Ag—Cu纳米合金的微观结构

利用高分辨电镜（ＨＲＥＭ）对气相凝聚法制备的Ａｇ１－ｘＣｕｘ（０．０５≤ｘ≤０．４０）纳米合金样品中的微观结构进行了研究．结果表明，在所有合金样品中，都没有观察到明显的界面亚稳相的形成，且晶界具有有序的原子结构样品中两组元的等轴纳米晶粒分布均匀，但随着Ｃｕ含量的增加，Ｃｕ颗粒出现明显的偏聚和粗化；与稳定相相比，富Ａｇ和富Ｃｕ相的点阵常数没有发生显著的变化．     

Ag—Cu—Si三元合金体系液相线

采用ＤＴＡ法测定了富Ａｇ－Ｃｕ区的Ａｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｓｉ三元合金系的液相面。Ａｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｓｉ三元系被Ａｇ－Ｃｕ０．７６Ｓｉ０．２４截面分为Ａｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｃｕ０．７６Ｓｉ０．２４及Ａｇ－Ｃｕ０．７６Ｓｉ０．２４－Ｓｉ两个伪三元系,它们各有一个三元低共熔点分别为７４０和７０５℃,相应组成（原子分数）分别为１２．５％Ａｇ＋７１．７％Ｃｕ＋１５．８％Ｓｉ和３０％Ａｇ＋４４．７％Ｃｕ＋２５．３％Ｓｉ。     

钴对Ag—Cu—Pd合金钎料性能的影响

研究结果表明,在Ａｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｐｄ合金钎料中添加０．２－１．０ｗｔ％Ｃｏ后,对钎料的物理性能,电学性能以及力学性能无明显影响,但对ＢＡｇ６５ＣｕＰｄ钎料在某些母材上过度的铺展性确有显著地抑制作用,Ａｇ６５Ｃｕ２０Ｐｄ１５－ｘＣｏｘ钎料可以部分地取代电子器件中的金基纤料。     

Cd对AlSi7Cu2Mg合金机械性能和组织的影响

研究了０～０．５％Ｃｄ对铸造ＡＩＳｉ７Ｃｕ２Ｍｇ合金机械性能和组织的影响。在该合金中加入适当微量Ｃｄ能使热处理后的抗拉强度提高２５ＭＰａ以上。合金含有０．１５％～０，３％ｃｄ时具有好的综合性能。Ｃｄ提高合金的强度是由于它促进Ｃｕ的时效强化引起的。ｃｄ在该合金ａ－Ａｌ基体中的固溶量有限，不能固溶的Ｃｄ形成多种类型富Ｃｄ相，降低热处理后的机械性能。     

(Fe,Cu,Nb)_(77.5)Si_xB_(22.5-x)纳米晶合金的结构和磁性研究SCIEI

研究了Ｆｅ_（７４．５）Ｃｕ_１Ｎｂ_２Ｓｉ_ｘＢ_（２２．５－ｘ）纳米晶合金中Ｓｉ（Ｂ）含量的变化（ｘ＝９．５－１７．５）对其结构和磁性的影响．结果表明，随着ｘ的增高，合金的Ｃｕｒｉｅ温度及点阵常数皆呈线性下降．由此推定α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）纳米晶粒中的Ｓｉ含量ｘ_α随ｘ增高而线性升高，并符合下列关系ｘα＝０．６２６ｘ＋１０．５实验结果说明，非晶态合金的λｓ值随ｘ的增加而上升，但晶化后合金的λｓ值随ｘ的增加而降低．在一定温度退火后的合金中，纳米晶的体积百分数Ｖｘ随ｘ的增大而增加．     

Cu基形状记忆合金的时效

对比研究了时效对亚共析Ｃｕ－１２．０Ａｌ－５．０Ｎｉ－２．０Ｍｎ－１．０Ｔｉ（ｗｔ．－％）合金与Ｃｕ－２０．０Ｚｎ－６．０Ａｌ－微量Ｂ（ｗｔ．－％）合金热稳定性的影响。结果表明，无论在母相状态或马氏体相状态，Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ合金的时效热稳定性均远优于Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金。Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ合金母相状态时效伴随着ＤＯ＿３有序畴长大，基体中Ａｌ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｎ等元素贫化，导致Ｍ＿ｓ点升高，马氏体转变量降低。Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金母相状态时效伴随贝氏体转变，引起基体富Ｚｎ富Ａｌ，导致Ｍ＿ｓ点下降，马氏体量降低。Ｃｕ－Ａｌ－Ｎｉ合金高的时效热稳定性可能来源于Ｎｉ对Ａｌ、Ｃｕ等原子扩散的阻碍作用。     

贮氢电极合金Ml（NiMnTi）4.2Co0.8—XFex（x=0—0.8）的电化学性能

详细地研究了Ｍｌ（ＮｉＭｎＴｉ）４．２Ｃｏ０．８－ｘＦｅｘ（ｘ＝０－０．８）合金的电化学性能。试验发现,随着Ｆｅ含量ｘ从０增加至０．,合金的活化性能得到改善,但最大放电容量从３０２ｍＡｈ／ｇ逐渐降低到２８０ｍＡｈ／ｇ,高倍率放电性能从７８．５％缓慢降至７２．５％;当Ｆｅ含量ｘ≤０．４时,合金的自放电率与高Ｃｏ合金（ｘ＝０）相比有所降低,但当Ｆｅ含量ｘ超过０．４后,合金的自放电率较高Ｃｏ合金有所上升     

(Fe,Cu,Nb)_(77.5)Si_xB_(22.5-x)纳米晶合金的结构和磁性研究

研究了Ｆｅ_（７４．５）Ｃｕ_１Ｎｂ_２Ｓｉ_ｘＢ_（２２．５－ｘ）纳米晶合金中Ｓｉ（Ｂ）含量的变化（ｘ＝９．５－１７．５）对其结构和磁性的影响．结果表明，随着ｘ的增高，合金的Ｃｕｒｉｅ温度及点阵常数皆呈线性下降．由此推定α－Ｆｅ（Ｓｉ）纳米晶粒中的Ｓｉ含量ｘ_α随ｘ增高而线性升高，并符合下列关系ｘα＝０．６２６ｘ＋１０．５实验结果说明，非晶态合金的λｓ值随ｘ的增加而上升，但晶化后合金的λｓ值随ｘ的增加而降低．在一定温度退火后的合金中，纳米晶的体积百分数Ｖｘ随ｘ的增大而增加．     

LnBa_（2－x）Ca_xCu_3O_y（Ln＝Y、Yb）的超导电性

制备了ＹＢａ（２－ｘ）ＣａｘＣｕ３Ｏｙ，和ＹｂＢａ（２－ｘ）ＣａｘＣｕ３Ｏｙ（０≤ｘ≤１．２）的样品。两个体系的Ｔｃ值都表现出随ｘ非单调变化的现象，但Ｙ系的Ｔｃ下降幅度比Ｙｂ系的大得多，这可能是掺Ｙｂ、Ｃａ引起体系氧含量下降、同时掺Ｃａ加强了晶格中原子间相互作用和Ｃｕ－Ｏ面与Ｃｕ－Ｏ链的耦合两种效应共同作用的结果。     

高能球磨在MmNi_(5-x)(Co,Al,Mn)_x/Mg体系中诱发的固态反应及纳米相复合储氢合金的形成

借助Ｘ射线衍射及透射电镜研究了ＭｍＮｉ(５－ｘ)（Ｃｏ,ＡＩ,Ｍｎ）ｘ／Ｍｇ混合粉末在高能球磨过程中的相交及其结构变化,证实高能球磨过程中ＭｍＮｉ(５－ｘ)（Ｃｏ,Ａｌ,Ｍｎ）ｘ与Ｍｇ之间发生了固态反应,并最终形成了纳米相复合结构．通过精确测定点阵常数和用Ｍｉｅｄｅｍａ方法估算反应的生成热,给出了可能的固态反应的反应式吸氢特性测定表明球磨制备的纳米相复合储氢合金有较好的性能通过对球磨后再退火的样品进行分析,进一步研究了所获得纳米相复合结构稳定性及其相交     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.