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介绍了胶团强化超滤技术(Micelleenhanced uhrafiltration,MEUF)的原理、膜的选择、主要影响因素和存在的问题及改进方向,着重阐述了胶团强化超滤在废水处理方面的应用及研究进展。 相似文献
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利用低浓度的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),对含Zn^2+废水进行了胶团强化超滤(MEUF)研究.结果表明:进料液的静置时间为3h时,Zn^2+在SDS胶团上的吸附达到平衡状态。当Zn^2+的浓度一定时,由于发生在膜表面的浓差极化现象的影响,在进料液中投加浓度低于1倍临界胶束浓度(CMC)的SDS,不但在很大程度上降低了SDS的用量,而且亦可获得较高的Zn^2+截留率和渗透通量,Zn^2+的截留率主要受膜表面SDS浓度的影响。随着进料液中SDS浓度的升高,渗透通量逐渐降低,而渗透液中SDS的浓度随之不断增大,但无论进料液中SDS浓度有多大,渗透液中SDS的浓度都不会高于1倍CMC(2.25g/L),所以渗透液中的SDS的损失相对较小。Zn^2+截留率随进料液中Zn^2+浓度逐步增大而逐渐减小,基于低浓度表面活性剂的胶团强化超滤技术适宜处理低浓度含Zn^2+废水. 相似文献
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采用胶团强化超滤(MEUF)-泡沫分离(FF)组合工艺,对含镉重金属废水进行深度处理.探讨了两种技术联用对分离效果的影响.结果表明,表面活性剂SDS和金属Cd2 离子浓度对分离效果有很大的影响.MEUF-FF联用后,大大降低了表面活性剂SDS用量,节省了经济成本.相比于单一的MEUF,MEUF-FF联用后能降低出水中SDS浓度,显著提高Cd2 分离效率.经过组合工艺处理后,Cd2 出水的浓度小于0.1mg/L,满足国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996). 相似文献
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我国制胶行业至今把制胶废水处理当成一个难题。本研究提供一种高效处理制胶废水新工艺,是在反应塔中同时进行氧化、沉淀、絮凝、气浮的高效处理方法。污染物的去除率>90%,排放水质达到国家排放标准。工程投资与处理费用仅为常规处理方法的1/4。本法具有方法简单、投资省、处理效率高、效果好,处理费用低等优点、适用于制胶、制革、造纸、食品等有机废水及含重金属废水的处理。 相似文献
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Pluronic嵌段共聚物胶束化行为及其胶束增溶 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
两亲性质的Pluronic嵌段共聚物在合适条件下能自发形成内核很大的稳定胶束 ,其胶束化行为复杂 ,初步的研究深化了对两亲分子自组织机理的认识。实验发现这类胶束具有很强的增溶油溶性物质的能力 ,由于这些分子单体和胶束化行为的特点 ,可望利用这类嵌段共聚物实现在增溶应用场合中的突破。综述Pluronic嵌段共聚物的胶束化行为和胶束增溶规律的当前研究进展 相似文献
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化妆品生产过程中产生大量的阴离子表面活性剂废水,具有有机物浓度高和易产生泡沫的特点,影响普通超滤膜生物反应器(UMBR)的处理效果和稳定运行。采用自制的电极超滤膜生物反应器(EMBR)处理阴离子表面活性剂废水,考察电流强度对EMBR污染物处理效果和活性污泥性质的影响,探索膜污染的机理。结果表明:与UMBR相比,在电场能的作用下,EMBR滤饼层的有机物含量较低,跨膜压差(TMP)降低50%左右,膜污染较轻。当电流强度为10 mA时,COD去除率和微生物活性最高,分别为97.92%和41.6 mg/(g TSS·h);滤饼层有机物含量最低,PN、PS和HA的浓度分别为5.6、8.02、0.85 mg/L。较低的电流强度即可促进微生物活性和污染物去除率的提高,有效控制膜污染。 相似文献
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化妆品生产过程中产生大量的阴离子表面活性剂废水,具有有机物浓度高和易产生泡沫的特点,影响普通超滤膜生物反应器(UMBR)的处理效果和稳定运行。采用自制的电极超滤膜生物反应器(EMBR)处理阴离子表面活性剂废水,考察电流强度对EMBR污染物处理效果和活性污泥性质的影响,探索膜污染的机理。结果表明:与UMBR相比,在电场能的作用下,EMBR滤饼层的有机物含量较低,跨膜压差(TMP)降低50%左右,膜污染较轻。当电流强度为10 mA时,COD去除率和微生物活性最高,分别为97.92%和41.6 mg/(g TSS·h);滤饼层有机物含量最低,PN、PS和HA的浓度分别为5.6、8.02、0.85 mg/L。较低的电流强度即可促进微生物活性和污染物去除率的提高,有效控制膜污染。 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(4):257-284
Abstract Traditional ultrafiltration is ineffective at removing dissolved low molecular weight organics from water. In micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF), surfactant is added to the water at concentrations well above the critical micelle concentration. Almost all of the organic originally dissolved (the solute) solubilizes in the micelles formed by the surfactant. The solution then passes through an ultrafiltration membrane with pores small enough to block micelle passage. The permeate contains (at most) only the unsolubilized solute and the surfactant monomer, both at very low concentrations. In this work, the criteria for selecting a surfactant are considered and MEUF is tested on an aqueous stream containing 4-tert-butyl-phenol with hexadecylpyridinium chloride as the surfactant. At high surfactant concentrations (0.25 M) in the retentate, rejections decrease, probably owing to the formation of n-mers (e.g., dimers, trimers, etc.) which are able to pass through the pores along with some solubilized solute. Also under these conditions, the viscosity increases while fluxes decline sharply. So long as these high surfactant concentrations are avoided, MEUF is an extremely effective separation technique, resulting in an average solute rejection of 99.7%, a permeate/feed ratio of 87%, and good fluxes under the conditions studied. 相似文献
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膨润土廉价易得且有很强的吸附性能,用各种表面活性剂与膨润土制取有机膨润土的技术已经比较成熟。该文对有机膨润土吸附水中三唑酮进行了研究。结果表明吸附等温曲线呈线性,主要为分配作用,吸附作用的大小由有机膨润土中有机碳的含量决定,并与表面活性剂的种类、组成及配比有关;阳非离子有机膨润土有机碳含量最高,其对水中三唑酮的吸附能力也最强,有望成为水体或废水中有机农药甚至其他有机污染物去除的新技术。 相似文献
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Jinhui Huang Liuxia Liu Guangming Zeng Xue Li Lei Peng Fei Li Yongbing Jiang Yong Zhao Xiaolong Huang 《Desalination》2014
Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) is a promising technology developed for treating the wastewater containing metal ions or organic pollutants. One of the greatest problems in MEUF is membrane fouling which is mainly caused by concentration polarization, gel layer or cake formation caused by the deposition of surfactant micelles on the membrane surface and surfactant adsorption in the membrane interior. In this study, surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which was used in membrane separation as colloidal particles, caused the flux decline. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) and feed concentration of SDS had significant influences on the flux. This paper presented that the lower TMP had a smaller effect on membrane fouling, and when SDS concentration was around the critical micelle concentration (CMC), lower permeate flux and higher additional membrane fouling resistance were obtained. The effects of three kinds of hydraulic flushing methods on membrane permeate flux were investigated, including periodic forward flushing, periodic backwashing and forward flushing followed by backwashing. It was found that when the periodic combined flushing interval was 10 min, forward flushing and backwashing phase times were 150 s and 90 s, respectively, and that combined flushing was more conductive to permeate flux recovery in this study. 相似文献
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Jesús F. Ontiveros Johnny Bullón Antonio Cárdenas 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2023,26(3):345-355
Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration is a surfactant-based separation process for wastewater treatment. The ultrafiltration of dodecyl pyridinium chloride (DPC) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) solutions was realized with 5 kDa and 15 kDa molecular weight cut-off ceramic membranes. Surfactant concentrations under and over the micellar critical concentration at three different pressures were studied, and their effects on permeate flux and retention are reported. It was found that an increase in pressure operation, in 0.8–1.8 bar range, causes a lower surfactant concentration in permeate by the presence of a polarization layer. These systems were studied for phenol removal. DPC/phenol system (73.5 mM/0.53 mM) reaches a 61% removal of organic solute. SDBS/phenol system (14.7 mM/0.58 mM) reaches a 25% removal, both with 5 kDa membrane at 1.8 bar. In the case of the cationic surfactant the micelle's positive charge plays a preponderant role in attracting the phenol molecules, while the SDBS does not present this electrostatic interaction. 相似文献
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构建了连续砂滤-超滤中试组合工艺,研究了其的除污染效能。结果表明,增加滤层厚度、降低滤速及延长洗砂周期均有助于提高连续砂滤的除污染效果。加氯反冲洗对超滤的除浊效果无影响,可以更有效地洗脱类腐殖质、类蛋白质以及微生物代谢产物等污染物,洗脱率比水力反冲洗的分别提高了57.9%、99.7%和107.3%,有效缓解了超滤的不可逆膜污染,超滤系统可以长期稳定运行,不需进行化学清洗。组合工艺的浊度去除效果极佳,出水浊度始终低于0.1 NTU;CODMn和UV254的去除率分别达34.2%和21.8%。连续砂滤有效控制了微污染原水的浊度和有机物含量,确保超滤系统可以稳定运行。研究成果可为微污染水源水的物化处理工艺提供技术支持。 相似文献