale intensive fish farm. Results from the twenty eight months study included consistently high removal of COD (84% +) and ammonia nitrogen (93%) in both systems. Initially, phosphorus removal was also high (>90%) in both systems, but removal efficacy declined significantly over time. Nitrate removal was significantly better in the system that provided sequential aerobic and anoxic environments. Short hydraulic retention times coupled with sustained removal of COD and ammonia indicate that the ReCip components could be a least-cost wastewater treatment technology in the decentralized market sector.     

Reuse of a dyehouse effluent after being treated with the combined catalytic wet peroxide oxidation process and the aerated constructed wetland.

A catalytic wet peroxide oxidation process was combined with the aerated constructed wetland in order to treat the raw dyehouse wastewater to in acceptable level for reuse as washing process water. More than 90% of BOD and CODs could be removed with the wet peroxide oxidation reactor and the remaining pollutants in the treated water were transformed into biodegradable ones which could have been successfully treated at the following aerated constructed wetland. The highest values of BOD5, CODMn, CODCr, SS and T-N in the treated water were 1.6, 1.8, 2.1, 0.5 and 12.8 mg/L, respectively. These values were low enough for the treated water to be reused at the washing process.     

Enhancing phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands with ochre from mine drainage treatment.

No single end-use has yet been identified that is capable of consuming the projected production of ochre (mainly iron (III) oxides) from mine drainage treatment. However, the high sorption capacity of ochre for phosphorus (up to 26 mg kg(-1)) means that it could be used in constructed wetlands to enhance phosphorus removal. Laboratory batch experiments showed that coarse-grained ochre removes 90% of all phosphorus forms from sewage effluent after 15 minutes of shaking. From a larger-scale experiment, it is estimated that constructed wetlands with an ochre substrate should remove phosphorus from sewage effluent for up to 200-300 years. The suitability of ochre for phosphorus removal is being investigated at the field scale in a wastewater constructed wetland (175 m2 area) in Berwickshire, UK. The hydraulic and treatment performance of the wetland were monitored for 15 months prior to installation at the inlet in November 2003 of a tank containing approximately 1200 kg ochre. Results so far show that improved hydraulic design is required for ochre to increase the mean phosphorus removal efficiency of the system (27 +/- 28%), but potentially toxic metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) have not been released from the ochre into the wetland outflow.     

双台子河口湿地资源能值-货币价值评估

采用能值评估理论和方法对双台子河口湿地生态系统进行了能值-货币价值评估。结果表明:生态服务功能在环境调节方面对当地自然环境调节及保护发挥着重要作用;生态服务以及水产品的能值-货币价值相对较大,是优先发展、保护和建设的方向。应重点关注双台子河口湿地水产资源的合理建设,将生态服务效应的保护和利用放在首位,同时应注重生态系统的整体性,维持各生态要素之间的动态平衡。     

复合生态湿地对水库水质影响的研究

为保障宁波市居民供水安全,在水源水库入库口建设了复合生态湿地,工程共分为两期.通过研究湿地建设背景、湿地构成、湿地运行效果等,分析生态湿地对水库水质影响的结果表明,复合生态湿地不仅能够有效脱氮除磷,抑制藻类生长,而且通过植物-微生物协同作用能够消除村落与农业面源污水带来的农药、抗生素等微量持久有机污染物.     

Analysis of pollutant removal effect usinginnovative ridge-shaped constructed wetland

In this paper,a new type of ridge-shaped constructed wetland which combines surface flow and horizontal subsurface flow was proposed.The proposed wetland had simple structure,low construction and operating cost,less human interference and good pollution removal effect.The combination of surface flow and subsurface flow provided an aerobic and anaerobic alternating environment for the entire wetland.The performance of the proposed wetland was compared with a traditional horizontal subsurface flow wetland.The comparison results showed that the removal rates of BOD(biochemical oxygen demand),TN(total nitrogen),and TP(total phosphorus)in the ridge-shaped wetland increased up to 20.3%,17.0%,and 9.1%,respectively.The proposed wetland structure could be widely applied for treatment of rural and urban domestic sewage pollution or agricultural point and nonpoint source water pollution.