基于多准则融合的滚动轴承振动信号消噪方法

针对滚动轴承早期微弱故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了基于多准则融合的滚动轴承振动信号消噪方法。该方法采用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)方法对原始振动信号进行分解得到一组IMF分量,计算各阶IMF分量和原始振动信号的相关系数、各阶IMF分量和原始振动信号包络谱的J散度、各阶IMF分量的峭度值;分别根据相关系数准则、J散度准则、峭度准则选取有效IMF分量,将同时保留的IMF分量作为有效分量进行信号重构。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地提取滚动轴承早期微弱故障信息,能够有效抑制经验模态分解(EMD)中的模态混叠问题,同时削弱低频噪声,突出高频共振成分,具有良好的自适应性。     

敏感SVD和EEMD的故障诊断方法研究

在噪声干扰下有效提取振动信号所包含的微弱故障特征,是轴承故障诊断的关键问题,提出了一种基于敏感奇异值分解(SSVD)和总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)的故障诊断方法.对时域振动信号进行敏感SVD分析,通过敏感因子选择反映故障冲击特征的敏感SVD分量,并利用定位因子定位分量信号所对应奇异值进行振动信号重构,以滤除噪声干扰;对降噪信号进行EEMD,根据峭度准则选取故障信息丰富的敏感固有模态分量(IMF),有效提取局部微弱故障信息;利用Teager-Kaiser能量算子(TKEO)计算故障信息的瞬时能量,并对其进行频谱分析,获取故障特征频率,以识别故障类型.方法应用于轴承故障诊断,实验证明了所提方法的有效性.     

基于EEMD和多分辨SVD包的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对传统EEMD不能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征信息,提出了EEMD和多分辨SVD包的诊断方法。该方法首先使用EEMD方法分解故障信号,得到一组故障信号的IMF分量,再通过相似度计算,筛选出与故障信号相似度最高的IMF分量。使用多分辨SVD包分解已筛选出的IMF分量,根据分解后的频谱,与标准值作对比,诊断分析出轴承的故障类型。将本文方法应用到滚动轴承的故障诊断,实验结果表明本文提出的方法能有效地提取到轴承的故障特征信息。     

基于改进EEMD和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障振动信号受噪声影响、总体经验模态分解(EEMD)参数不易获取的问题,提出了基于改进EEMD和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先提取信号高频成分及设置期望分解误差确定EEMD参数,利用EEMD将信号分解为若干个本征模态分量(IMF),依据峭度准则选取相应分量进行重构以突出故障信息、提高信噪比;然后利用快速谱峭度图来选取带通滤波器的参数;最后对滤波信号进行能量算子解调分析。该方法应用到实测数据中的结果表明,其不仅能够自适应确定EEMD参数,降低了噪声的影响,还能清晰、准确地提取出故障特征频率,实现了滚动轴承故障的精确诊断。     

变转速下滚动轴承的阶频谱相关域微弱故障特征增强与提取

滚动轴承是旋转机械常用且故障率较高的部件之一,其故障的及时发现,对于设备安全、稳定运行具有重要意义。滚动轴承的早期故障特征十分微弱,容易被强背景噪声干扰所掩盖。同时,滚动轴承往往在变转速工况下运行,故障特征的时变特性导致特征提取较为困难。针对上述问题,提出一种变转速下滚动轴承的阶频谱相关(OFSC)域微弱故障特征增强与提取方法。首先,利用变转速下滚动轴承故障信号的角度时间域循环平稳特性,将故障信号转换到阶频谱相关域。然后,采用鲁棒主成分分析(RPCA)的低秩稀疏分解方法,将轴承振动信号的阶频谱相关矩阵分解为表征轴承故障特征的稀疏成分,并去除表征噪声的低秩成分,进一步提高稀疏分量的分辨率。最后对分解出的稀疏分量构建增强包络阶次谱(EEOS)来检测滚动轴承的故障特征。仿真和实验分析验证了该方法对于变转速工况轴承微弱故障特征增强和提取的有效性和鲁棒性。     

EEMD与EFICA在单通道复合故障诊断中的应用

针对转子不对中和滚动轴承微弱损伤的复合故障诊断问题,提出了一种基于平均经验算法(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,EEMD)和高效快速独立分量分析(Efficient Variant of FastICA,EFICA)的盲源分离故障诊断方法。利用EEMD算法将单通路复合故障信号分解成多个不同信号特征的本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF),解决了盲源分离中的欠定问题。在此基础上利用EFICA算法对各个不同信号特征的IMF进行故障特征分离。通过仿真实验和转子实验台的实验结果,表明该算法可以有效分离出各个不同的故障特征。     

结合马田系统-SVM的滚动轴承故障模式分类研究

为了有效地确定滚动轴承的故障类型和受损程度,提出了结合马田系统和SVM的滚动轴承故障模式分类方法。利用EEMD方法对原始振动信号进行分解,得到一系列IMF。经过故障敏感IMF选取方法筛选IMF后计算其时域和频域特征参数以及原始信号的能量熵参数,构造初始的多维特征空间。运用马田系统中的正交表和信噪比进行特征降维,得到精简特征空间。接下来使用偏二叉树方法构建支持向量机多分类模型。通过实验数据进行模型验证,结果表明该方法可以实现滚动轴承故障模式分类。     

矿用带式输送机驱动滚筒轴承振动信号降噪方法

针对现有振动信号降噪方法中经验模态分解存在模态混叠、独立分量分析要求采集的振动信号数不少于源信号数等问题,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和快速独立分量分析(FastICA)的矿用带式输送机驱动滚筒轴承振动信号降噪方法。首先,通过EEMD算法对采集的振动信号进行分解,得到若干不同尺度的包含故障特征频率的本征模态函数(IMF)分量;然后,基于相关系数对IMF分量进行重构,得到特征信号和虚拟噪声信号,将重构的特征信号和虚拟噪声信号组成输入矩阵,并作为FastICA算法的输入;最后,利用FastICA算法实现信号与噪声分离,达到信号降噪的目的。实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于EEMD-SE和栈式降噪自编码网络的局部放电模式识别

由于变电站环境复杂,利用传统的特征统计方法不能准确地提取局部放电(PD)信号的特征及对其识别分类.对此,提出一种基于集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和样本熵(SE)的局部放电信号特征提取方法.利用EEMD算法对局部放电信号进行时频分析;计算EEMD分解得到的固有模态函数(IMF)的样本熵,并将其作为特征向量表征不同放电类型;采用栈式降噪自编码网络(SDAE)对放电类型进行分类识别.通过对四类局部放电故障进行特征提取和模式识别,对比实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提取放电信号的特征,并较准确地识别各类放电类型.     

基于MOMEDA与双谱分析的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

滚动轴承早期故障阶段,故障特征微弱且环境噪声干扰严重,采集数据包含大量噪声信息,传统的包络谱分析难以提取故障特征信息。双谱分析理论上可以抑制高斯噪声,但很难从强背景噪声下提取出微弱故障特征。而多点最优调整的最小熵解卷积（Multipoint Optimal Minimum Entropy Deconvolution Adjusted,MOMEDA）方法能增强信号中的冲击特征,但其效果和故障信号周期区间等参数有关。利用MOMEDA与双谱分析进行信号处理,将提取到的信号高阶谱特征作为滚动轴承早期故障分类依据。利用MOMEDA方法对采集信号进行滤波处理,提取出有冲击特征的时域信号;对特征增强的信号进行双谱分析,从高阶谱中提取故障特征。经过仿真信号分析和实际轴承故障信号验证,该方法能有效地提取出滚动轴承早期故障特征,实现故障诊断。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。