Electric-spark alloying of structural alloys with a composite based on TiCN-AIN

The mass-transfer kinetics, the mechanism of formation, the tribotechnical characteristics, and the resistance to high-temperature oxidation of a coating formed on the hard alloy WC — 6% Co and on the titanium alloy VT6 by electric-spark alloying with electrode material based on TiCN — AIN with an Fe — Cr binder have been investigated. The phase distribution of the components in the coating was shown to be the same for both alloys. Electric-spark alloying of WC — Co and VT6 was found to reduce their wear by 33 and 60%, respectively. Moreover, the working temperature of the coated WC — Co alloy increased by 160 deg compared to the original surface. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 5–6(413), pp. 21–29, May–June, 2000.     

Oxidation resistance and high-temperature strength of WC-Co-Ni-Re(Mn) hard alloys

The basic regularities of hard alloy oxidation in the WC-Co-Ni-Re(Mn) system have been established. The temperature dependence of bending strength in the operation temperature range of turning tools has been investigated. Cutting blades from the investigated alloys with a modified metal binder have high operational properties, which is confirmed by tests. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgyia, Nos. 7–8(450), pp. 55–59, July–August 2006.     

Effect of electrospark alloying a tungsten hard alloy on its wear and corrosion resistance

An alternative to the surface modification of tungsten hard alloys by the PCVD method (from the point of view of economy and the level of useful properties) may be electrospark alloying (ESA). A study was made of the kinetics of mass transport in the ESA of a WC—6% Co alloy using an electrode material based on TiCN, and of the tribological properties and high-temperature oxidation resistance of the coated hard alloy. It was found that in the range of low and medium velocities (≤6 m/sec) linear wear of the WC—6% Co alloy was decreased by a factor of 22 by ESA, and the coefficient of friction decreased from 0.42 to 0.18. The untreated alloy suffered a catastrophic weight gain at elevated temperatures, while coated WC—6% Co retained statisfactory oxidation resistance. Institute for Problems of Materials Science, Ukraine National Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 5–6(407), pp. 42–47, May–June, 1999.     

Electroerosion resistance and structural phase transformations in electrospark and laser deposition of titanium alloys using composite ceramics based on ZrB2-ZrSi2 and TiN-Cr3C2 systems

The paper examines the mass transfer kinetics, structure, phase and chemical compositions, and micromechanical properties of electrospark and laser coatings on titanium alloys (including their combination) deposited using composite materials based on the ZrB₂-ZrSi₂ and TiN-Cr₃C₂ systems. The electrospark deposition of both materials is characterized by a relatively high mass-transfer coefficient (∼40–60%) over a wide range of treatment time t ≥ 1 min/cm². It is determined that after prolonged electrospark deposition (t = 7 min/cm²), ZrB₂-ZrSi₂ coatings have structurally heterogeneous surface with smoothed Ti-alloy localities caused by the melt crystallization and modified with alloying components. It is shown that ZrB₂-based coatings are promising along with conventional wear-resistant coatings based on refractory titanium compounds. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Vol. 47, No. 1–2 (459), pp. 151–161, 2008.     

机械合金化在Fe-Si合金制备中的应用

机械合金化是一种新的材料制备方法, 近年来在功能材料的制备中得到了广泛的应用. 该文简要回顾了机械合金化的发展历史, 阐述了机械合金化的原理及反应机制, 介绍了机械合金化技术在过饱和固溶体、非晶、纳米晶及金属间化合物等领域的应用状况. 指出机械合金化过程的热力学和动力学研究及合金相结构、性能与球磨工艺条件之间的规律是今后研究的重点, 后续处理工艺的改进是产品实现从实验室向工业应用转变的重要保证.     

Effect of combination of gas phase deposition and electric-spark alloying on wear resistance of VK8 (WC-8% Co) hard alloy

The composition and structure of heterophase coatings on VK8 (WC-8% Co) hard alloy cutting blades (inserts) were studied. The coatings were obtained by the methods of CVD of TiC with double magnetic-abrasive treatment and electric-spark alloying (ESA) with a TiCN-AlN-based composite as well as by combining these two methods. The wear resistance of WC-Co cutting blades with combination coatings was the best in tests on cutting the materials from SCh20 cast iron. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 7–8(450), pp. 49–55, July–August 2006.     

溶胶-凝胶技术提高不锈钢抗高温氧化及铝合金阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在不锈钢基体表面制备ZrO₂和Al₂O₃涂层,并对铝合金阳极氧化膜进行封孔处理.采用高温循环氧化法研究ZrO₂和Al₂O₃涂层抗高温氧化性能,通过电化学阻抗谱和剥蚀法分析溶胶-凝胶法封孔后铝合金氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明：ZrO₂和Al₂O₃涂层的抗高温氧化性能随涂层厚度增加而提高;铝合金阳极氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能也随封孔次数的增加而提高,但当封孔处理超过8次后,阻抗值和腐蚀程度基本不随封孔次数发生变化;实施相同次数封孔处理后,Al₂O₃溶胶的封孔效果略优于ZrO₂溶胶的封孔效果.     

Wear resistance of a plasma-electrospark zirconium diboride-based coating on aluminum alloy D16T

The paper examines the structure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of ZrB₂-based plasma coatings formed on D16T aluminum alloy under different conditions. It is established that coatings with an electrospark sublayer are characterized by stronger adhesion with the substrate as compared with that deposited on the base after conventional sandblasting. The wear resistance of this coating in dry friction is comparable with the monolithic VK15 hard alloy. Laser treatment of the coating in open air decreases the wear by 25% at low sliding rates and simultaneously decreases the hardness by 50%. __________ Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Vol. 46, No. 5–6 (455), pp. 53–59, 2007.     

Fe-Al和Fe-Cr-Al合金在高温下的初期氧化

研究了Fe-10Al、Fe-5Cr-10Al和Fe-10Cr-10Al分别在900℃和1 000℃的初期氧化行为.利用电子显微镜(SEM)和俄歇电子谱(AES)分析了合金表面形成氧化膜的形貌与组成.Fe-Cr-Al实现铝的选择性氧化所需的时间取决于合金中铝和铬的质量分数,同时也与氧化温度有关,较高的反应温度能促进铝的选择性氧化.Fe-10Cr-10Al比Fe-5Cr-10Al更快地实现铝的选择性氧化,而Fe-5Cr-10Al在1 000℃比在900℃更快实现铝的选择性氧化.     

Microstructures and properties of CuZrAl and CuZrAlTi medium entropy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

Equiatomic CuZrAl and CuZrAlTi medium entropy alloys were designed and synthesized by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering technique.The alloying behavior,phase evolutions,microstructures and properties of samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction,differential scanning calorimetry,field emission scanning electron microscopy,microscopy/Vickers hardness testing and electrochemical polarization measurement.The results indicate that the final products of as-milled alloys consist of amorphous phases.Ti addition improves the glass forming ability of as-milled alloys.The as-sintered CuZrAl alloy contains face-centered cubic(fcc)solid solution,Al_(1.05)Cu_(0.95) Zr and AlZr_2 phases at different sintering temperatures.With Ti addition,the as-sintered sample is only composed of intermetallics at 690°C,while fcc1,fcc2 and CuTi3phases are formed at 1100°C.CuZrAlTi-1100°C alloy exhibits the highest hardness value of 1173HV0.2owing to the high sintering density,solid solution strengthening and homogeneous precipitation of nano-size crystalline phase.CuZrAlTi-690°C alloy presents a similar corrosion resistance with304 Lstainless steel in seawater solution and further possesses the lower corrosion rate.     

Microstructures and properties of CoCrCuFeNiMox high-entropy alloys fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

CoCrCuFeNiMox (x values in molar ratio, x?=?0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8) high-entropy alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering method. The effects of Mo addition on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) result showed that the addition of Mo into CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) changed the original phase constitution from FCC to FCC?+?σ?+?μ and the peak intensity of (1 1 1) shifted to the left and decreased steadily. The field emission scanning electron microscope confirmed that the Cu-rich second FCC phase disappeared and the σ phase with a tetragonal structure expanded as the Mo content was increased. Additionally, a high density of dimple-like features were seen in CoCrCuFeNi HEA while typical quasi-cleavage facets could be observed from the fracture surfaces of the HEAs with the addition of Mo. The Mo0.8 alloy showed a good wear resistant and appropriate strength with fracture strain 22.70%, fraction coefficient 0.65, hardness 530?HV and compressive strength 1448?MPa.

Special theme block on high entropy alloys, guest edited by Paula Alvaredo Olmos, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain, and Sheng Guo, Chalmers University, Gothenburg, Sweden.     

Ni-Cr-Al合金在1000℃空气中的氧化

研究了两种不同Cr含量的常规熔炼Ni-Cr-Al合金在1000℃空气中的氧化行为.合金氧化动力学遵循抛物线规律,Ni-20Cr-2.5Al合金在1000℃的氧化增重略小于Ni-15Cr-2.5Al合金,二者的氧化增重都明显小于Ni-20Cr合金.Ni-20Cr-2.5Al合金1000℃氧化后形成了外层的Cr2O3及内层极薄的Al2O3型氧化膜,在Ni-Cr合金中加入Al,由于Cr、Al的相互作用,降低了形成Cr2O3和Al2O3外氧化膜所需的Cr或Al的临界含量,促进了保护性Al2O3或Cr2O3膜的生成.     

Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基铸态合金的高温氧化行为

采用熔铸法制备不同Al含量的Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金,研究Al含量和预氧化处理对合金在600℃大气中抗氧化性能的影响,并利用FE-SEM(EDS)、XRD对不同状态合金氧化膜的形貌及成分进行对比分析.结果表明:Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金在600℃时的氧化动力学曲线较好地遵循抛物线规律,铝含量的增加以及预氧化处理均...     

Effects of tungsten on the oxidation resistance and high-temperature strength of 18CrNbTi ferritic stainless steel

18CrNbTi ferritic stainless steel is a low-cost material mainly used for the fabrication of manifolds,which usually work at temperatures below 950 ℃.With the development of engine technology,exhaust manifolds tend to work above 1 000 ℃ and this may be even higher in the future.For developing a new kind of steel to satisfy these requirements,the effects of tungsten(W) addition on the high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance of18 CrNbTi ferritic stainless steel are discussed in this study.The test results show that W enhances high-temperature strength at 1 000 ℃ and significantly improves oxidation resistance.However,W addition tends to degrade oxide layer adhesion,causing spalling during alternate hot and cold conditions.     

W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe 高比重合金的摩擦磨损行为

采用高能球磨和放电等离子体烧结技术制备W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe高比重合金,研究不同球磨时间对合金显微组织结构和摩擦磨损行为的影响. 结果表明:当球磨时间较短（2 h）时,合金粉末中Ni、Fe元素仍以单质的形式存在;随着球磨时间的延长,Ni(Fe)溶入W晶格中形成W的过饱和固溶体,W衍射峰强度逐渐变弱,峰形明显宽化,合金试样的相对密度呈下降趋势;适量的球磨时间（24 h）,既可以保证合金中黏结相的含量和均匀分布,又不至于引入过量的杂质元素而引起合金成分改变,合金拥有最优的耐摩擦磨损性能.      

C/C复合材料抗氧化复合涂层的制备及其性能

设计并制备了一种工作温度不大于1373 K的C/C复合材料抗氧化复合涂层,其基本结构为浸溃过渡层,陶瓷相阻挡层/玻璃相封填层,涂覆有复合涂层的C/C复合材料试样在空气中于1173 K下氧化10 h的失重率仅为10.37％,氧化失重速率为5.67×10~(-5)g/(cm~2·min);1173 K←→室温空气中急冷急热10 h循环100次后,失重率为8.41％,涂层没有剥落,说明整个涂层具有良好的高温抗氧化性和抗热震性能,该种复合涂层可在中低温(不大于1373 K)氧化性气氛中长时间工作,适合作C/C复合材料航空刹车副等部件的抗氧化涂层,能够大大提高C/C复合材料的使用寿命和性能。     

ODS-310合金的高温氧化行为

采用静态氧化增重实验及扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射分析等手段,研究了ODS-310合金在高温环境下的氧化行为,分析了氧化层的形貌、成分和物相,并对其高温氧化动力学曲线进行拟合.实验发现各个温度下的氧化动力学曲线均基本符合抛物线规律.在700℃和900℃氧化100 h以后,ODS-310合金均表现出优异的抗氧化性能.但是,当氧化温度为1100℃时,氧化层厚度明显增厚,而且氧化层有疏松和不连续的现象,不利于氧化层对基体的保护.氧化程度随着氧化温度的提高和氧化时间的延长而加剧.通过能谱和X射线衍射综合分析可知氧化层的物相为Cr₂O₃.     

在钛合金表面制备Al-Si涂层的方法及其高温抗氧化性

采用低氧压高温快速熔结技术在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面成功地制备出具有抗高温氧化能力的Al-Si熔结涂层.与其他工艺相比,这种工艺相对简单,且不需要经过长时间的加热处理就能在合金的表面形成一层足够厚度的Al-Si熔结涂层,不仅省时节能,且涂层中的抗氧化元素铝、硅的浓度可通过调整涂层粉末的混合比例来进行控制.XRD检测表明涂层主要由Al、Si、Ti₅Si₃和TiAl₃相组成.在1073K空气中循环氧化105h的实验结果表明:未经过处理的钛合金试样的氧化增重一直保持着较高的增长速率;而对带有低氧压熔结Al-Si涂层的试样来说,其氧化增重近似呈抛物线规律,显著地提高了钛合金的抗氧化能力.     

电解液中Li2SO4对ZAlSi12合金微弧氧化膜特性的影响

采用微弧氧化技术在ZAlSi12合金表面制备氧化膜,研究了Li₂SO₄的加入对微弧氧化膜性能的影响.随着电解液中Li₂SO₄含量增加,试样表面氧化膜变厚且粗糙.X射线衍射分析表明,微弧氧化膜主要由Al₂O₃相和莫来石相组成.加入Li₂SO₄且经微弧氧化处理得到的试样耐腐蚀性能优于未经微弧氧化处理的试样.     

钨粉颗粒级配对氧化铝陶瓷金属化方阻的影响

选取3种平均粒径分别为0.2、0.5和1μm的钨粉,将任意2种钨粉按一定的质量比混合后与氧化铝陶瓷共烧,得到氧化铝陶瓷的金属化层,研究钨粉颗粒级配对氧化铝陶瓷金属化方阻的影响。结果表明,钨金属化层的方阻与其烧结致密化程度直接相关,钨金属化层越致密,其表面方阻越低。单独使用其中1种粒度的钨粉与氧化铝陶瓷共烧时,金属化方阻较高。将0.5μm和1μm钨粉混合能显著降低方阻,当两者质量比为45:55时得到的金属化方阻最小(12.10 m/□)。混合钨粉的累积分布曲线符合Dinger-Funk粉体堆积公式,分布模数n越接近0.37,其烧结致密化程度越高,金属化方阻越低。