Pt/MoO3/ZrO2催化剂的制备及三效催化性能的研

采用浸渍法制备了MoO₃/ZrO₂, 用低温氮吸附-脱附法和NH3-程序升温脱附法(TPD)分别对其比表面积和酸碱性进行了表征. 结果表明, MoO₃/ZrO₂具有106.8m²/g的比表面积和超强酸的性能. 用等体积浸渍法制备了Pt/MoO₃/ZrO₂催化剂, 在汽车尾气模拟气中考察了其对C₃H₈、CO和NO的催化活性.与传统三效催化剂Pt/La₂O₃/Al₂O₃相比较, Pt/MoO₃/ZrO₂具有更好的低温起燃性能和更宽的空燃比窗口, 并显著地改善了C₃H₈在富氧状态下的转化效率. 通过XRD、H₂-TPR对催化剂进行了表征, 结果表明, Pt在催化剂载体上具有高度的分散性和优异的氧化还原性能.     

Fe添加对Cu/Zn/ZrO2催化剂CO2加氢合成低碳醇性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了添加不同Fe含量的Cu/Zn/ZrO2催化剂,在523 K、3.0 MPa和3000 h-1的条件下,考察了不同Fe含量对Cu/Zn/ZrO2催化剂上CO2加氢合成低碳混合醇性能的影响.并采用低温N2吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:在Cu/Zn/ZrO2催化剂中加入适量的Fe后,可以提高催化剂的活性、醇的时空产率(STY)以及C2+醇的选择性.     

制备方法对Cu/La2O3催化剂上醇转移脱氢性能的影响

采用沉积-沉淀法(DP)、共沉淀法(CP)和浸渍法(IMP)制备了Cu/La2O3催化剂,并用ICP-AES、BET、XRD、H2-TPR及TEM等对催化剂进行了表征,以1-辛醇转移脱氢制备1-辛醛的反应为探针反应研究了不同的制备方法对Cu/La2O3催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,与采用共沉淀法(CP)和浸渍法(IMP)制备的催化剂相比,沉积-沉淀法(DP)制备的Cu/La2O3催化剂具有更大的比表面积和更高分散度的Cu物种,使得Cu/La2O3催化剂在1-辛醇液相转移脱氢制1-辛醛的反应中具有更好的转移脱氢活性。     

不同制备方法对CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3材料性能的影响

分别采用共沉淀法、胶溶法和胶溶?共沉淀法制备了Ce0.5Zr0.5O2(12wt%)-Al2O3(CZA)储氧材料,并通过XRD、低温N2吸附?脱附、氧脉冲吸附(OSC)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和O2-程序升温脱附(O2-TPD)等手段进行了表征.材料经过1000℃焙烧后,XRD结果表明,三种方法制备的样品均存在CeO2-ZrO2立方萤石和γ-Al2O3两种晶型.N2吸附?脱附结果表明,胶溶?共沉淀法制备的样品,具有最大的比表面积和孔容,分别为146.2m2/g和0.5mL/g,且有最佳的孔径分布;氧脉冲吸附(OSC)和H2-TPR结果表明胶溶?共沉淀法制备的材料,具有最佳的储氧性能和还原能力;同时实验还比较了经1100℃焙烧对几种方法制备样品性能的影响.     

La改性固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3的制备及催化性能研究

采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备了固体超强酸S2O82-/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂,并加入La对催化剂进行改性。以柠檬酸三丁酯的合成为探针反应评价催化剂的活性,并通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、NH3程序升温脱附等方法对催化剂进行表征,考察制备条件及La的引入对催化剂结构和性能的影响。结果表明:(NH4)2S2O8溶液浸渍浓度为0.5mol/L,锆铝氧化物物质的量比为1∶1,600℃焙烧4h后于1%(质量分数)的La(NO3)3溶液浸渍所得的催化剂活性较好,柠檬酸的转化率可达93.69%。La的引入可以提高催化剂对S2O82-的结合能力,抑制活性组分的分解,增加催化剂的酸强度和酸总量,提高催化剂的活性。     

H_2还原预处理CuO/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂对其催化燃烧甲苯活性的影响

用浸渍法和H2还原预处理法制备两种CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并用N2吸附脱附、XRD、TPR和CO化学吸附对经H2还原处理前后的催化剂进行表征,比较两种催化剂催化氧化(燃烧)甲苯的活性。研究结果表明,与浸渍法制备的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂相比,经H2还原预处理,再次焙烧后得到的CuO/γ-Al2O3/HR催化剂对甲苯催化燃烧活性明显提高。XRD和TPR分析表明,H2还原预处理提高了催化剂表面活性组分CuO的分散度、还原能力,同时,还降低了CuO的晶体尺寸,从而提高了催化剂催化氧化甲苯的活性。     

SO42-/ZrO2固体酸的超声快速制备及表征

在沉淀和浸渍过程中都分别施加超声波快速制备了SO42-/ZrO2固体酸。利用XRD、FT-IR、TG-DTA、BET和NH3-TPD等方法对样品进行分析表征,探讨超声作用对固体酸中ZrO2晶粒粒径、样品比表面积、热稳定性和酸性等的影响。结果表明,超声制备SO42-/ZrO2形成超强酸结构的适宜焙烧温度为550℃。与常规法相比,超声波的引入能获得较小晶粒的ZrO2,并强化了浸渍过程中与高价硫的结合,所得样品比表面积增大,并可以提高催化剂的酸强度以及改变催化剂酸量分布。     

可见光响应Pt沉积La2O3/TiO2制备及其对甲苯的光热催化去除

以钛酸四丁酯和硝酸镧为原料,采用溶胶—凝胶法制备La2O3/TiO2,通过光沉积法在La2O3/TiO2表面负载纳米Pt粒子.采用XPS、FTIR、XRD、DRS、TEM和低温氮物理吸附对光催化剂的晶体结构、光谱特征和表面结构进行表征.考察了催化剂在可见光下对甲苯的去除性能和温度对催化剂去除甲苯的影响.结果表明,沉积的Pt以单质和吸附氧的形式存在,其中以吸附氧的形式为主.Pt的掺入没有引起TiO2相结构的变化,减小了晶粒尺寸并增大了催化剂的比表面积.纳米Pt均匀地分布在La2O3/TiO2上,尺寸分布比较均一,大约为5～10nm.Pt-La2O3/TiO2的表面羟基官能团伸缩振动明显增强,比TiO2和La2O3/TiO2具有更高的可见光催化活性.Pt-La2O3/TiO2对甲苯的降解率,随着温度的升高而增大,产生了与光催化作用平行的热催化作用.气相甲苯光热催化过程不是光催化与热催化的简单叠加,而是存在协同作用.     

Pd-ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂对丙烯选择性催化还原NO的催化活性研究

采用浸渍法制备了具有高比表面积的氧化铝负载的Pd-ZrO2复合物催化剂(Pd-ZrO2/Al2O3),利用BET、XRD、TEM等手段研究了该复合物催化剂的物理特性,并重点研究了该复合物催化剂对以C3H6为还原剂选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的催化反应活性,分别讨论了反应温度、组分、焙烧温度、原料气组分、空速等因素对该催化反应的影响.结果发现,少量的Pd纳米粒子均匀分散于载体氧化铝上,添加适量ZrO2后,所制备的低负载量的Pd(1wt%)-ZrO2(2wt%)/Al2O3复合物催化剂具有较高的NO选择性催化还原反应活性,在240～250℃可使NO的转化率达到50%～70%.其活性提高的机制在于适量ZrO2的添加增强了反应物中NO和C3H6在催化剂表面的吸附,同时与Pd催化剂形成一种协同催化作用.     

CuO/Ce1-xAlxO2催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究

以硝酸盐为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,十六烷基溴化铵(CTAB)为模板,采用化学沉淀法合成介孔Ce1-xAlxO复合物,再用浸渍法制备CuO/Ce1-xAlxO2催化剂.利用X射线衍射和N2吸脱附表征催化剂的结构,结果显示催化剂为介孔立方萤石结构.采用H2-TPR评价其氧活性,O2-TPD和CO-TPD评价其吸附性能,以探索不同物质的量配比铈铝复合物对催化剂性能的影响.     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Interfacial microstructure of NiSix/HfO2/SiOx/Si gate stacks

Integration of NiSi_x based fully silicided metal gates with HfO₂ high-k gate dielectrics offers promise for further scaling of complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor devices. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small probe electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been applied to study interfacial reactions in the undoped gate stack. NiSi was found to be polycrystalline with the grain size decreasing from top to bottom of NiSi_x film. Ni content varies near the NiSi/HfO_x interface whereby both Ni-rich and monosilicide phases were observed. Spatially non-uniform distribution of oxygen along NiSi_x/HfO₂ interface was observed by dark field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and EELS. Interfacial roughness of NiSi_x/HfO_x was found higher than that of poly-Si/HfO₂, likely due to compositional non-uniformity of NiSi_x. No intermixing between Hf, Ni and Si beyond interfacial roughness was observed.     

Properties of CdxPb1−xTe thin films

Thin films of Cd_xPb_1?xTe have been grown on mica substrates using a flash evaporation technique and isothermal substrate heaters. The Cd concentration of the films was found to increase with decreasing substrate temperature and increasing deposition rates. The Hall coefficient changed from positive to negative with increasing substrate temperature, as did the Seebeck coefficient. Both these changes were associated with an increase in the rate of re-evaporation of Te and an improvement in the crystallinity of the films. Carrier mobilities less than bulk values were obtained; scattering mechanisms are discussed.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Bibliography of high-Tcsuperconductivity

Bibliography of high-T _c superconductivity     

Optical and electrical H/sub 2/- and NO/sub 2/-sensing properties of Au/In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ films

In this paper, we describe the optical and electrical gas-sensing properties of In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ films with an ultrathin gold promoter overlayer. We have fabricated In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ films with a nanocrystalline porous structure by RF-sputtering in Ar/N/sub 2/ followed by an annealing process. Gold particles with 20-30-nm diameter have been formed on top of the In/sub x/O/sub y/N/sub z/ films by dc sputtering and an annealing process. We have investigated the optical H/sub 2/and NO/sub 2/-sensing properties (change of absorbance) and also the electrical sensing effect (change of electrical resistance) for these two gases. A combined optical/electrical sensor for H/sub 2//NO/sub 2/ is proposed.     

Effect of pressure onTc in La2-xBaxCuO4 withx=0.125

The superconducting transition temperature,T _c , of La_2–x Ba _x CuO₄ has been measured under high pressure up to 8 GPa.T _c is found to change drastically at the pressure where the structural phase transition takes place. This finding clearly indicates that there exists an intimate relation between the crystal structure and superconductivity.     

t-Model mechanism of high-Tc cuprates

A doublon formalism ofd-p model Hubbard Hamiltonian is studied only with transfer integrals, and without the superexchange term. This gives excellent doping-dependent features ofT _c in high-T _c cuprates.