用镧金属和镧硅铁合金制取蠕墨铸铁的研究

本文研究了用镧金属和镧硅铁合金制取蠕铁的工艺,并且提供了蠕铁的金相照片、深腐蚀照片及机械性能数据。研究表明,用镧金属和镧硅铁合金作蠕化剂可以比其它蠕化剂(如铈和铈硅铁合金)更容易地制取蠕铁,镧金属和镧硅铁合金是很有前途的制取蠕铁的添加剂。镧硅铁合金处理低硫和中硫原铁水制取蠕铁的加入量范围分别为1.0～3.0%和2.1～3.0%。用镧金属及镧硅铁合金直接处理中硫和高硫原铁水制取蠕墨铸铁在经济上是不可取的,建议采取预脱硫措施。     

稀土耐热蠕墨铸铁的试验研究

采用稀土为主的含低沸点元素的蠕化剂生产了耐热蠕墨铸铁。研究了稀土耐热蠕墨铸铁的抗氧化、抗生长及热疲劳性能。结果表明，所研制的稀土耐热蠕墨铸铁具有优良的耐热性能     

稀土镁铜多元复合蠕化剂的研制

作者在研究了微量元素镁、铜、铝、钙及硫对稀土蠕铁中稀土残留量范围的影响及对蠕铁白口倾向影响的基础上，设计了稀土镁银多元复合蠕化剂。该合金适用于在冲天炉铁水条件下生产薄壁及一般壁厚的蠕铁铸件，具有处理时铁水适度沸腾，反应动力学条件好，脱硫能力强，蠕铁白口倾向小，处理简便，蠕化效果稳定，蠕化剂残量范围宽等特点。     

蠕化剂加入量对蠕墨铸铁组织和性能的影响

以3M78缸体为研究对象,使用自制蠕化剂,通过金相观察和力学性能测试,系统研究了不同蠕化剂加入量对蠕墨铸铁的石墨形态、力学性能和壁厚敏感性的影响。实验结果表明,随着蠕化剂加入量的增加,石墨发生由片状向蠕虫状再向球状形态的转变,力学性能逐渐提高。铸件蠕化效果受壁厚敏感性影响显著,壁厚较薄处蠕化率相对较低。对于3M78缸体,蠕化剂最佳加入范围为0.325%~0.335%,加入量为0.33%时,壁厚为5 mm、12 mm、27 mm部位处的蠕化率分别高达65%、80%、85%。研究结果为蠕墨铸铁发动机缸体的稳定生产提供技术参考。     

铸铁管生产中降低金属消耗的探讨

鞍钢铸管厂的生产实践表明,大口径铸铁管采用球墨铸铁材料,中小口径铸铁管采用稀土蠕墨铸铁材料来制造,与用灰口铸铁材料制造的铸铁管、涂层管等相比,具有降低金属消耗、节约能源、给生产厂和用户带来巨大经济效益等优点,也是铸管行业赶超国际先进水平的必要措施。     

铸铁模材质的研究及改进

简要介绍选用蠕墨铸铁作为铸铁模材质的原因、试制的工艺措施及装机服役情况，并分析了蠕墨铸铁模的使用寿命与其材质中的石墨形态的关系，指出蠕墨铸铁模的使用寿命主要取决于其本身的蠕化率。     

喂线工艺生产蠕铁柴油机缸体缸盖的技术

本文介绍了蠕墨铸铁柴油机缸体缸盖的喂线生产铸造工艺技术。研究了喂线法与热分析技术相结合的蠕墨铸铁生产工艺。该工艺既有喂线法精确控制喂线量的优点,又能通过热分析技术对铁液蠕化效果进行预判,能够保证蠕化效果,可以应用于缸体缸盖等蠕墨铸铁件的批量生产。同时分析了蠕墨铸铁生产工艺过程中存在的问题,提出了解决措施。     

蠕墨铸铁生产工艺控制

以Z14号生铁为原料,用中频炉熔炼原铁液,加入1.1%的FeSiMg4Re17作为蠕化剂,1%的FeSi75作为孕育剂,采用平底包冲入法蠕化处理原铁液,控制出铁温度为1420～1450℃,待反应结束后在10min内浇注完毕,可获得合格的蠕墨铸铁工件.检测表明,所生产的铸件成分稳定,石墨蠕化率为62%,机械性能达到国家标准.     

铸铁材质铝锭模生产实践

通过比较灰口铸铁、球墨铸铁、蠕墨铸铁生产的铝锭模成分、金相组织和性能,设计了铝锭模生产所用的蠕墨铸铁成分、组织、工艺参数。采用共晶点附近成分,碳当量(CE)为4.16,蠕化率为50%,基体组织为50%珠光体+铁素体的蠕墨铸铁作为铝锭模的生产材料。生产实践证明:用作铝锭模材料,蠕墨铸铁使用寿命是灰铸铁(HT250)和球墨铸铁的2倍多。     

石墨形态和铬含量对铸铁干摩擦学性能的影响

使用ＭＭ—２００磨损试验机研究了石墨形态和铬含量对铸铁与石棉基摩擦材料配副时的干摩擦学性能。结果表明,蠕墨铸铁的磨损率最低;摩擦系数由高到低依次为：片墨铸铁、蠕墨铸铁、球墨铸铁。蠕墨铸铁中,随着铬含量的增加,耐磨性能明显提高,摩擦系数略有降低。在高速、高载荷条件下,铬含量的质量分数达到１．５％时,耐磨性可达普通蠕墨铸铁的４倍以上;随着载荷的增加,蠕墨铸铁的摩擦系数降低,磨损率提高。在高速条件下,摩擦系数降低的幅度比在低速条件下小。铬改善蠕墨铸铁干摩擦学性能的效果在高速使用条件下更为突出。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)