活性污泥法处理TMP废水的研究

介绍了活性污泥法处理TMP废水的试验,研究水力停留时间(HRT)、污泥年龄(0)和污泥有机负荷(F/M)等参数对COD、BOD_5和RFA的去除率及污泥特性的影响。讨论了活性污泥处理法试验的工艺条件编制程序。     

用UASB-SBR组合处理麦草爆破制浆废液

采用改良式UASB反应器与SBR反应器组合对爆破法制浆废液进行了处理,研究结果发现,在厌氧处理段,当水力停留时间为1d时,容积负荷为5.3gCODCr/(L·d),CODCr的去除率可以达到75%,BOD5去除率达95%,平均甲烷产率为247.4ml/gCODCr。组合处理后,废液中BOD5总去除率达98%以上,达到新排放标准,CODCr总去除率为85.3%。     

Two-phased hyperthermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge with kitchen garbage

For co-digestion of waste activated sludge with kitchen garbage, hyperthermophilic digester systems that consisted of an acidogenic reactor operated at hyperthermophilic (70 °C) and a methanogenic reactor operated at mesophilic (35 °C), thermophilic (55 °C) or hyperthermophilic (65 °C) conditions in series were studied by comparing with a thermophilic digester system that consisted of thermophilic (55 °C) acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. Laboratory scale reactors were operated continuously fed with a substrate blend composed of concentrated waste activated sludge and artificial kitchen garbage. At the acidogenic reactor, solubilization efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), carbohydrate and protein at 70 °C were about 39%, 42% and 54%, respectively, and they were higher than those at 55 °C by around 10%. The system of acidogenesis at 70 °C and methanogenesis at 55 °C was stable and well-functioned in terms of treatment performances and low ammonium nitrogen concentrations. Microbial community analysis was conducted using a molecular biological method. The key microbe determined at the hyperthermophilic acidogenesis step was Coprothermobacter sp., which was possibly concerned with the degradation of protein in waste activated sludge. The present study proved that the hyperthermophilic system was advantageous for treating substrate blends containing high concentrations of waste activated sludge.     

厌氧接触-膜生物反应器处理白酒黄水的研究

对发酵培养菌丝体后的黄水利用厌氧接触-膜生物反应器工艺进行了试验研究.结果表明,进水CODCr浓度为10.03g/L～14.36g/L时,厌氧接触池对废水CODCr的去除率为53.5%～69.6%;厌氧反应停留时间14h～16h较为合适.溶氧控制在2.0mg/L～3.5mg/L,MBR对CODCr去除率在91.4%以上,出水CODCr210.65mg/L～277.89mg/L,NH3-N去除率37.3%～54.2%;MBR对CODCrNH3-N的去除率随污泥浓度的增大先增加后减少,合适的MLSS值应控制在8g/L～10g/L.     

Dynamic process response to sludge thickening behaviors in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treating high-solids-content waste

Solid-liquid separation and its type greatly affected the stability and performance of the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for municipal sludge digestion. Flotation thickening occurred in mesophilic ASBR, while solid-liquid separation in thermophilic ASBR followed a gravity thickening. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and cycle period as well as the type of thickening were key parameters governing sludge thickenability and critical solids accumulation. Thickened sludge volume was a critical operating variable in the ASBR with the gravity thickening, which had a poor performance because of the loss of thickened solids, and sludge interface disruption or instability of sludge bed due to internal gas evolution. A cyclic mutual effect between thickened volume and gas production was a serious in the gravity thickening, whereas it was insignificant in the flotation thickening.     

动态膜生物反应器-混凝工艺处理草浆中段废水

采用动态膜生物反应器(DMBR)-混凝工艺对草浆造纸中段废水进行处理。结果表明,DMBR内的生物动态膜约在反应器运行60min后形成。在污泥浓度为10g/L、水力停留时间24h、进水CODCr1344mg/L、进水木素为390mg/L时,DMBR出水CODCr和木素分别平均为260mg/L和192mg/L。投加PAC对动态膜生物反应器出水进行混凝处理,当PAC用量为0.54g/L时,混凝处理出水的CODCr和木素平均为117mg/L和63mg/L。DMBR反冲洗后,反应器内生物动态膜的再生需要30min完成,稳定运行过程中DMBR的反冲洗周期能够稳定在29h以上。     

Characterization of the Effluent Wastewater from Abattoirs for Land Application

Meat plant wastewater quality depends on water usage, the type of animal slaughtered, and the amount of rendering or processing that is done on site. In Ontario and Quebec, abattoir wastewater total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) ranged from 2333 to 8627 mg/L, and suspended solids (SS) from 736 to 2099 mg/L, volatile suspended solids (VSS) represented 80% of SS, and protein content varied from 444 to 2775 mg/L. Nitrogen (N) and potassium (P) averaged 6.0 and 2.3 g/100 g of TCOD, respectively. Ammonia and sulfide levels were well below the 3000 and 100 mg/L toxicity level, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of fresh blood is high at 375,000 mg/L compared to the COD of liquid manure at 15,000-30,000 mg/L. The concentration of the wastewater can be greatly affected by the efficiency of blood recovery in the blood pit. Abattoir wastewater contains several million colony forming units (cfu) /100 mL of total coliform, fecal coliform, and Streptococcus groups of bacteria. The presence of these nonpathogenic microbes indicates the possible presence of pathogens of enteric origin such as Salmonella ssp. and Campylobacter jejuni and of gastrointestinal parasites such as Ascaris sp., Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, and enteric viruses. Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum are not a concern in poultry wastewater. Pathogens might threaten public health by migrating into groundwater or through traveling off-site by surface water, wind, or vectors (i.e., animals, birds) etc. Once the treated abattoir wastewater is applied to land, the potential for spread of any pathogens that might remain in the water or sludge varies with the type of crop and soil to which it is applied.     

Partial nitrification treatment for high ammonium wastewater from magnesium ammonium phosphate process of methane fermentation digester liquor

This study investigated partial nitrification treatment of methane fermentation digester liquor effluent from magnesium ammonium phosphate precipitation process in a swim-bed reactor. The reactor was operated at a temperature of 35 °C and pH between 7.5 and 7.8. Partial nitrification was achieved at the onset of the experiments even though conventional activated sludge was used as seed sludge. The maximum nitrite production rate was 1.0 kg NO₂-N/m³/d at a nitrogen loading rate of 2.0 kg-N/m³/d. The average effluent NO₂-N/NH₄-N ratio and the effluent NO₃-N concentration were 1.04 ± 0.34 and 5.7 mg/l, respectively, during the stable experiment periods. After 150 days of operation, the sludge volume index value decreased to 15 ml/g and the mean particle size of suspended sludge increased by approximately 3 times from 80 to 260 μm. Comparison of mineral analysis between the seed sludge and the partial nitrification sludge demonstrated that the mineral content of the latter increased approximately three-fold in comparison to that of the former. High Ca concentration was considered to be closely related to dense floc formation and superior settleability of the sludge. Both DGGE and DNA clone analysis verified that there were significant microbiological differences between the samples taken at different time periods. Nitrosomonas was confirmed to be the predominant species after stable partial nitrification performance was obtained. The overall results of this study validated our previous results that swim-bed reactor technology could be successfully used as a pre-treatment technology for anammox treatment.     

OCC制浆造纸废水封闭循环应用研究

采用物化法及絮凝-生化一体化法处理OCC制浆造纸废水，并对比了几种方法的处理效果和循环使用情况。研究结果表明：絮凝沉淀法和气浮法处理OCC制浆造纸废水，其CODCr、BOD5和SS的去除率分别为63．4％、66．7％、83．8％和66．2％、71．9％、87．8％，且都难以去除可溶性的CODCr。而采用絮凝-生化一体化处理技术，可使废水中的CODCr、BOD5和SS的去除率分别达到76．1％、80．0％、91．1％，尤其对可溶性CODCr的去除率达到20％左右。经一体化技术处理的废水进一步生化处理，可使CODCr降低到50mg／L。     

Comparison performances of membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge prcesses on sludge reduction induced by Oligochaete

Pilot-scale experiments were carried out to compare sludge reduction induced by Oligochaete in a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a conventional activated sludge (CAS) reactor for 345 d. Worm growth in the CAS reactor was much better than in the MBR. The average worm density of the aeration tank in the CAS reactor was 71 total worms/mg of volatile suspended solids (VSS), much higher than that in the MBR (10 total worms/mg of VSS). Worms did not naturally produce in the MBR, and the dominant worm type in the MBR depended on sludge inoculation from the CAS reactor. Only two types of worms were found in the MBR, Aeolosoma hemprichicii and Nais elinguis. Worm presence and disappearance in the MBR alternated. Worms in the CAS reactor occurred nearly throughout the operating period and were continuously maintained at over 30 total worms/mg of VSS in the aeration tank for 172 d. Three types of worm were found in the CAS reactor, A. hemprichicii, Pristina aequiseta, and N. elinguis, but P. aequiseta was present only occasionally. The alternating dominance of worm types in both reactors changed between Aeolosoma and Nais, and the time of Aeolosoma dominance was longer than that of Nais dominance. Worm growth in the MBR contributed to neither sludge reduction nor improvement of sludge settling characteristics because of low density. But worm presence and bloom in the CAS reactor greatly decreased sludge yield and improved sludge settling characteristics at high density. Both the average sludge yield (0.17 kg of suspended solids (SS)/kg of chemical oxygen demand removed (CODremoved)) and sludge volume index (60 mL/g) in the CAS reactor were much lower than those in the MBR (0.40 kg of SS/kg of CODremoved and 133 mL/g). Nais had more potential for sludge reduction than Aeolosoma. Worm growth had little impact on effluent quality in the MBR but affected effluent quality very much in the CAS reactor.     

木薯酒精废液中不溶性物质厌氧生物水解性能的初步研究

通过分批实验研究了60℃条件下不同pH值对木薯酒精蒸馏废液厌氧水解效果及水解酶活力的影响。考察了不同pH值下的纤维素酶(CMC酶)、半纤维素酶(木聚糖酶)以及游离态和胞上结合态酶活力、水解率、悬浮性固体(SS)降解率、挥发酸(VFA)和乙醇产量以及纤维素和半纤维素降解率。结果表明:维持pH在7.0~8.0时能够获得较高的纤维素酶活力和半纤维素酶活力(1 588和822 IU/L)、SS降解率(37.3%)、纤维素和半纤维素的降解率(54.9%和58.4%)。在此条件下,游离态酶和胞上结合态酶一样,VFA和乙醇总量达到12.6 g/L,且其主要成分为乙酸。     

印染废水挡板式水解酸化法中试试验及分析

对印染废水进行挡板式水解酸化实验,旨在探索工艺参数及该技术的可靠性。结果表明,调节原水ＰＨ值至１０左右,污泥浓度维持在２０ｇ／Ｌ左右、水力停留时间１０ｈ,处理的废水ＣＯＤ去除率平均为３６．８％。结合印染废水好氧生物处理的经验,挡板式水解酸化法作为印染废水的预处理,在技术上和经济上都是可行的。     

中试规模厌氧序批式反应器的工艺特性

采用有效容积为100L的中试规模厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理合成废水,研究进水时间、搅拌、有机负荷等因素对反应器运行效果的影响,并对反应器的抗冲击性能进行了考察.结果表明,进水时间和搅拌是影响反应器运行效果的两个重要因素.高负荷运行时进水时间越短,系统对废水的化学需氧量(COD)去除率越低;适当地搅拌可以缩短反应时间,提高系统的处理能力;有机负荷的提高有利于废水化学需氧量的去除;进水pH值和温度突然变化并没有对反应器的运行产生很大的影响,中试规模ASBR反应器具有很强的抗冲击性能力.     

Enhancement of l(+)-lactic acid production using acid-adapted precultures of Rhizopus arrhizus in a bubble column reactor

88 g/L lactic acid was produced from waste potato starch (equivalent to 100 g/L glucose) in a bubble column reactor using appropriate acid-adapted precultures of Rhizopus arrhizus. Further experiment showed that repeated dilution of cultures caused the decrease of lactic acid concentration and productivity due to formation of large fungal pellets.     

变性淀粉生产中的废水处理工程改造实例

处理高浓度变性淀粉生产废水由原来的好氧处理改为厌氧 (EGSB) 好氧处理 ,整套工艺只是在增加了厌氧反应器后 ,处理出水COD值可由改造前的 2 0 0 0mg/L变为改造后的10 0mg/L ,低于国家污水综合排放一级标准 ,并且运行费用比改造前相比明显降低。工程实践表明 ,该工艺在处理高浓度有机废水中具有很高推广价值     

Fe3+存在下制浆中段废水好氧活性污泥的驯化

研究了Fe³⁺存在下处理制浆中段废水的好氧活性污泥的驯化过程。首先通过Fe³⁺对微生物生长曲线的影响确定Fe³⁺最佳用量为30 mg/L;然后在Fe³⁺用量为30 mg/L下,采用制浆中段废水对好氧活性污泥进行驯化,并设置不加Fe³⁺的空白组对照。结果表明,整个驯化过程中,加Fe³⁺组COD_Cr去除率和污染物去除率(以UV-254减少率表示)均高于空白组;驯化结束后,加Fe³⁺组和空白组COD_Cr去除率分别达78.2%和76.0%,污染物去除率分别为50.0%和37.7%。通过对脱氢酶活性的分析表明,加Fe³⁺组活性高于空白组。     

杨木CTMP废水厌氧发酵可行性研究

应用生物鉴定技术测定杨木ＣＴＭＰ废液生物产甲烷势（ＢＭＰ），进行废液中有毒物质对产甲烷菌的毒性鉴定（ＡＴＡ），并从间歇除毒试验结果选择除硫方法和确定最佳投药量。杨木未漂ＣＴＭＰ废液总硫含量为２２６０ｍｇ／ｌ，ＣＯＤ／Ｓ比值为３．７，采用接触法中温厌氧发酵达到的技术指标为：ＣＯＤ容积负荷４．４ｇ／ｌ·ｄ；ＣＯＤ去除率达５８％；甲烷产气率为１３０ｍｌ／去除ｌｇＣＯＤ。     

UASB反应器废糖蜜在启动阶段的废水处理和生物制氢

在启动阶段,对传统上流式厌氧污泥层反应器(UASB)和改良的UASB反应器去除化学需氧量(COD)和发酵生物制氢进行了研究和比较.改性UASB反应器和常规UASB反应器的最大COD去除率分别为82和68.4％,最大产氢率(HPR)分别为 188.99 mmol-h2 L-1h-1 和 117.03 mmol-h2 L-...     

水解酸化-好氧工艺处理OCC废纸造纸废水

采用水解酸化(ABR)-好氧工艺处理废纸制浆造纸废水，研究结果表明，水力停留时间的改变对于ABR反应器的处理效果影响不大，但对接触氧化反应器的运行有较明显的影响。水力停留时间6h时，ABR反应器出水的BOD5／CODCr可达0．56，可生化性明显提高。在稳定流量条件下，进水pH值对CODCr的去除有较大影响。pU值为6时，总出水CODCr的去除率达94．7％，ABR出水的可生化性最好，BOD5／CODCr为0．57。     

立体式厌氧/好氧反应池处理垃圾渗滤液的工程应用

介绍了某垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液厌氧出水的处理工程,采用立体式厌氧/好氧反应池处理工艺。对反应池启动和调试过程中污染物的去除效果进行了分析。结果表明,当处理负荷为COD 1.8 kg/(m3·d)和NH3-N 0.36 kg/(m3·d)左右时,出水COD和NH3-N质量浓度分别低于1 900 mg/L和180 mg/L,两者去除率分别高达80%和90%左右。经过120 d满负荷运行,反应池展现出较好的抗冲击负荷能力,出水指标均达到设计要求,经过后续MBR处理可以达到3级排放标准。该工程能够有效节约占地面积。