Synthesis and Upconversion Emission of β-Ca2SiO4: (Er3+, Yb3+)

The β-Ca₂SiO₄: (Er³⁺, Yb³⁺) powders were synthesized by the simple solid-state process. The obtained samples were given characterizations of X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, and luminescence. The samples have monoclinic parawollastonite phase and irregular morphology. Under the excitation at 980 nm, the obtained β-Ca₂SiO₄: (Er³⁺, Yb³⁺) samples show the intense upconversion (UC) emission. The dosage of Yb³⁺ has obvious influence on the emission intensities of β-Ca₂SiO₄: (Er³⁺, Yb³⁺) samples. Also, the emission intensity increases gradually with the increasing pump power from 350 to 600 mW. On the basis of luminescent properties of samples, we can conclude that the UC emission originates from the biphotonic process.     

Synthesis of β–NaYF4: Yb3+, Tm3+ @ TiO2 and β–NaYF4: Yb3+, Tm3+ @ TiO2 @ Au nanocomposites and effective upconversion–driven photocatalytic properties

The β–NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ @ TiO₂ nanocomposite has been prepared by a facile hydrothermal method followed by the hydrolysis of TBOT, and then NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ @ TiO₂, HAuCl₄ and sodium citrate were put into an oil bath for reaction to obtain the β–NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ @ TiO₂ @ Au core–shell nanocomposite. XRD and HRTEM show that the samples exhibit the hexagonal phase NaYF₄, anatase TiO₂ and cubic Au, indicating that the core–shell phases of NaYF₄−TiO₂ or NaYF₄−TiO₂−Au coexist in these samples. EDS and XPS results show the presence of Na, Y, F, Ti, O and Au elements. When TiO₂ was coated on the surface of upconversion nanomaterials of NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺, the photocatalytic activity was improved significantly, and the β–NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ @ TiO₂ nanocomposite gives the highest photodegradation efficiency for MB and RhB, and decomposes about 73% of MB or 80% of RhB within 4.5 h under simulated solar light irradiation respectively. When the ultraviolet light from simulated sunlight irradiation was removed by the addition of a UV filter, the β–NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ @ TiO₂ nanocomposite decomposes about 42% of MB or 48% of RhB within 4.5 h. It means that the upconversion–driven photocatalytic performance (decomposes 42% of MB or 48% of RhB) is more effective than UV light–driven photocatalytic performance (31% of MB or 32% of RhB) in the photodegradation process. In addition, the β–NaYF₄: Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ @ TiO₂ @ Au core–shell nanocomposite does not exhibit the better photocatalytic activity, and the optimal research will be carried out in the future.     

Yb:NaY(WO4)2晶体生长及性能研究

本文首次采用提拉法生长出了四方晶系白钨矿结构的Yb:NaY(WO4)2晶体,通过TG-DTA分析得到晶体的熔点为1211℃,测试了该晶体的红外光谱、拉曼光谱和吸收光谱.结果表明,该晶体在848nm、968nm附近有较强、较宽的吸收峰,适合于LD泵浦.     

Yb:KGd(WO4)2激光晶体结构与振动光谱

用顶部籽晶提拉法, 以K₂W₂O₇为助溶剂, 生长Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂激光晶体. 经热重-差热分析, 确定晶体熔点为1086℃, 相变温度为1021℃. 晶体结构分析确定Yb:KGW(WO₄)₂晶体由WO₆八面体连接而成, WO₆八面体是由(WOOW)双氧桥及(WOW)单氧桥构成. 晶体粉末样品室温下的红外及拉曼光谱测试, 确定WO₄^2-、双氧桥及单氧桥的振动范围, 并对其进行了归属. X射线粉末衍射测试, 验证所生长的晶体为β-Yb:KGd(WO₄)₂.     

NaGd(WO4)2:Yb3+/Tm3+反蛋白石光子晶体的制备与上转换发光调制研究

三维光子晶体具有长程有序的结构特点, 在可见和近红外光谱范围内有着广泛的应用。光子晶体的一个重要性质是其对嵌入其中的发光中心自发辐射具有调制作用。本研究利用自组装和模板辅助法制备高质量的三维NaGd(WO₄)₂:Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺反蛋白石光子晶体, 探究了光子带隙对Tm³⁺离子上转换荧光发射与发光动力学的调制作用。通过对比分析发现, 由于反蛋白石光子晶体独特的周期性大孔结构和光子带隙效应, 处于光子带隙内的Tm³⁺离子¹G₄-³H₆的发光强度被抑制约45%, 自发辐射速率(SDR)被抑制约30%, 同时上转换局域热效应得到有效的调制。本实验结果对探索新型高效稀土掺杂上转换发光材料和提高上转换发光效率有指导意义。     

Efficient laser operation of diode-pumped Nd:KGd(WO4)2 crystal at 1.067 µm

The spectral properties and laser performance of a Nd:KGd(WO(4))(2) (Nd:KGW) rod pumped by a laser diode have been studied. The Nd:KGW can be doped with a much higher Nd3(+) concentration and has a wider absorption linewidth around 808 nm compared with Nd:YAG. At low repetition rates, the Nd:KGW exhibited good lasing properties with a lower threshold. The maximum optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of the diode laser pumped Nd:KGW laser at 1.067 μm has been determined to be 34.3% with a slope efficiency of 43.1%.     

三种络合沉淀剂对NaYF4:Tm3+,Yb3+发光性能的影响

分别采用EDTA、柠檬酸和H2C2O43类络合沉淀剂,共沉淀法制备了NaYF4:Tm3+,Yb3+材料,用X射线衍射(XRD)分析,扫描电镜(SEM)观察和荧光光谱分析研究了不同络合剂,沉淀温度和燃烧温度对NaYF4:Tm3+,Yb3+材料发光性能,粒度及形貌的影响.研究结果表明,采用H2C2O4为沉淀剂制成草酸盐前躯体,然后在600℃下煅烧5h,即可得到发光效果较好的NaYF4:Tm3+,Yb3+材料.     

Synthesis and characterization of core–shell SiO2@(Er3+,Yb3+):Lu2O3

We synthesized crystalline Erbium Er³⁺ and Ytterbium Yb³⁺ codoped -Lu₂O₃ nanolayers on SiO₂ microspheres using the modified Pechini method. Two different kinds of precursors, nitrates and chlorides, have been used leading to a layer-to-layer morphology and necklaces structures, respectively. In both cases, the size of nanocrystallites constituting the optical active layer is around 5 nm. We performed X-ray powder diffraction to confirm the cubic crystalline structure of the sesquioxides layer. High resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses corroborate the crystalline nature of the layer. The optical emission of Er³⁺ in the visible range has been recorded.     

Room-temperature 1.643-µm Er(3+):Y(3)Sc(2)Ga(3)O(12) (Er:YSGG) laser

Laser operation at 1.643 μm ((4)I(13/2)-(4)I(15/2)) in Er(3+):Y(3)Sc(2)Ga(3)O(12) (Er:YSGG) at 300 K is reported. An Er:glass laser (1.532 μm) was used in an end-pumping arrangement to obtain laser output from a 1-cm-long 0.7% Er(3% Yb, 1% Cr):YSGG crystal in an external cavity. The Er:YSGG laser exhibited an 18-mJ threshold and a 10% slope efficiency.     

Polarized spectral properties and 1.5–1.6 μm laser operation of Er:Sr3Yb2(BO3)4 crystal

Undoped and Er³⁺-doped Sr₃Yb₂(BO₃)₄ crystals were grown by the Czochralski method. Room temperature polarized spectral properties of the Er:Sr₃Yb₂(BO₃)₄ crystal were investigated. The efficiency of the energy transfer from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺ ions in this crystal was calculated to be about 95%. End-pumped by a diode laser at 970 nm in a hemispherical cavity, a 0.75 W quasi-CW laser at 1.5–1.6 μm with a slope efficiency of 7% and an absorbed pump threshold of 3.8 W was achieved in a 0.5-mm-thick Z-cut crystal glued on a 5-mm-thick pure YAG crystal with UV-curable adhesive.     

Ho:YV0(4) solid-state saturable-absorber Q switch for a 2-µm Tm, Cr:Y(3)Al(5)O(12) laser

The holmium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Ho:YVO(4)) crystal was shown to be an effective solid-state saturable-absorber Q switch for a flash-lamp-pumped Tm,Cr:Y(3)Al(5)O(12) laser operating at 2.017 μm. A single Q-switched laser pulse of 3.5 mJ in energy and 45 ns in duration was observed with a 1-mm-thick 4% Ho:YVO(4) solid-state saturable absorber, which was grown with the high-temperature-solution-growth method.     

Ho:CaF(2) solid-state saturable-absorber Q switch for the 2-µm Tm,Cr:Y(3)Al(5)O(12) laser

The holmium-doped calcium fluoride (Ho:CaF(2)) crystal was shown to be an effective solid-state saturable-absorber Q-switch for a flash-lamp-pumped Tm,Cr:Y(3)Al(5)O(12) laser at 2.017 μm. With a 1-cm-thick Ho(0.5%),Er(5%):CaP(2) saturable absorber and a 6.3% output coupler, a single Q-switched laser pulse of 51 mJ in energy and 60 ns in duration was obtained at a flash-lamp input energy of 85 J. With a 14.6% output coupler, a typical Q-switched laser pulse of 84 mJ and 82 ns was observed.     

Continuous-wave Nd:GYSGG laser at 1.1 μm

We demonstrated a compact and simple continuous-wave (CW) Nd:GYSGG laser with triple-wavelength lines at 1105, 1107 and 1110 nm based on R₂ → Y₆, R₁ → Y₅ and R₁ → Y₆ of the ⁴F_3/2 → ⁴I_11/2 transition. The total output power of the triple-wavelength lines was 480 mW. Moreover, we obtained an efficient CW Nd:GYSGG laser at 1110 nm with the output power of 1560 mW at the pump power of 11.05 W. Those lines at 1058 and 1062 nm were suppressed completely by the simple output mirror of high transmission at 1.06 μm.     

Ln(Ln=Gd3+,Cu+,Sm3+,Dy3+)助激活的Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+荧光粉的光谱特性和Eu2+的格位计算

采用高温固相法合成了掺杂Ln(Ln=Gd3+,Cu+,Sm3+,Dy3+)作助激活离子的氯硅酸镁钙荧光粉.通过X射线衍射(XRD)对Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+,Ln进行了表征.结果表明Ln的共掺杂并没有影响基质晶体的面心立方结构.所合成的荧光粉发射峰值位于507nm的绿光区.激发光谱在330~430nm之间均有较强吸收,与紫光InGaN芯片(395nm)相匹配.掺杂Ln作助激活荆增强了荧光粉的发光强度.借助Uitert经验公式计算出Eu2+在Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2基质中占据八配位Ca(Ⅱ)格位.     

Na(La0.97Yb0.02Tm0.01)(WO4)2荧光粉的自牺牲模板合成及纯净近红外发光

本文以一种稀土层状化合物(La0.97Yb0.02Tm0.01)2(OH)4SO4·2H2O为新型模板通过自牺牲模板反应成功制备出Na(La0.97 Yb0.02 Tm0.01)(WO4)2上转换荧光粉.在该荧光粉的制备过程中不需要后续煅烧经自牺牲反应后可直接获得目标产物.采用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜...     

WO3 nano-ribbons: their phase transformation from tungstite (WO3·H2O) to tungsten oxide (WO3)

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) nano-ribbons (NRs) were obtained by annealing tungstite (WO₃·H₂O) NRs. The latter was synthesized below room temperature using a simple, environmentally benign, and low cost aging treatment of precursors made by adding hydrochloric acid to diluted sodium tungstate solutions (Na₂WO₄·2H₂O). WO₃ generates significant interests and is being used in a growing variety of applications. It is therefore important to identify suitable methods of production and better understand its properties. The phase transformation was observed to be initiated between 200 and 300 ^°C, and the crystallographic structure of the NRs changed from orthorhombic WO₃·H₂O to monoclinic WO₃. It was rigorously studied by annealing a series of samples ex situ in ambient air up to 800 ^°C and characterizing them afterward. A temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy study was performed on tungstite NRs between minus 180 and 700 ^°C. Also, in situ heating experiments in the transmission electron microscope allowed for the direct observation of the phase transformation. Powder X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize precisely this transformation.     

Efficient laser operation at 1.06 μm in co-doped Lu3+, Nd3+:GdCa4O(BO3)3 single crystal

Efficient laser emission at 1.06 μm was obtained from a diode-laser quasi-continuous wave pumped Nd_0.04Gd_0.86Lu_0.10Ca₄O(BO₃)₃ (Nd:GdLuCOB) single crystal. An uncoated, 6.0-mm long, ZX-cut Nd:GdLuCOB medium yielded laser pulses with 1.76 W peak power for absorbed pump pulses of 5.49 W peak power, corresponding to an overall optical-to-optical efficiency η_oa = 0.32; the slope efficiency was η_sa = 0.44. Comparison is made with an uncoated XY-cut Nd:GdCOB medium (4.0-at.% Nd doping and 6.8-mm length) from which laser pulses with 1.74 W peak power (at optical efficiency η_oa = 0.25) and 0.31 slope efficiency were obtained. The improvements in laser emission of Nd:GdLuCOB at the fundamental wavelength are important for future self-frequency doubling in ZX principal plane of this crystal.