船体材料腐蚀与防护措施的研究进展

对船体材料在海洋环境中受到的主要腐蚀类型及其腐蚀机理进行了综述,重点包括化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀、空泡腐蚀及海洋生物腐蚀等方面。然后,通过对腐蚀机理及耐蚀环境的分析,分别从耐蚀材料的选择、表面改性技术的应用、涂层保护材料的发展、阴极保护及防污涂料的应用等影响方面,综合阐述了目前我国船体材料防护措施的发展方向及未来重点研究的领域。     

炼油厂设备的腐蚀情况及防治措施分析

炼油厂设备的腐蚀情况既普遍又难免,它严重威胁着企业和人民生命财产的安全,在一定程度上阻碍了炼油企业的发展。为了改善这种状况,本文在炼油厂设备腐蚀的机理因素方面,对硫化物腐蚀、环烷酸腐蚀、氢腐蚀机理因素进行了探讨;在炼油厂设备腐蚀的常见部位方面,对设备装置的低温部位等四种情况进行了分析;在炼油厂设备的防腐措施方面,提出了从炼油设备的制作材料、炼油厂的设备防腐、对设备进行监测和评估三项措施。     

埋地油气管道腐蚀原因分析及对策探讨

本文从内腐蚀、外腐蚀以及化学腐蚀、电化学腐蚀、细菌腐蚀等方面对埋地油气管道腐蚀原因进行了分析,根据工作经验及现行标准规范总结了腐蚀防护对策或技术标准要求,为管道完整性管理提供参考。     

裂解炉对流段炉管损坏机理及其残余寿命判断

对裂解炉对流段下部物料预热管腐蚀损坏的机理进行了综合分析,认为吹灰蒸汽的吹入、高温蠕变、晶间腐蚀、应力腐蚀以及热疲劳、脱碳、渗碳等腐蚀是造成损坏的主要原因,并从炉管尺寸、组织和机构性能等方面的变化,对其残余寿命进行了判断。     

换热器管束腐蚀减薄的准确检测方法分析

换热器管束容易受到腐蚀现象的影响,需要对腐蚀影响引起重视,采用精准的检测形式,对腐蚀减薄情况进行判断。基于此,本文将从宏观形貌、金相分析、材质分析、涡流探伤、超声测厚等方面对腐蚀减薄的准确检测方法进行分析,对腐蚀检测的成像、深度、厚度等指标进行评估,使腐蚀减薄检测发挥作用,为后续修复工作创建有利条件,从而确保腐蚀减薄控制措施的有效性。     

原油储罐壁板腐蚀原因分析及对策

在对襄阳处1座2万方油罐加强圈处壁板修理时,发现该处壁板腐蚀比较严重,本文从加强圈壁板产生腐蚀的原因、腐蚀机理及影响腐蚀发生的各种因素等方面进行了全面分析,并提出相应减少腐蚀的对策。     

高浓度H2S环境下的腐蚀与防腐

分析了干湿Ｈ２Ｓ环境的腐蚀机理与特点，从设备选材、设计制造及使用等方面对减轻Ｈ２Ｓ腐蚀进行了讨论。     

轮胎模具常见腐蚀形式的原因分析及防腐措施

因轮胎模具使用及存放不合理，造成型腔及外表面腐蚀，严重影响了轮胎的外观质量。通过对轮胎模具常见腐蚀形式及原因进行分析，从轮胎模具的结构设计、管理、增加覆盖层保护等方面进行有效防护，以防止轮胎模具腐蚀。     

牡蛎附着腐蚀研究进展

牡蛎等海洋附着生物改变了金属表面的化学介质成分和电化学微环境,相关研究是解决海洋工程腐蚀和控制问题的关键。本文综述了牡蛎等海洋附着腐蚀的研究进展,并以牡蛎与腐蚀相关的研究为基础,对牡蛎附着腐蚀机制的研究方面进行了展望。     

循环水冷器腐蚀与防腐浅析

本文针对循环水冷器的泄漏现象,从腐蚀机理、腐蚀类型以及腐蚀因素等方面进行了详细分析,以及对其他炼油厂的水冷器腐蚀失效的了解,我们认为循环冷却水水质、温度、流速以及微生物粘泥、悬浮杂质的沉积、水侧管壁结垢等是造成水冷器腐蚀泄漏的主要原因,并就此提出了相应的对策。     

全有机硬水稳定型发动机冷却液的研制

将有机羧酸缓蚀剂、唑类化合物与聚羧酸类硬水稳定剂复配,并进行了配方优化,得到了全有机硬水稳定型发动机冷却液。该新型冷却液不仅对多种金属具有优良的保护性能,而且能够有效地改善冷却液的硬水稳定性。     

Corrosion and Fire Protective Behavior of Advanced Phosphatic Geopolymeric Coating on Mild Steel Substrate

The research objectives of this study were to investigate and compare corrosion and fire protective properties of conventional and advanced phosphatic geopolymeric coating on mild steel substrate using spray coating technique For these studies two composition were developed using conventional geopolymerisation route by adding alkali activator solution to fly ash and six compositions were developed using advanced geopolymerisation process in which water was added to solid precursor powder obtained by together co-ginding of raw materials for a period of 8 h. Coated plates were tested for adhesion strength, water resistance, fire protection and corrosion resistance. Results indicated that coating developed from two passes with thickness 100 ± 15 μm showed better adhesion as compared to single pass and also proved to be promising corrosion protective coating material for mild steel substrate under sea water conditions. The developed material is able to withstand flame for more than 45 min and also no cracks were observed in coating by direct heating on liquefied petroleum gas flame. Thus developed phosphatic geopolymeric material is well suited for protecting the mild steel structures from fire and corrosion.     

The corrosiveness of fluoride-containing fire gases on selected steels

Combustion gases were produced from several cable-insulation materials in separate experiments conducted in a model fire chamber. These gases were then allowed to interact with stressed metal specimens, consisting for the most part of various stainless and hardened steels as well as of carbon steel and stainless steel sheet. Thereafter the samples as exposed were stored in a humid atmosphere. As expected, PVC combustion gases caused the cracking of spring steel and also extensive pitting corrosion of stainless steel. These results confirmed that test conditions conformed to real-life fires as observed in practice. The combustion gases deriving from fluorinated polymers were much less corrosive on stainless steel and provoked only slight pitting in isolated cases. The rate of corrosion damage on carbon steel was lower by more than an order of magnitude than in the case of PVC. However, stress corrosion of sensitized 18/8 stainless steel and spring steel was found to occur. Tests on the thermal degradation of the dluorinated polymer ‘Teflon’ FEP and ‘Tefzel’ confirmed their high stability. If one compares the behaviour of these fluoroplastics with that of PVC it can generally be concluded that, although the use of fluorinated insulation materials on cables might not altogether eliminate corrosion problems in the event of fire, it does constitute a realistic contribution to fire protection and to the reeducation of fire-related damage.     

煤制油行业油品储罐的腐蚀与防护

在正常的化工生产过程中,常存在着一系列的设备腐蚀问题,设备腐蚀是危及装置安全平稳运行的重要隐患,常造成设备泄漏或失效,严重时会导致装置停工或发生火灾、爆炸、中毒等事故,所以油罐腐蚀和防护成为设备维护的重点。本文根据煤制油行业油品的高温、高硫化氢含量、高含固量的储存特点,特对油罐的腐蚀范围和特点进行了分析,并制定了相应的防护措施,同时对油罐腐蚀检验和维护的要点进行了论述。     

Evolution of the corrosion layer of Q235 steel in simulated fire-scene smoke

The ability to accurately identify fire patterns is the fundamental requirement for fire investigations. The corrosion layers of steel in fire scenes exhibit three distinct characteristics. First, due to steel's nonflammable nature, steel patterns can be preserved better at the fire site than patterns formed on other combustible materials; second, both the high temperature and the smoke during the fire affect the high-temperature oxidation process; and third, the corrosion layer of steels inevitably undergoes further evolution after the fire because of the subsequent room-temperature corrosion. This study focuses on investigating Q235 steel because of its extensive use in construction and vehicles. The pattern evolution processes of high-temperature oxidation at elevated temperatures in air, polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) combustion smoke and the corresponding subsequent corrosion at room temperature were systematically investigated from the perspective of macroscopic and microscopic morphology. The results showed that the smoke atmosphere played an important role in the formation of the corrosion layer of Q235 steel. Compared with samples oxidized in air, samples oxidized in PE combustion smoke exhibited a uniform and dense oxide layer on the surface, which inhibited the corrosion at room temperature further. The PVC combustion smoke accelerated the high-temperature oxidation of the sample, and its influence on the subsequent room-temperature oxidation process was closely correlated with the temperature of the high-temperature oxidation. The results of this study provide important references for understanding the formation of the corrosion layer of Q235 steel for fire investigations.     

Ghosting flame mechanism under different extinctions modes in ceiling vent cabin

In this paper, large eddy simulation coupled with a low Mach number compressible thermal-drive flow model had been utilized to investigate the development of large-scale engine room fire, and the characteristics of engine room fire were analyzed through based upon the distinctive fire extinction behavior. Results indicated that extinction modes of engine room fire could be divided into oxygen control type and fuel control type. And the flame morphology could be divided into four stages: conical flame, pulsating flame, column flame, and ghosting flame. The appearance of the ghosting flame was affected by the extinction mode, but there were obvious differences in the causes of ghosting flame between the two modes. The cause of ghosting flame was related to the distribution of temperature field under the fuel control type, while the occurrence of ghosting flame in oxygen control type was mainly affected by oxygen concentration. Deflagration should be avoided when extinguishing fire by sealing the cabin.     

超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料防腐性能的研究

介绍了钢材的腐蚀及防腐机理，采用复合改性丙烯酸树脂作为基料，研制出一种既具有高效防火隔热性能，又具有优异的防腐蚀性能的超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料。     

金属腐蚀的分类和防护方法

文章介绍了金属腐蚀的分类和影响因素,对金属腐蚀防护的方法和重要性进行了详细的阐述,简单列举了一些常用的化学涂料,并对他们的机理和作用做了简单介绍,结合石油化工中的工程实例说明金属腐蚀的防护的手段是不是单一的,而是采用多种方法相结合的方法以达到防护的目的。最后对技术腐蚀防护行业发出寄语,尽量减少因为金属腐蚀的原因造成的恶果。     

一种高效无公害的复合型缓蚀剂DJ-W的试验研究

本文采用电偶腐蚀方法和失重法研究内燃机冷却水系统的腐蚀问题.采用扫描电镜及俄歇电子能谱等现代化表面分析技术,结合自腐蚀电位和极化曲线测量,研究铸铝、铸铁、焊锡的腐蚀机理和DJ复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理.该缓蚀剂具有无公害、高效的特点,其缓蚀率高于90%,可供内燃机冷却水系统如火车、轮船和发电机组等使用.     

固化剂对钢结构用超薄膨胀型水性环氧防火涂料性能的影响

以环氧乳液为基料,聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇(APP/MEL/PER)为防火助剂研制了超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料。通过调整环氧乳液/固化剂比例,研究了固化剂用量对涂料防火、防腐性能的影响。通过交联度测试进一步讨论了环氧乳液与固化剂比例对涂料性能的影响。结果表明:固化剂占环氧乳液含量20%时,涂层的防火性能和防腐性能均较好。