低熔点皮芯复合纤维改性毛织物的防毡缩性能

为改善毛织物的防毡缩性能,选用皮层为低熔点聚合物的皮芯复合ES纤维分别以不同的比例和羊毛混纺,采用有热处理和无热处理2种工艺对上述织物进行后整理,并通过扫描电镜观察经过热处理的纤维、纱线和织物内部的黏结情况,测试了纤维的最大黏结强力、纱线的收缩率和织物的洗涤收缩率。结果表明:混有ES纤维的羊毛织物经过热处理,防毡缩性能得到了有效的提高,洗涤收缩率测试结果达到了国际羊毛局(IWS)性能测试标准TM31的要求。     

羊毛/低熔点皮芯复合纤维混纺织物性能研究

选用皮层为低熔点聚合物的皮芯复合纤维ES纤维分别以不同的比例和羊毛混纺,采用有热处理和无热处理2种工艺分别对上述织物进行后整理,通过折痕回复角、FAST风格测试和洗涤收缩率测试,评价了织物的尺寸稳定性和服用性能,并同纯羊毛织物性能进行比较.结果表明,混有ES纤维的羊毛织物经过热处理之后,尺寸稳定性和防毡缩性能均得到了明显提高.     

皮芯复合离子交换纤维的吸附性能

测定自制皮芯复合离子交换纤维对Zn2+、Cu2+的静态吸附量,研究纤维对Zn2+、Cu2+吸附动力学以及影响吸附性能的主要因素,探讨该纤维材料的化学稳定性和使用再生性能,结果表明：该离子交换纤维对Cu2+、Zn2+吸附的主控步骤为液膜扩散,在实验的浓度范围内(0.005～0.2 mol/L),纤维对这2种金属离子的吸附均属单分子层吸附,其等温吸附可以用Langmuir和Freundlich方程来描述,该纤维对Cu2+、Zn2+吸附速率快,最大吸附量均超过2mmol/g,最佳pH值为8.0～9.0左右,有良好的吸附性能和使用稳定性。     

Lyocell纤维皮芯结构的研究

本文依据各种处理破坏后Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ纤维的刚果红当杰染色光学显微拍照及扫描电子显微镜拍照等方法,首次发现Ｌｙｏｃｅｌｌ纤维具有明显的皮芯结构并建立了模型,从化学纤维的处理技术和结构理论发出,对皮芯结构及皮层和芯层的不同性能进行了讨论。     

防蚊微胶囊的制备及在棉针织物上的应用

以防蚊剂DM为芯材,聚氨酯为壁材,采用界面聚合法合成了防蚊微胶囊,通过电子显微镜、红外光谱、激光粒径分析仪分别对微胶囊的表面形态、结构、粒径分布进行了分析,应用微胶囊对纯棉针织物进行防蚊整理,测试并分析了其驱杀蚊效果.结果表明,整理后的纯棉针织物具有持久的驱杀蚊效果和良好的耐水洗性能.     

防蚊微胶囊的制备及驱杀蚊研究

以聚氨酯为壁材,防蚊剂HLQZ为芯材,采用界面聚合法制备了防蚊微胶囊整理剂.研究了自制乳化剂、芯壁比、反应温度以及催化剂用量对合成防蚊整理剂的影响.优化合成条件为:自制乳化剂用量5.2%,芯壁比为1:2.8,催化剂二丁基二月桂酸锡0.02 g.将该防蚊微胶囊整理剂应用到蚊帐上,蚊帐具有明显的驱杀蚊效果,且耐久性良好.     

阻燃防紫外皮芯结构TPEE单丝制备及应用

对皮芯结构热塑性聚酯弹性体（TPEE）纤维单丝的阻燃、防紫外改性工艺及应用进行研究。试验表明：采用皮芯结构,皮芯复合比例为30∶70至40∶60,并使用具有双喂入系统的母粒添加装置,在皮层结构分别添加5%～6%的阻燃母粒和3%～5%的防紫外母粒,选择合适的工艺,纺丝速度120～125 m/min,纺丝温度238～242℃,拉伸温度145～155℃,定形温度155～165℃,总拉伸倍数4.5～5.0,采用油性油剂,上油率控制在0.7%～0.9%,可以制备出成本低、使用性能好、阻燃性能和防紫外性能强的TPEE热塑性弹性体单丝纤维。针织织物极限氧指数高达32.2%,续燃时间和阴燃时间均为0,损坏长度95.8 mm,紫外线透过率T(UVA)、T(UVB)分别为3.9%、3.5%。     

蚊虫的克星：防蚊整理介绍

提起蚊子,人人头痛。特别是在夏天,在紧张工作之余,人们多么渴望躺在凉椅或凉席上,美美地多憩息一会儿。可是,不知趣的蚊子却趁机向人们发起袭击。它们时而发出嗡嗡的声音,向人们示威,时而向人们俯冲,吮吸人们的鲜血不算,还给人们留下又痒又肿的肿块。至于疟疾由蚊子所传播,乃是众所周知的事实。     

皮芯型负离子防蚊聚酯纤维的制备及性能研究

采用原位聚合法制备负离子聚酯切片,然后与防蚊聚酯母粒进行复合熔融纺丝,制备皮芯型负离子防蚊聚酯纤维,并在22针/25.4 mm的单面小圆机上织造负离子防蚊纬平针针织面料。测试并分析纤维的截面形态、力学性能以及面料的负离子释放性能和防蚊性能。结果表明,皮芯型负离子防蚊聚酯纤维的断裂强度为3.17 cN/dtex、断裂伸长率为21.8%、沸水收缩率为8.9%,满足织造要求。面料的负离子释放量为815个/cm~3,水洗50次后无明显衰减,面料具有负离子保健功能而且性能稳定持久;面料对白纹伊蚊的驱避率为63.04%,防蚊评级为B级,具有蚊虫驱避效果。     

矿物纤维与废瓦楞纸箱浆配抄手抄片的性能

将矿物纤维加填到废瓦楞纸浆中进行抄片。对手抄片的物理性能、力学性能进行测试,并进行微观形貌观察,以求得出综合性能最佳的矿物纤维配抄手抄片,从而改善手抄片性能,降低成本,节约植物纤维资源。研究发现,加填矿物纤维后,手抄片的紧度先上升后下降,透气度则呈现先下降后上升的趋势。在一定的加填量范围内,手抄片的抗张指数稍有下降,伸长率、撕裂指数和环压指数均有所上升,综合力学性能提高。     

pH值碱性偏移结合热处理对米糠蛋白结构和功能性质的影响

研究pH值碱性偏移（pH 11）结合热处理（50、60 ℃）对米糠蛋白结构和功能性质的影响。结果表明,pH值碱性偏移促使米糠蛋白二级结构由有序向无序转化,pH值碱性偏移结合热处理使得米糠蛋白二级结构呈现折叠-去折叠-复折叠的复杂变化,并伴随巯基氧化。pH值碱性偏移促使米糠蛋白展开,随着处理时间的延长,米糠蛋白重新聚集,热处理会加剧聚集程度。pH值碱性偏移使得米糠蛋白持水性、起泡性、泡沫稳定性、乳化性和乳化稳定性显著下降,仅持油性显著改善;随着处理时间的延长,米糠蛋白持水性、起泡性、乳化性和乳化稳定性逐渐上升,其中乳化性上升幅度最大。pH值碱性偏移结合热处理可显著改善米糠蛋白的持水性、起泡性、泡沫稳定性和乳化稳定性,同时也会降低米糠蛋白的持油性和乳化性。     

静电纺纤维的静电性能

本文评估了四种聚合物 (PEO ,PCL ,PC ,PS)的电荷感应和电荷保持性能 ,描述了由其制成的纤维的电学性能 ,并将该类材料与其他过滤介质 (纺粘、熔喷、针刺非织材料 )进行了过滤效率的比较     

不同处理方法对裙带菜膳食纤维性质的影响

以裙带菜为原料,利用碱法和复合酶法处理提取的裙带菜膳食纤维,并对其物化性质和功能特性进行比较。结果表明:两种处理方法均可提高裙带菜膳食纤维中的可溶性膳食纤维的含量,膳食纤维的物化性质和功能特性均有不同程度的提升。复合酶法处理的膳食纤维的持水性、吸水膨胀性、持油性和阳离子交换能力分别为12.70g/g,10.20 mL/g,3.54 g/g和0.95 mmol/g。功能特性结果表明,复合酶法的葡萄糖吸附能力和葡萄糖透析延迟指数分别为6.01 mmol/g和38%,均明显高于碱法处理的膳食纤维和未处理的膳食纤维。因此,相对于碱法处理,复合酶法处理对裙带菜膳食纤维的性质提升更加显著,这也为裙带菜膳食纤维的深入开发提供了理论依据。     

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterizations of Natural Long Alfa Fibers Obtained with Different Extractions Processes

This study investigates the morphological changes and tensile properties of Alfa fibers extracted mechanically after two treatments namely water retting and alkali treatment. The Scanning Electron Microscopy technique is used in this experimental work. The main observation reveals the decrease of noncellulosic component in the fibers which is inversely proportional to the concentration of sodium hydroxide solution in the case of the alkali treatment. Tensile tests were carried out using tensile machine for determining the tensile properties mainly the tensile strength and the elastic modulus. The tensile strength and young’s modulus of retted fibers are assumed constant. The results relative to the alkalized fibers show an improvement of tensile strength and young’s modulus and are proportional to the sodium hydroxide concentration up to 14%.     

Physical Properties of Canadian Grown Flaxseed in Relation to Its Processing

The average flaxseed length, width, thickness and 1000 seed mass were 4.64 mm, 2.37 mm, 1.0 mm and 5.77 g, respectively. The average surface area was 15.49 mm² while the sphericity and aspect ratio were 0.48 and 51.04%, respectively. The average bulk density was 652.16 kg/m³ while the true density was 784.36 kg/m³, and the corresponding porosity was 16.83%. The angle of repose for flaxseed was 24.40 while the terminal velocity was 2.9 m/s. The results showed that the mean value of static coefficient friction was least in case of plastic sheet while it is highest for rubber sheet.     

不同长径比PET纤维对纸基复合材料强度性能的影响

采用不同长径比的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维与棉浆纤维混合成形,通过水相复配,利用氢键作用和机械交织力制备纸基复合材料。借助PET纤维的刚性和优异的力学性能增强纸基复合材料的强度性能。结果表明,在不同长径比PET纤维中,PET-c的屈服强度最高,为300.99MPa,其长径比为392.16,近似为棉浆纤维长径比的10倍;PET纤维对纸基复合材料的强度性能有明显提升作用,其中当PET-c的用量为10%时,纸基复合材料的撕裂度、抗张强度、耐折度分别提高42.11%、31.05%、21.85%。纸张拉伸或耐折断裂面扫描电子显微镜(SEM)图显示,PET纤维没有发生断裂或折断,而是被抽出或弯折,表明在受到外力破坏时,PET纤维能够增强纸基复合材料的强度,对纸基复合材料起到有效的保护作用。     

微波辐照后的真丝纤维结构及其性能研究

利用微波辐照对真丝纤维的热效应和非热效应作用，对不同的丝纤维-桑蚕丝、柞蚕丝进行了改性研究，探索其结构与性能的变化规律，为进一下开发研究奠定基础。     

In-Vitro Studies on Functional Properties of Selected Natural Dietary Fibers

In-vitro experiments were conducted to provide predictive indices for the hypoglycemic effect of ashgourd, radish, pea peel, and cardamom peel fibers and its action of particle size and pH (related to human physiology) on the major functional properties. Ashgourd and radish fibers demonstrated significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher water binding capacity and swelling capacity in stomach pH, i.e., 1.8; whereas pea peel and cardamom peel fibers exhibited higher hydration capacity at duodenal pH, i.e., 8.7. Ashgourd fiber (30 mesh) showed higher glucose adsorption capacity (452.1 μm/g) and exhibited maximum retarding effect on the flow of glucose across the dialysis bag for 12 h in comparison with other fiber sources. The 30 mesh (250–380 μm) and 60 mesh (150–230 μm) fiber particles showed better hydration properties as well as hypoglycemic effect as compared to 100 mesh (40–110 μm) particles. These fibers showed an excellent performance in relation to functional properties and hypoglycemic effect thus can be incorporated as low calorie bulk ingredient in high fiber foods to reduce calorie level and to help in controlling blood glucose concentration.     

Evaluation of Structural,Tensile and Thermal Properties of Banana Fibers

Recognizing the importance of properties of the plant fibers for their use in polymeric composites and nonavailability of data on tensile, thermal, and other properties of banana fibers of Karnataka (India), a study was undertaken with the objective of determining some of these properties. This article presents determination of structural aspects of the fibers by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques; obtaining stress-strain curves and tensile properties by tensile testing; finally, thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. FTIR spectrum of banana fibers showed aromatic character, while XRD results indicated the fiber to have mainly the cellulose I structure and crystallinity index of 52%. Thermal-degradation details of fiber samples were revealed by thermal studies. Stress-strain curves of banana fibers suggested their brittle nature with moderate values of tensile strength, but low percentage elongation. Weibull analysis of obtained tensile strength values revealed variation of “characteristic strength” values from 3800 MPa at 99% reliability to 22,700 MPa with 0.01% reliability. Morphology studies revealed the number of defects along the length of the fiber, while fractured surface exhibited flat surface with intracellular fractures clearly indicating brittle nature of the fiber.