曝气生物滤池去除水中氨氮的试验研究

珠江原水的氨氮平均浓度为3 mg/L,对其进行常规处理以及曝气生物滤池 常规工艺处理中试对比研究,结果表明:常规工艺对氨氮的去除率较低,平均为48.45%;而曝气生物滤池预处理工艺对氨氮的平均去除率可达81.2%,其出水氨氮平均浓度降为0.52 mg/L,大大减轻了后续工艺的处理负荷.再经常规工艺处理后,出水氨氮平均浓度为0.09 mg/L,满足《城市供水水质标准》(CJ/T 206-2005)的要求.     

生物曝气滤池处理生活污水工艺特性研究

以小试规模研究了生物曝气滤池处理生活污水时对COD ,NH3-N的去除 ,在最佳工艺条件 (HRT =1 5 9h ,气水比 =7∶1)下 ,NH3-N的平均去除率为 74 2 % ,出水NH3-N≤ 15mg/L ,COD≤ 6 0mg/L ,BOD≤ 2 0mg/L ,SS≤ 2 0mg/L。探讨了COD负荷、NH3-N负荷、反冲洗和气水比对生物曝气滤池运行效果的影响     

曝气生物滤地在污水回用中去除氨氮的试验研究

采用曝气生物滤地(BAF)工艺处理某污水处理厂模拟二级出水,研究了水力负荷及滤料层高度对NH_3-N去除效果的影响.试验结果表明,当进水NH_3-N≤25 mg/L时,平均NH_3-N去除率达到93.12%,出水NH_3-N可降至3 mg/L以下.当水力负荷为1.44 m~3/(m~2·h),HRT为1.8 h时,氨氮的去除效果最好,去除率达到95.32%,出水NH_3-N在1.5 mg/L以下.BAF对NH_3-N的去除作用主要发生在滤料的中上层.     

污水二级处理出水深度处理的试验研究

本文对曝气生物滤池用于城市污水和工业废水的深度处理进行了试验研究。分析了曝气生物滤池、纤维球过滤作为主体工艺对城市污水二级处理厂出水进行深度处理的工艺可行性 ;研究了曝气生物滤池的运行特性 ;考察了采用曝气生物滤池、纤维过滤、活性炭吸附、微滤以及反渗透工艺对工业废水二级出水进行深度处理后回用于循环冷却水系统补水的可行性和可靠性。试验结果表明 :①曝气生物滤池对二级处理后的城市污水 (试验Ⅰ )和工业废水 (试验Ⅱ )中COD的去除率分别为2 5 1%和 5 5 6 % ,出水COD浓度为 33mg/L和 33 6mg/L ,对BOD均有 70 %以上的去除率 ,并且对SS及浊度、氨氮均有很高的去除率 ;②曝气生物滤池对SS与浊度的去除率随进水滤速升高呈直线下降趋势 ,而对COD的去除率在某一个滤速范围内达到最高 ,此时滤池内有机负荷为 1～ 1 5kg COD/ (m3 ·d) ,有效水力停留时间为 1～ 1 5h ;③曝气生物滤池中的溶解氧浓度随填料层增高呈线性增加的趋势 ,COD的去除率沿填料层高度变化为非线性的 ,在试验Ⅰ中 1 5～2m之间的填料层内对COD的去除率最高 ;④根据COD和SS去除率的变化判断反冲洗的周期 ,采用气水联合的方式对曝气生物滤池进行反冲洗 ,反冲洗后曝气生物滤池需要一定的时间才能恢复对污染物的去除能力 ,试     

纯氧预曝气-生物过滤组合工艺处理微污染水中试研究

采用中试规模设备研究纯氧预曝气和生物过滤组合工艺对微污染水源水中多种污染物的处理效果。在沉淀池末端进行纯氧预曝气,能够提高溶解氧浓度至9.43~13.05mg/L,比较了活性无烟煤和活性炭两种滤料生物过滤工艺。原水氨氮为3mg/L时,出水氨氮平均值为0.07mg/L,且无亚硝态氮积累,CODMn平均去除率为71.72%,出水CODMn浓度均值为0.94mg/L,铁离子平均去除率为98.29%,出水铁离子浓度均值为0.011 mg/L,对典型臭味物质二甲硫醚的去除率为95.24%。结果表明活性无烟煤和活性炭两种滤料的性能类似。纯氧预曝气-生物过滤组合工艺适用于水厂常规处理工艺改造,对传统水厂技术升级具有重要的价值。     

曝气炭砂滤池去除氨氮的生产性示范工程研究

通过运行炭层空气曝气活性炭-石英砂双层滤池(简称曝气炭砂滤池)生产性示范工程,并与无曝气炭砂滤池及砂滤池进行对比,研究了曝气炭砂滤池作为快滤池时对水中氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮的去除性能。结果表明,曝气炭砂滤池可将氨氮浓度低于2.5mg/L的进水处理至0.5mg/L以下,且进水氨氮低于1.5mg/L时不需曝气,其去除效果显著优于普通炭砂滤池和石英砂滤池;曝气炭砂滤池亦可有效去除亚硝酸盐氮。用曝气炭砂滤池替代石英砂滤池是水厂提升氨氮去除能力的一种可行的滤池改造方式。     

滤速对悬浮填料曝气生物滤池处理效果的影响

应用新型悬浮填料曝气生物滤池对广州市某污水处理厂的实际污水进行中试试验,控制滤速分别为6m/h、8m/h、10m/h、12m/h,以考察工艺在不同滤速下对氨氮,总氮和COD的去除能力。试验结果表明,在悬浮填料生物滤池滤速为10m/h、升流式悬浮填料柱曝气量为1m~3/h、降流式悬浮填料柱到升流式悬浮填料曝气柱回流比为100%、砂滤池滤速为7m~3/h的工况下,可达到最优处理效果。进水氨氮、总氮、COD分别为7.40~15.05mg/L、14.02~22.42mg/L、165~225mg/L,砂滤出水的氨氮、总氮、COD分别低于0.42mg/L、10mg/L和20mg/L,平均去除率分别达到96.88%、55.92%和91.47%。中试系统运行稳定,出水水质指标达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。     

采用“臭氧-粉末活性炭-曝气生物滤池”组合工艺深度处理印染废水

采用“臭氧-微量粉末活性炭-曝气生物滤池”组合工艺,考察了苏南某污水处理厂二级出水深度处理的运行效果及作为回用水的可行性。结果表明,当投加的臭氧和粉末活性炭质量浓度分别为25mg/L和20mg/L,曝气生物滤池的水力停留时间为6h,气水比为3∶1时,组合工艺出水的ρ（COD）和ρ(NH₃-N)平均值分别为49mg/L和0.28mg/L,出水平均色度为7,平均脱色率达90%,满足回用水水质要求。检测发现,臭氧氧化和粉末活性炭吸附对可溶性微生物产物有较高的去除率。     

ABR—好氧组合工艺对农村生活污水处理效果研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)分别与跌水曝气和曝气生物滤池组合工艺对农村生活污水中COD_(Cr)和氨氮的去除效果,并对两种组合工艺去除效果进行了比较。结果表明:采用ABR—好氧组合工艺处理生活污水,COD_(Cr)的平均去除率基本上稳定在84.2%左右,这说明生活污水经过ABR厌氧反应器和好氧处理后,能有效去除污水中的有机物;在后续好氧段,采用跌水曝气作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率比单独采用ABR提高了9.5%,采用曝气生物滤池作为后处理,COD_(Cr)去除率提高了24.9%,与ABR—跌水曝气相比,采用ABR—曝气生物滤池去除COD_(Cr)的效果较好;ABR—好氧组合工艺对氨氮的去除效果较差,达不到理想的去除效果。     

瓷粒和陶粒填料曝气生物滤池处理低浓度生活污水的试验研究

分别以瓷粒和陶粒作为曝气生物滤池的载体填料处理低浓度生活污水,对CODCr、NH3-N及SS的去除效果进行了比较研究,对生物膜的形态进行了观察.研究表明:在进水CODCr为30.8～184.8 mg/L、NH3-N平均值为25 mg/L、SS为61.2～206.9 mg/L,水力停留时间(HRT)分别为12 h、10 h、8 h、5 h和3 h时,两种填料处理后出水的CODCr、NH3-N和SS的去除率均分别可达80%、90%和80%以上,表明两种填料的去除效果基本相当.     

Comparing cost and process performance of activated sludge (AS) and biological aerated filters (BAF) over ten years of full sale operation.

In the early 1990s, the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of Frederikshavn, Denmark, was extended to meet new requirements for nutrient removal (8 mg/L TN, 1.5 mg TP/L) as well as to increase its average daily flow to 16,500 m(3)/d (4.5 MGD). As the most economical upgrade of the existing activated sludge (AS) plant, a parallel biological aerated filter (BAF) was selected, and started up in 1995. Running two full scale processes in parallel for over ten years on the same wastewater and treatment objectives enabled a direct comparison in relation to operating performance, costs and experience. Common pretreatment consists of screening, an aerated grit and grease removal and three primary settlers with chemical addition. The effluent is then pumped to the two parallel biological treatment stages, AS with recirculation and an upflow BAF with floating media. The wastewater is a mixture of industrial and domestic wastewater, with a dominant discharge of fish processing effluent which can amount to 50% of the flow. The maximum hydraulic load on the pretreatment section as a whole is 1,530 m(3)/h. Approximately 60% of the sewer system is combined with a total of 32 overflow structures. To avoid the direct discharge of combined sewer overflows into the receiving waters, the total hydraulic wet weather capacity of the plant is increased to 4,330 m(3)/h, or 6 times average flow. During rain, some of the raw sewage can be directed through a stormwater bypass to the BAF, which can be modified in its operation to accommodate various treatment needs: either using simultaneous nitrification/denitrification in all filters with recirculation introducing bottom aeration with full nitrification in some filters for storm treatment and/or post-denitrification in one filter. After treatment, the wastewater is discharged to the Baltic Sea through a 500 m outfall. The BAF backwash sludge, approximately 1,900 m(3) per 24 h in dry weather, is redirected to the AS plant. Primary settler sludge and the combined biosolids from the AS plant are anaerobically digested, with methane gas being used for generation of heat and power. On-line measurements for the parameters NO3, NO2, NH4, temperature as well as dissolved oxygen (DO) are used for control of aeration and external carbon source (methanol). Dosing of flocculants for P-removal is carried out based on laboratory analysis and jar tests. This paper discusses the experience gained from the plant operation during the last ten years, compiling comparative performance and cost data of the two processes, as well as their optimisation.     

不同填料曝气生物滤池启动挂膜试验研究

不同填料曝气生物滤池在相同条件下进行挂膜试验。进水流向为上流式,挂膜方式为复合接种挂膜,即先用活性污泥闷曝接种,然后逐步提高进水流速,直到滤料表面形成稳定的生物膜。结果表明:33 d后挂膜成功,在温度为16～24℃,水力停留时间(HRT)为1 h,DO为6 mg/L的情况下,陶粒BAF对CODMn和NH3—N的去除率分别为23%和80%;沸石BAF的去除率分别为27%和84%;组合填料BAF去除效果最好,去除率分别为32%和92%。     

Nitrification and denitrification in partially aerated biological aerated filter (BAF) with dual size sand media.

A 104-mm (4-inch) diameter pilot-scale biological aerated filter (BAF) with a media depth of 2.5 m (8.3 feet) was operated with an anaerobic, anoxic and oxic zone at a temperature of 23 degrees C. The medium for the anaerobic and anoxic zones was 10 mm diameter sand while the medium for the oxic zone was 5 mm diameter sand. The influent sCOD and total nitrogen concentrations in the feedwater were approximately 250 mg/L and 35 mg N/L, respectively. sCOD removal at optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 h with recirculation rates of 100, 200 and 300% in the column was above 96%. Nitrification was found to be more than 96% for 3 h HRT at 200 and 300% recirculation. Total nitrogen removal was consistent at more than 80% for 4 and 6 h HRT at 300% recirculation. For 3 h HRT and 300% recirculation, total nitrogen removal was approximately 79%. The ammonia loading rates for maximum ammonia removed were 0.15 and 0.19 kg NH3-N/m3-day for 100 and 200% recirculation, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the BAF can be operated at an HRT of 3h with 200-300% recirculation rates with more than 96% removal of sCOD and ammonia and at least 75% removal of total nitrogen.     

ANAMMOX工艺在生活污水深度处理中的应用研究

随着水环境质量的恶化,高能低耗的污水深度处理技术成为当前研究热点,尤其是对于低C/N比的城市生活污水脱氮技术的研究。试验以城市生活污水的二级出水为研究对象,采用ANAMMOX下向流生物滤池,当二级出水NH3-N=15-35mg/L,CODCr=25-45mg/L,TOC=9-12mg/L,水温=25-28℃时,ANAMMOX下向流生物滤池脱氨率达80%-100%,不仅适用于处理高氨废水,也可用于城市生活污水深度处理中。试验发现pH可以用来指示ANAMMOX反应的进行,同时也可以用来指示ANAMMOX反应进程的快慢。试验中还发现,厌氧氨氧化反应速率与NO2--N含量有关,原水中NO2--N含量的增多有利于ANAMMOX工艺处理效果。     

Treatment of slaughterhouse plant wastewater by using a membrane bioreactor

The use of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for removal of organic substances and nutrients from slaughterhouse plant wastewater was investigated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of slaughterhouse wastewater were found to be approximately 571 mg O2/L, 102.5 mg/L, and 16.25 mg PO4-P/L, respectively. A submerged type membrane was used in the bioreactor. The removal efficiencies for COD, total organic carbon (TOC), TP and TN were found to be 97, 96, 65, 44% respectively. The COD value of wastewater was decreased to 16 mg/L (COD discharge standard for slaughterhouse plant wastewaters is 160 mg/L). TOC was decreased to 9 mg/L (TOC discharge standard for slaughterhouse plant wastewaters is 20 mg/L). Ammonium, and nitrate nitrogen concentrations of treated effluent were 0.100 mg NH4-N/L, and 80.521 mg NO3-N/L, respectively. Slaughterhouse wastewater was successfully treated with the MBR process.     

活性炭填充三维电极电解法处理氨氮废水研究

针对传统城市污水处理厂冬天出水存在氨氮浓度偏高的问题,采用间歇试验法对活性炭填充三维电极深度去除污水中的氨氮进行了研究。考察了氨氮初始浓度,电流密度,氯离子浓度,p H值等因素对氨氮去除效果的影响。结果表明:氨氮去除速率随着电流密度和氯离子浓度增加而增加,单位氨氮去除能耗随着电流增加而增加,随着氯离子浓度增加而减少。p H值在3.0~9.0范围内对三维电极除氨氮过程影响比较小。实际废水在经过2.5h电解后,氨氮浓度从28.0 mg/L下降至0.3 mg/L,去除率高达99%,可以满足国家污水排放标准一级A要求。     

深度处理维生素制药废水的中试研究

维生素制药废水经过初步生化处理后,出水水质无法满足要求,具有难降解、COD和氨氮浓度高的特点,针对这些特点,本文采用"强化复合曝气水解酸化→高效厌氧复合反应→流离生物接触氧化"连续工艺深度处理维生素制药废水,研究其可行性。处理规模为7.2 m3/d的中型试验结果表明:强化复合曝气水解酸化能使进水B/C值由0.33提高到0.48,提高下一步生化反应的处理效率,当进水CODCr的浓度为150～641 mg/L,氨氮浓度为6～115 mg/L时,平均去除率分别达到84.28%、93.8%,出水COD浓度小于50mg/L,氨氮浓度小于5 mg/L,出水水质能够达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB18918-2002中的一级A指标,该连续工艺深度处理此类废水具有可行性和稳定性。     

Use of real-time PCR to examine the relationship between ammonia oxidizing bacterial populations and nitrogen removal efficiency in a small decentralized treatment system 'Johkasou'.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ammonia oxidizing bacterial populations and biological nitrogen removal in a small on-site domestic wastewater treatment system "Johkasou". The population dynamics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in six full-scale advanced Johkasous was surveyed using real-time PCR assay over a period of one year. These Johkasous were selected to compare the AOB populations in different treatment performance. When the effluent NH4-N concentration was higher than 2 mg L(-1), it was difficult to meet the effluent standard of advanced Johkasous (T-N 10 mg L(-1)). In contrast, the nitrogen removal efficiency was hardly affected by nitrite oxidation and denitrification in these systems. In other words, ammonia oxidation was a rate-limiting step. Furthermore, we focused on the relationship between NH4-N loading per AOB cell and nitrogen removal. Real time PCR monitoring results demonstrated that it is important to regulate NH4-N loading per AOB cell below 210 pg cell(-1) day(-1) to meet the effluent standard of advanced Johkasou. It is considered that NH4-N loading per AOB cell is a useful parameter for determining suitable nitrogen loading and small decentralized system design.     

高浓度制药废水处理工艺的调试运行

某制药厂生产废水水质变化大,污染物浓度高,毒性大.采用气浮—兼氧-CASS工艺进行处理.实践表明,处理出水COD 450～650 mg/L,氨氮20～35 mg/L,BOD5≤100 mg/L,SS50～100mg/L,可达《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)三级排放标准.