C/Ti原子比对前驱体碳化复合等离子熔覆TiC/Fe复合涂层的影响

以钛铁粉和碳的前驱体(蔗糖)为原料通过前驱体碳化复合技术制备了Ti-Fe-C等离子熔覆复合粉末,并通过等离子熔覆技术在普通低碳钢表面成功地原位合成了TiC/Fe陶瓷金属复合涂层.着重研究了不同C/Ti原子比对等离子熔覆TiC/Fe复合涂层的相组成、显微结构和硬度的影响.结果表明,前驱体碳化复合技术制备的Ti-Fe-C系等离子熔覆复合粉末中C/Ti原子比是影响涂层相组成、显微结构和硬度的关键因素.C/Ti原子比不同,涂层的相组成和硬度不同;随着C/Ti原子比增大,涂层中TiC团聚富集区增大,涂层的孔隙率也随之增大.     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性北大核心CSCD

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

H13钢激光熔覆TiC/Ni合金复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

为提高H13模具钢的耐磨性能,利用激光熔覆技术,在H13钢表面制备了不同Ti C含量的Ti C/Ni基合金复合涂层,通过显微组织观察、硬度测试、滑动摩擦磨损试验方法对H13钢表面激光熔覆的不同复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能进行分析测试。结果表明,Ni60+Ti C激光熔覆涂层中物相主要为γ-(Fe,Ni)、Fe3C、Cr23C6、Ni2Si及Ti C,激光熔覆层具有较高显微硬度,Ti C的加入及含量增加可使熔覆层组织细化,复合熔覆层硬度提高,Ti C含量为30%时熔覆层内平均硬度最大,为873 HV0.2;激光熔覆Ti C+Ni60复合涂层的耐磨性显著高于H13钢基体,随Ti C含量增加而先增加后降低,Ti C含量20%耐磨性较佳;H13钢基体的磨损机制主要以犁削、切削为主,激光熔覆Ti C/Ni合金复合涂层以脆性剥落机制为主。     

Cr12MoV冷作模具钢表面激光熔覆球磨SiC强化Fe-Al涂层研究

将球磨与未球磨Si C/Fe-Al复合粉末作为熔覆材料,在Cr12Mo V冷作模具钢表面用激光熔覆的方法制备了Si C强化Fe-Al涂层,对其显微组织、物相结构与抗电化学腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明:球状结构的Si C/Fe-Al复合粉末经球磨后呈多角状结构,平均颗粒粒径由54μm减小为38μm;在球磨涂层内Si C颗粒完全溶解,与Fe-Al合金交互作用后均形成了Fe2Si、Fe Al、Al0.7Fe Si0.3与M7C3;激光熔覆球磨Si C/Fe-Al涂层的抗电化学腐蚀性能优于基材Cr12Mo V与激光熔覆未球磨Si C/Fe-Al涂层。     

激光熔覆添加纳米WC/Co合金粉末涂层的组织与抗裂性能

利用CO2激光宽带熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了添加纳米WC/Co-Ni基、WC/Co-Fe基熔覆层.用SEM、EDS、XRD进行观察和分析,对比研究了添加纳米WC/Co-Ni基、WC/Co-Fe基熔覆层的形貌、组织结构、强化相的形状及其分布.结果表明,Ni基熔覆层中物相主要为黑色(Fe,Ni)、B2Fe3Ni3基体上分布着WC、Cr2Fe14C等白色的碳化物相,而Fe基熔覆层中的白色碳化物相中有W2C、Fe3W3C.在优化的工艺参数下,通过连续控制微观结构要素,可以实现成分、组织的变化,获得无气孔、无裂纹的熔覆层.采用EVANS压痕法测得喷焊Ni基WC/Co复合陶瓷涂层断裂韧度K1C的平均值为9 MN·m-3/2,而在现有维氏硬度计最大载荷50 kg的情况下,激光熔覆添加纳米WC/Co合金粉末涂层得到的熔覆层仍无裂纹出现,证实了激光熔覆添加纳米WC/Co合金粉末涂层的抗裂作用.     

铁基多元陶瓷涂层激光熔覆制备及优化

采用20钢为基材,激光熔覆涂层材料以YD-F625型铁基粉末为基,添加有Ti C、WC和Si C多元陶瓷增强相,通过调整多元陶瓷相中Ti C的比例来获得不同的涂层合金材料,同时选用多组激光功率、扫描速度、粉末厚度等工艺参数进行激光熔覆对比试验,以涂层表面硬度为性能指标,对激光熔覆工艺和涂层材料种类进行优化。通过激光熔覆制备多元陶瓷复合涂层可以使20钢表面的硬度显著提高,其中最优工艺组合为激光功率3000 W、扫描速度280mm/min、预置粉末厚度2.0 mm、Ti C粉末含量为20%时,涂层最高显微硬度可达1100 HV以上,出现在距涂层表面0.05 mm深度处。     

以蔗糖为前驱体制备反应等离子熔覆高铬铁基复合涂层

以铁、铬、钨、镍粉末和碳的前驱体(蔗糖)为原料通过碳化制备了反应等离子熔覆Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni复合粉末,采用同步送粉反应等离子熔覆设备和优化的反应等离子熔覆工艺,在调质C蕉钢(C≤0.35%)基材表面制备了高铬铁基复合涂层.结果表明,采用前驱体碳化复合技术制备的Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni复合粉末粒度均匀、无有害相生成;熔覆所得到的涂层以(Cr,Fe)7C3/γ共晶为基体,其上分布大量的(Cr,Fe)7C3初生相.涂层与基材界面为完全冶金结合.涂层断面上的平均显微硬度约为1 100 HV.相同条件下所获涂层的磨损体积大约是常规等离子熔覆Ni60涂层的1/7.     

前驱体碳化复合等离子熔覆原位合成高铬铁基涂层高温抗氧化性

利用前驱体碳化复合粉末制备技术,以蔗糖为碳的前驱体,制备了等离子熔覆Fe-Cr-C-W-Ni复合粉末;采用优化的等离子熔覆工艺,用该粉末在调质C级钢(碳含量≤0.35%)表面制备了高铬铁基金属陶瓷复合涂层.应用EDS、SEM、XRD等研究了涂层及氧化膜的成分和组织结构.在900 ℃恒温氧化50h的试验条件下测试了涂层的抗氧化性.结果表明:涂层以(Cr,Fe)7C3/γ共晶为基体,其上分布大量的原位生成初生相(Cr, Fe)7C3,且涂层与调质C级钢基体形成良好的冶金结合.涂层氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律.     

等离子熔覆高铬铁基涂层的开裂行为与控制

以钛铁粉、铬粉、铁粉和碳的前驱体(蔗糖)等为原料通过前驱体碳化复合技术制备了复合粉末,并通过等离子熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备了Fe-Cr-C和Fe-Cr-C-Ti涂层.采用XRD和SEM对涂层的相组成和显微组织结构进行了分析.结果表明,Fe-Cr-C涂层裂纹一般始于熔合区,沿初生碳化物(Cr,Fe)7 C3晶界扩展成结晶裂纹,沿初生碳化物(Cr,Fe)7C3纤维方向扩展到涂层表面,形成垂直于涂层表面的垂直贯穿裂纹.少量裂纹起源于气孔或涂层边缘尖锐处.Fe-Cr-C涂层中添加Ti元素,可以合成大量TiC颗粒,形成奥氏体组织,减少或消除(Cr,Fe)7 C3初生碳化物,改善(Cr,Fe)7 C3共晶组织结构,有效提高了涂层韧性,抑制了涂层裂纹的产生.     

(Ti+B4C)/Fe901比对等离子熔覆铁基涂层结构及硬度的影响

目的获得高质量等离子熔覆铁基涂层的优化成分。方法以Fe901、Ti、B_4C粉为原料,采用反应等离子熔覆法在Q235钢基体上原位合成铁基涂层,研究了反应物(Ti+B_4C)/Fe901质量比(15/85、25/75和35/65)对涂层中强化相的形成、界面结合情况、显微组织结构以及硬度的影响。结果铁基涂层均与基体呈冶金结合。(Ti+B_4C)/Fe901质量比较大时,会使界面结合处质量下降。(Ti+B_4C)/Fe901比为15/85时,涂层主要由(Fe,Cr)固溶体、TiB2、TiC、Ti8C5、Fe3C和Fe B相组成。增大(Ti+B_4C)/Fe901比,不会导致新相形成,但可以抑制Fe B析出,涂层中的TiC通过多步反应而形成。涂层显微硬度随(Ti+B_4C)/Fe901比增大,整体呈上升趋势。(Ti+B_4C)/Fe901比不大于25/75时,涂层显微组织较为均匀,显微硬度沿层深方向变化较平稳;进一步增大(Ti+B_4C)/Fe901比,涂层显微组织和硬度均呈现梯度分布,涂层上部硬度与下部硬度差值可达630HV0.1。结论通过调控主要增强相的反应物成分含量,可使等离子熔覆铁基涂层的显微组织和硬度呈现出梯度分布特征或较好的均匀性,从而满足不同的实际应用需求。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。