Preparation of polypyrrole coated cotton conductive fabrics

Polypyrrole-coated cotton conductive fabrics were prepared by in situ polymerization. The influences of pyrrole dosage, mole ratio of pyrrole to iron (III) chloride, reaction temperature and reaction time on the conductivity of the polypyrrole-coated cotton conductive fabrics were analyzed. The best method for preparing the polypyrrole-coated cotton conductive fabrics was determined. The structures of the conductive cotton fabrics were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that when mo1e ratio of pyrrole to iron (III) chloride was 2:1, reaction at room temperature for 1 h with a bath ratio of 1:40, the conductivity of the prepared fabric was the best with a surface resistance of 0.15 kΩ/cm. The chemical structure and the surface morphological structures of the conductive cotton fabrics were different from that of the untreated cotton fabrics. By in situ polymerization, the fiber surfaces appeared homogeneously coated with a film of polypyrrole. Importantly, the process of pyrrole polymerization is very simple. This study offers a new simple way for preparing the polypyrrole-coated cotton conductive fabrics effectively.     

可拉伸聚吡咯/棉针织物的制备及其储电性能

为赋予棉针织物导电和储电的新功能并将其用于可穿戴器件中,将吡咯单体原位聚合到棉针织物上。借助扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪对棉针织物和聚吡咯的微观形貌以及化学结构进行表征,并测试了聚吡咯/棉针织物在不同拉伸应变时的表面电阻及电化学性能。结果表明:聚吡咯充分附着在针织棉纤维上;当拉伸应变从0%增至40%时,织物电阻值从429.2 Ω降至231.4 Ω;织物在5 mV/s条件下的储电面积容量为680.6 mF/cm ²,在2 mA/cm² 条件下为1 014.2 mF/cm²;由聚吡咯/棉针织物组装成的对称型超级电容器在1、5 mA/cm²时的面积容量分别为229.8、161.5 mF/cm²,经过10 000次恒流充放电循环后容量保留率为76.3%。     

等离子体预处理对聚吡咯/涤纶经编导电织物结构和性能的影响

为改善导电高聚物在涤纶经编针织物上的附着效果,采用常温常压等离子体预处理方法对涤纶织物进行表面改性处理,并通过原位聚合法制备了聚吡咯/涤纶导电针织物,研究了等离子体预处理对聚吡咯在涤纶针织物上附着效果的影响,借助扫描电子显微镜和电阻仪分析了导电织物的微观形貌以及平磨前后方阻值的变化。结果表明:等离子体预处理方法可增加聚吡咯在涤纶上的附着量,改善聚吡咯在涤纶上的附着牢度,提高导电织物导电层在平磨过程中的保持程度,且附着量与等离子体预处理次数存在相关性:当等离子体预处理次数为4时,聚吡咯在涤纶针织物上的附着效果最佳。     

Dependence of sheet resistance of nickel-plated PANi/PTT composite fabric on electroless plating conditions

Flexible and stretchable conductive composite fabrics have wide applications, including wearable sensors, antenna, electrodes, solar batteries, signal, or power transmission. For most of applications, the electrical conductive fabrics need a low sheet resistance and antioxidation. To improve the stability and the electrical conductivity of PANi/PTT composite conductive fabric, some conductive composite fabrics were prepared by electroless nickel plating on PANi/PTT composite fabrics in the aqueous nickel sulfate solutions. The sheet electrical properties of the composite fabric were evaluated by the van der Pauw method, and the effect of the chemical plating conditions such as reducing agent, complexing agent, and buffer agent concentrations were investigated on the sheet resistance as well as the mechanical properties of fabric substance. The results show that the lower sheet resistance of composite fabrics was observed at the concentrations of NiSO₄, 25 g/L, NaH₂PO_2, 20 g/L, Na₃C₆H₅O₇, 15 g/L, CH₃COONa, 20 g/L, respectively. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the Ni/PANi/PTT composite fabrics were improved in comparison with those of PANi/PTT composite fabrics.     

聚吡咯复合织物的软模板法制备及其性能

为改善聚吡咯复合织物的导电性和疏水性,采用不同软模板制备聚吡咯复合棉及涤纶织物。借助扫描电子显微镜对聚吡咯复合材料的微观形貌进行表征,测试了聚吡咯/棉织物和聚吡咯/涤纶织物的表面电阻、电导率、接触角、K/S值、干摩擦等级以及断裂强力等性能变化。结果表明:制备聚吡咯/棉织物和聚吡咯/涤纶织物电导率最高的软模板均为蒽醌-2-磺酸钠盐,聚吡咯/棉织物电导率较大;棉织物以甲基橙为软模板,涤纶织物以木质素磺酸钠为软模板时疏水效果最好;棉织物以十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为软模板时耐摩擦等级效果最好,聚吡咯/涤纶织物的干摩擦等级均很低,需要进一步提高其耐摩擦性能。     

疏水性导电聚吡咯整理棉织物的制备及其性能

为提高纺织品的多功能性如导电和疏水性等,在棉织物表面合成了疏水导电高分子材料聚吡咯。通过加入低表面能的掺杂剂来调控聚吡咯的疏水性与导电性,并对聚吡咯整理棉织物的表观形貌、电导率、接触角及K/S值等进行表征。结果表明,以木质素磺酸钠(LGS)为模板,掺杂 0.025 mol/L全氟辛基磺酸钾(KPFOS)制得的聚吡咯整理棉织物疏水性能最佳,且达到超疏水状态;以蒽醌-2-磺酸钠盐(AQS)为软模板、掺杂十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA) 的聚吡咯复合棉织物电导率最大。以AQS为软模板且以0.01 mol/L DBSA掺杂的聚吡咯整理棉织物综合性能较好: 接触角为131.2°,电导率为61.4 S/cm。因此通过模板的微观形貌控制以及烷基链或全氟烷基链的掺杂,可得到同时具备良好导电和疏水性能的聚吡咯整理棉织物,但其掺杂剂的调控机制仍需进一步研究。     

高导电性聚吡咯涂层织物的制备

为将聚吡咯导电材料应用于纺织领域,开发具有优良导电性及导电稳定性的功能性纺织面料,利用氢氧化钠/尿素体系对棉针织物表面进行改性,通过原位聚合的方法将聚吡咯沉积于改性的棉针织物表面制备导电织物,探讨了吡咯单体浓度、氧化剂用量、掺杂剂浓度、掺杂剂种类、反应温度和时间等参数对织物导电性的影响。将织物在空气、水中的导电稳定性进行对比,筛选出合适的掺杂剂。结果表明:5-磺基水杨酸钠(浓度0.015 mol/L)为掺杂剂,吡咯浓度为0.3 mol/L,氯化铁浓度为0.4 mol/L,在0 ℃下聚合反应4 h时,聚吡咯涂层后棉织物的表面方阻可降为1.4 Ω/□,而且涂层织物在空气中的导电稳定性好于其在水中的稳定性。     

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Exhaustion on Cotton Fabric Simultaneously Using Laser Ablation Method

ABSTRACT

In this experimental research, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized on cotton fabric using laser ablation method in the same bath. Also the effects of the size of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on the structural and antibacterial properties of silver NP-coated cotton fabric have been investigated experimentally. A pulsed laser beam was used for synthesis of Ag NPs on cotton fabric. Pulses of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser of 1064 nm wavelengths at 7 ns pulse width and different fluencies was employed to irradiate the Ag target in deionized water in the presence of cotton fabric. Four samples were prepared using different laser fluencies. The amount, size, morphology, and structure of produced NPs were studied using their spectrum in the range of UV to IR, and scanning electron microscopy methods. Fabrics were polluted by gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The colony counting method was used to investigate the antibacterial activity of prepared cotton samples. Results show that laser ablation for synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on cotton fabric is an inexpensive fast method for producing antibacterial fabrics.     

Determinants of electrical resistance change of in situ PPy-polymerized stretch plain woven fabric under uniaxial tensile strain

Although the conductive stretchable woven fabric has been widely used as the sensitive material of strain sensors monitoring human motion, it is lack of a deep understanding of the determinants of its electrical resistance change under uniaxial tensile strain. This study chose two kinds of typical stretchable plain woven fabric, i.e. cotton/spandex core-spun yarn fabric and polyester/spandex filament yarn fabric, and they were coated by in situ polymerization of polypyrrole. Their electromechanical responses under certain uniaxial tensile loadings were measured and compared. Meanwhile, by a multi-architecture analysis, i.e. the intrinsic resistance of yarns, the contact resistance of interlacing yarns and the contact resistance of adjacent yarns in parallel, several hypotheses were proposed and tested to determine the determinants of electrical resistance change under tensile strains. The results showed that the resistance change in woven fabric with in situ polymerization of polypyrrole mainly depends on the contact resistance of the adjacent conductive yarns in tensile direction, and the electromechanical responses of the cotton/spandex core spun yarn are significantly different from those of the polyester/spandex filament yarn. It was concluded that the conductive yarn density and fabric structure are critical parameters of woven fabric as resistive strain sensor.     

银纳米线改性棉织物的制备及其性能

为提高棉织物附加值并改善其对改性成分的吸附性,首先利用高碘酸钠氧化处理以增加棉纤维的粘结性,然后采用一步多元醇还原法,在160 ℃条件下制备银纳米线(AgNWs)并分散到无水乙醇中,以棉织物为基底,采用浸渍—烘干法将AgNWs整理到棉织物表面。对AgNWs的形貌、长度、直径及结晶结构进行了测试与表征,并分析了整理后棉织物的防紫外线性能、导电性和耐洗性能。结果表明:随着AgNWs质量浓度的增加,棉织物的导电性能提高了80% 以上;当AgNWs质量浓度为10 g/L时,紫外线防护系数(UPF值)可达55,紫外线透过率可降至2.5%以下;氧化处理使改性棉织物的耐洗性能提高了20%,经氧化处理的改性棉织物经3次洗涤后UPF值仍可达46.51;该柔性导电棉织物可应用于柔性电子纺织品和抗紫外线产品中。     

防电磁辐射聚吡咯/ 棉织物的制备及其性能

为获得具备吸波特性的防电磁辐射织物,采用液相化学氧化法制备聚吡咯/棉高分子涂覆类织物,借助法兰同轴法测试织物电磁屏蔽效能,运用KES织物风格仪分析织物物理力学性能,在综合考察制备工艺对织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响以及织物经吡咯处理后的风格变化的基础上,获得最优制备工艺参数。同时,分析了织物电导率、厚度、电磁波频率以及表面孔洞面积对聚吡咯/棉复合织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响。在此基础上,建立了聚吡咯/棉复合织物及表面具有孔洞的复合织物的电磁屏蔽效能预测模型。结果表明：随着织物电导率、厚度的增加,屏蔽效能随之增加;随着电磁波频率的增加,电磁屏蔽效能呈现下降趋势;孔洞大小对电磁屏蔽效能影响显著。     

基于聚多巴胺修饰的聚吡咯导电织物制备与应变传感性能

为改善聚吡咯(PPy)导电层与织物基底的结合牢度,提高应变传感器的稳定性,以聚多巴胺为粘合剂,采用原位聚合法制备聚吡咯/聚多巴胺(PPy/PDA)导电涤纶/氨纶织物,探究PPy/PDA导电涤纶/氨纶织物的导电性能和应变传感性能。用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析其表面形貌与结构,采用实验室自制的KTC传感器测试盒,测试其灵敏度和稳定性。结果表明,与PPy导电涤纶/氨纶织物相比,PPy/PDA导电涤纶/氨纶织物表面导电层更均匀,导电填料与基底的结合牢度更高,制得的传感元件灵敏度高,在500次重复应变后的稳定性更好,可应用于人体运动检测和康复训练等领域。     

Flame retardant,anti-static and wear comfort properties of modacrylic/Excel®/anti-static PET blend yarns and their knitted fabrics

Abstract

This study examined the flame retardant, anti-static properties, and wear comfort of knitted fabrics made from three types of yarns composed of modacrylic, antistatic PET, cotton, and Excel^® fibers. A limit oxygen index (LOI) above 28 was observed in the two types of modacrylic knitted fabric specimens made from the Excel^®-included and cotton-blended yarns. The Excel^®-included modacrylic knitted fabric showed superior flame retardant properties to the cotton blended and 100% cotton ones. The anti-static properties of the two types of modacrylic knitted fabrics imbedded with 3?wt. % of antistatic PET fibers were observed experimentally and compared with the anti-static property of the 100% cotton fabric by rubbing with wool and cotton fabrics attached to the measuring apparatus; the Excel^®-included modacrylic knitted fabric showed better anti-static properties. Regarding the wear comfort, quick perspiration absorption, and fast drying properties of the Excel^®-included modacryl knitted fabric was superior to those of the cotton blended and 100% cotton ones. The thermal conductivity of the Excel^®-included modacrylic knitted fabric was lower than that of the cotton blended and 100% cotton ones. This was attributed to the lower intrinsic thermal conductivity of the Excel^® than cotton fibers, and the higher porosity and fabric thickness of the Excel^®-included fabric than the cotton blended and 100% cotton fabrics. The water vapor permeability of the Excel^®-included modacrylic fabric was lower than that of the 100% cotton one. In addition, the Excel^®-included modacrylic fabric appeared to have an inferior tactile hand compared to the cotton blended and 100% cotton fabrics because of its less extensibility, lower compressibility, higher bending and shear rigidity.     

聚吡咯涤纶导电织物的制备及其表征

本文主要讨论了碱减量处理前后涤纶织物经原位聚合法制备聚吡咯导电织物的制备条件及性能研究。采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线光谱等测试手段分析了制得复合织物的表面形貌、组织结构和元素原子数分数,确定聚吡咯的存在,并分析了碱减量处理、掺杂剂以及氧化剂等因素对织物导电性能的影响。结果表明,通过对织物进行碱处理以及控制反应中掺杂剂、氧化剂的浓度等条件,可以制备具有良好导电性能的聚吡咯导电涤纶织物,并且导电织物的耐洗稳定性良好。     

Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of carbon/stainless steel/polypropylene hybrid yarn-based knitted fabrics and their composites

In this study, a range of conductive hybrid knitted fabrics and their composites have been investigated for shielding effectiveness in the frequency ranges of 50 MHz to 1.5 GHz (low frequency) and 4 to 8 GHz (C-Band). Carbon and stainless steel (SS) filaments were combined in Dref-3 spinning machine and different hybrid yarns were prepared. The plain- and rib-knitted fabrics were made in V-bed flat knitting machine from the prepared hybrid yarns. The composite laminate was prepared by sandwiching a ply of fabric between the polypropylene films in compression moulding machine at 180 °C for 5 min under a consolidation pressure of 12 bar. All the fabrics and composites were tested for shielding effectiveness (SE) in coaxial transmission line and C-band waveguide with the help of vector network analyser. It was observed that fabric having both conductive loop and inlaid yarns exhibited higher SE of 20.2 dB than other fabrics in low-frequency range. However, in the composite form, carbon composite with SS inlaid yarn showed better SE of 45 dB than other composites. In C-band frequency range, conductive loop fabric structures yielded high shielding effect in course direction compared to wales direction. Compared to fabric form, the composite showed higher SE for all frequency ranges. This study proposes that knitted fabrics and their composites can be utilized as electromagnetic shields in wide frequency ranges.     

基于二维碳化钛材料修饰的功能棉针织物制备及其性能

为拓展二维碳化钛材料在棉针织物中的应用,制备具有一定耐水洗性能的导电棉针织物,首先利用LiF/HCl混合溶液刻蚀前驱体钛碳化铝获得二维碳化钛导电材料(Ti₃C₂T_x),再对棉针织物进行阳离子化改性,使Ti₃C₂T_x通过静电作用附着到阳离子化的棉针织物表面,得到导电棉针织物材料。借助X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等手段对棉针织物在阳离子化改性前后以及负载Ti₃C₂T_x前后进行形貌表征和元素分析。通过RTS-9型四探针测试导电棉针织物的表面电阻,对棉针织物阳离子化改性工艺及Ti₃C₂T_x在阳离子化棉针织物表面的负载条件进行了优化。得到棉针织物阳离子化改性的最佳工艺:阳离子改性剂用量为10%(o.w.f),氢氧化钠质量浓度为10 g/L,获得Ti₃C₂T<...     

Development and characterisation of polyaniline/polyamide (PANI/PA) fabrics for electromagnetic shielding

In this study, novel conductive fabrics were developed by polymerising of aniline onto the polyamide (PA)-knitted fabrics. The fabric treatment was done by the chemical polymerisation method at 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2?M aniline concentrations. Hydrochloric acid as acidic medium and ammonium per sulphate as oxidant were employed during the polymerisation process. The polyaniline (PANI)-treated PA fabric structures were fully characterised and evaluated in terms of their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, absorption and reflection characteristics and tensile properties. Additionally, the fabrics were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the surface morphology and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the chemical functionality. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, absorption and reflection characteristics were determined by Network Analyzer with a frequency ranged from 15 to 3000 MHz. The electrical characteristics were measured by the two ends method. It has been concluded that the bursting strength values of the treated fabrics reduced when the amount of monomer in the concentrations decreased as compared to the untreated fabrics. It is interesting to note that 1.2 M treated fabric had the highest bursting strength values as compared to the other treated fabrics. It was also found that 0.5 M concentration of PANI-treated fabric had the lowest surface resistivity due to this it showed the highest conductivity value. Another important finding is that the 0.5 M-aniline treated fabric had the highest shielding effectiveness.     

银复合棉织物的制备及导电性能研究

以纯棉织物与硝酸银为主要原材料,通过化学还原法制备了银复合棉织物。利用XRD、UV-Vis、激光粒度仪、SEM、四探针测试仪等对银复合棉织物进行表征及性能测试。分析硝酸银质量浓度、还原反应时长、反应温度、浴比、还原剂质量浓度对银复合棉织物方阻的影响。结果表明:在反应条件为硝酸银质量浓度1.5 mg/mL、反应温度80℃、还原反应时长60 min、还原剂质量浓度1.5 mg/mL、浴比1∶50时,能够得到具有良好导电性能的银复合棉织物,此时方阻最低可达45Ω/sq,具有作为导电材料使用的潜力。     

聚苯胺/锦纶/氨纶复合导电织物的制备工艺

为制备导电性能良好的导电织物,开发出柔软性智能纺织品,详细介绍制备导电织物的原料、设备、方法及织物导电性能测试方法.以锦纶/氨纶经平绒针织物为基体材料,聚苯胺为导电材料,采用现场吸附聚合沉积法制备导电性良好的聚苯胺复合导电织物.通过单因素试验分析法研究盐酸浓度、过硫酸铵浓度、反应时间、反应温度等工艺条件对导电织物聚苯胺...     

聚吡咯/银导电涤纶织物的制备及其性能

为拓展聚吡咯/银(PPy/Ag)导电涤纶织物的应用领域,在等离子体预处理涤纶织物的条件下,以硝酸银为氧化剂,采用一锅法制备PPy/Ag导电涤纶织物。借助傅里叶红外光谱仪、X 射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等对导电织物进行表征,通过电阻仪测试导电织物的方阻值,采用琼脂平皿法测试其抑菌效果。结果表明:制备的PPy/Ag导电涤纶织物具有良好的导电性,并对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的抑制作用;导电织物的导电性与等离子体预处理涤纶织物的次数呈正相关,且在等离子体预处理4次时,其方阻达到最小值0.22 kΩ/□。