基于激光诱导击穿光谱表征GCr15钢的硬度

利用激光诱导击穿光谱对GCr15钢不同温度回火后的光谱稳定性、特征谱线强度、等离子体温度和电子密度的变化趋势进行了分析,研究了特征谱线强度比、等离子体温度和硬度之间的关系。结果表明:不同温度回火后的样品的光谱特性和等离子体特性存在差异,但原子谱线强度均随回火温度的升高呈上升趋势,离子谱线强度均随回火温度升高呈下降趋势;特征谱线强度比和等离子体温度与样品的硬度均呈现出较好的正相关关系。表明GCr15钢热处理之后硬度可以通过激光诱导击穿光谱法测量。     

GCr15轴承钢高温回火球化工艺研究

研究了传统退火和固溶+高温回火球化预热处理对GCr15轴承钢碳化物及最终淬火+低温回火态轴承钢屈服强度、硬度的影响。结果表明:在本试验条件下,传统退火工艺处理的GCr15钢试样碳化物更为圆整,固溶+回火工艺处理的GCr15钢试样碳化物更为细小,随着回火温度和回火时间的增加,固溶+回火处理的GCr15钢试样组织中碳化物的尺寸逐渐增大,越来越均匀。经最终840℃×30 min油淬+180℃×2 h回火处理后,预处理工艺固溶+720℃×2 h回火的试样硬度为64.2 HRC,屈服强度为1843 MPa,与传统球化退火处理试样相比,分别提高了4.6%和11.8%。     

热处理对一种双峰晶粒结构超低碳9Cr-ODS钢显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备了一种具有双峰晶粒结构的超低碳9Cr-ODS (氧化物弥散强化)钢,通过OM、SEM、TEM、显微硬度和拉伸性能测试,研究了热处理工艺对其显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,超低碳9Cr-ODS钢经正火+回火后为回火马氏体组织,具有粗、细晶分明的结构特征。细晶区的平均晶粒尺寸约为1.6μm,粗晶区的平均晶粒尺寸约为4.3μm。同时,基体中存在大量的位错结构,且纳米级氧化物数密度可达约1022m-3。不同的热处理工艺不会改变超低碳9Cr-ODS钢粗、细晶双峰晶粒结构特征。经热处理后,细晶区比粗晶区具有更高的硬度。随正火温度升高,粗、细晶区的显微硬度先上升后下降,且在1100℃正火时达到最高。正火温度一定,回火温度从700℃升高至800℃时,粗、细晶区的显微硬度先下降后上升。700和750℃回火时,组织得到回复,发生软化,温度越高硬度越低;而在800℃回火时,超低碳9Cr-ODS钢因发生部分奥氏体相变导致硬度提高。25℃拉伸实验结果与硬度的变化趋势一致,随回火温度升高,超低碳9Cr-ODS钢的强度先降低后增加,延伸率则呈现相反趋势。700℃拉伸实验结果表明,超低碳9Cr...     

变质Cr12MoV模具钢热处理工艺研究

研究了热处理工艺对变质Cr12MoV钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明，淬火回火处理后，变质Cr12MoV钢中共晶碳化物呈粒状均匀分布；随淬火温度的升高，硬度先升后降，冲击韧度呈逐渐升高趋势；淬火后试样随回火温度的升高，硬度逐渐降低，冲击韧度先降后升；确定变质Cr12MoV钢最佳热处理工艺为1080℃淬火＋250℃回火。     

热处理工艺对10B38钢组织性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对10B38钢微观组织、力学性能以及低温冲击韧性的影响。结果表明：随淬火温度的升高,淬火硬度呈先上升后降低的趋势,在870 ℃时,淬火硬度最大;随着回火温度的升高,马氏体晶界及晶面逐渐有碳化物析出,组织中碳化物由片状连续不均匀分布变为颗粒状弥散分布;抗拉强度与屈服强度都随回火温度的升高而下降,断面收缩率及断后伸长率随回火温度的升高而增加;在350～450 ℃温度区间,冲击功随回火温度升高稳定增加,回火温度在550 ℃以上时,冲击功急速升高,10B38钢经油淬后在550～650 ℃区间回火能够同时满足强度和冲击功的要求。     

二次淬火对GCr15钢组织和性能的影响

通过正交设计的方法,研究了二次淬火+回火对GCr15钢组织和性能的影响规律.结果表明:采用一次淬火温度900℃,一次淬火保温时间10 min,二次淬火温度850℃,回火温度180℃的工艺,使GCr15钢硬度达到58～62 HRC,同时具有较高冲击韧度.     

新型射孔枪管用钢的组织和性能

研究了亚温淬火工艺和原始组织对一种新型射孔枪管用钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随亚温淬火温度升高,试验钢的晶粒增大,硬度呈先增大后降低的趋势;随回火温度升高,钢的硬度和强度逐渐降低,断面收缩率和冲击吸收能量逐渐增大;经分析最佳热处理工艺为840 ℃亚温淬火+560 ℃回火,以此工艺下处理后调质态试验钢的综合力学性能最优。     

NM500耐磨钢的QLT热处理工艺

对NM500耐磨钢进行940℃淬火+两相区淬火+回火(QLT)热处理，研究了两相区淬火温度(820～880℃)和回火温度(200～600℃)对试验钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，在两相区淬火温度从820℃升至880℃的过程中，试验钢为马氏体和铁素体双相组织，且铁素体含量逐渐降低，马氏体含量增多，试验钢的强度和硬度提高，-40℃冲击吸收能量从67 J降低至33 J。在870℃两相区淬火，200～600℃范围内回火时，随回火温度的升高，板条马氏体和残留奥氏体逐渐分解，碳化物形态和分布发生变化；试验钢抗拉强度和硬度逐渐降低，低温冲击性能先降低后升高，试验钢达到良好强韧性匹配的回火温度区间为200～250℃。     

04Cr13Ni5Mo钢的热处理工艺及组织性能

研究了淬火加不同温度回火热处理对04Cr13Ni5Mo钢组织、常温和高温力学性能的影响。结果表明:经淬回火处理后,组织以较细的板条状回火马氏体为主;随着回火温度的升高,强度、硬度逐渐增大,塑韧性有不同程度的降低;在高温进行拉伸试验,随温度的升高,强度增大,断后伸长率则先增加后降低。     

回火温度对柔性齿轮钢40CrNiMo组织及力学性能的影响

通过预处理(固溶处理)、等温淬火以及不同温度回火等处理方法,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、洛氏硬度计、拉伸试验机、冲击试验机等设备研究了奥氏体化温度对40CrNiMo钢奥氏体晶粒长大速度以及硬度的影响,探索了回火温度对贝氏体/马氏体多相钢微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果显示,预处理期间,奥氏体晶粒随奥氏体化温度的升高首先缓慢增长然后快速长大,然而硬度保持在56 HRC左右。250~500 ℃回火时,大量细小的碳化物析出,微观组织仍然保持原来的板条状,试验钢的强度、硬度降低,塑韧性呈现先降低后升高的趋势;400 ℃回火试样伸长率最低,冲击吸收能量最小,表明400 ℃回火时出现回火脆性;回火温度升高到600 ℃,基体组织发生再结晶,转变为回火索氏体,此时强、硬度最低,冲击吸收能量高达147 J。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.