HCCI燃烧技术应用性能研究

均质压燃(HCCI)是一种全新的燃烧方式,它能够有效地提高发动机的燃烧热效率,降低NOx和碳烟的排放。阐述了HCCI燃烧的特点、HCCI燃烧技术的优点、需要解决的技术问题,介绍了将HCCI燃烧技术应用到汽油机、柴油机上的一些方法,最后对HCCI燃烧技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

均质压燃式(HCCI)燃烧的研究

均质压燃式（HCCI）燃烧方式是目前内燃机燃烧领域的研究热点。HCCI燃烧是以预混合燃烧和低温反应为特征的燃烧方式。采用HCCI燃烧方式可以同时有效降低柴油机的NOX和碳烟排放，并提高柴油机的循环热效率。HCCI发动机通常工作在高空燃比和较低的压缩比条件下，工作范围较小，高负荷时功率输出不足。“双模式”HCCI发动机是解决上述问题的有效途径，并成为近期HCCI发动机研究中的热点。     

汽油压燃燃烧过程碳烟生成的数值模拟

汽油压燃(GCI)燃烧方式能在获得较高热效率的同时保持较低的排放,但在大负荷高EGR率条件下,GCI仍存在碳烟排放较高的现象.本文基于Converge软件对GCI燃烧过程中的碳烟生成、发展及其氧化过程进行了模拟研究.首先在一个定容燃烧弹装置上验证了3种多步现象学碳烟模型在喷雾燃烧中的预测性能,然后对光学发动机中的GCI燃烧和碳烟生成过程进行了仿真研究.结果表明,在控制CA50不变的条件下,选取Gokul模型进行了HCCI、GCI、CDC燃烧方式的对比研究,结果表明,由于高辛烷值燃料的滞燃期较长,GCI燃烧的碳烟显著低于CI模式.GCI燃烧室内仍存在局部浓区,其燃烧特征介于预混燃烧和扩散燃烧之间,在研究的小负荷工况下,其碳烟生成过程与HCCI燃烧较相似,较为均匀的油气混合状态抑制了碳烟的生成.     

适用于柴油HCCI燃烧的碳烟半经验模型研究

将改进的碳烟半经验模型和简化正庚烷的化学反应机理纳入KIVA-3V程序中,以描述柴油燃烧过程中碳烟的生成和氧化历程。通过以正庚烷为燃料的激波管试验验证发现,在较宽的温度和压力范围内,该碳烟半经验模型可以相对准确地预测碳烟的生成率、颗粒直径和数密度。在定容燃烧器中典型的传统柴油机的扩散燃烧和接近于均质压燃(HCCI)发动机的预混燃烧状况下,应用此碳烟模型进一步研究了喷孔直径和喷射压力对碳烟排放的影响。结果发现模型预测得到的碳烟体积分数分布与试验吻合得较好,同时显示当控制局部当量比小于2.0时可以避免碳烟的生成。     

用扩散及准均质混合气压燃的组合燃烧降低柴油机碳烟与NOx排放的研究

在柴油机的一部分工况采用现有的扩散燃烧方式，另一部分工况采用柴油引燃醇燃料均质混合气的组合燃烧方式，利用醇燃料的高汽化潜热和含氧的特性，达到同时降低柴油机碳烟及氮氧化物(NOχ)的目的，并且避免在小负荷燃烧醇燃料带来的高醛类排放问题。在一台4缸水冷直喷式发动机上采用上述组合燃烧法进行试验，从发动机进气管处喷进乙醇形成均质混合气，然后由柴油引燃。由电控装置控制乙醇喷入量及其喷入时刻。试验结果表明，与原机相比，碳烟和NOχ排放分别减少了50％和30％，同时燃料的消耗率也有大幅度降低。     

柴油机HCCI燃烧阶段缸内工质状态的模拟研究

针对柴油机均质充量压燃（HCCI）燃烧过程燃烧始点难以控制和大负荷爆燃的技术难点,建立了HCCI柴油机缸内燃烧阶段模型,通过对R4102柴油机的模拟计算,获得了燃烧阶段缸内工质T—P变化历程,分析了进气温度、过量空气系数、压缩比以及喷油时刻等因素对柴油机HCCI燃烧过程的影响,鉴于发动机实际运行工况,最后模拟研究了综合因素效应对柴油机HCCI燃烧始点的影响．研究结果为HCCI柴油机优化设计和燃烧控制提供指导依据。     

均质压燃(HCCI)燃烧过程控制方式的研究

均质压燃(HCCI)燃烧方式是目前内燃机燃烧领域的研究焦点。因HCCI发动机的燃烧过程主要由可燃混合气的化学动力学所控制，故很难在全负荷范围内控制它的着火时刻和燃烧放热率。因此，HCCI燃烧过程的控制成为HCCI研究热点。本文根据一些控制HCCI发动机燃烧过程的研究结果对其进行阐述。     

多缸汽油HCCI发动机燃烧循环变动的研究

在均质混合气压燃(HCCI)发动机研发中多缸不均匀性是一个重要的问题.通过在缸内直喷汽油机(GDI)上采用两次燃油喷射和可变配气技术来控制缸内混合气形成和燃烧,实现了SI/HCCI复合燃烧方式,研究了汽油HCCI发动机在不同燃烧模式下的多缸燃烧循环波动特性.研究结果表明:在汽油机中低负荷典型工况下,HCCI燃烧pi的缸内循环波动率小于2%,缸间循环波动率小于3%;HCCI发动机缸间循环波动主要受进气量的影响,与SI燃烧模式相比,采用稀燃模式的汽油HCCI燃烧缸间循环波动较小,HCCI燃烧的压力升高率和最高燃烧压力的循环波动率较小.     

车用动力环保节能新技术分析

分析和研究近几年来为适应环保和节能需要而发展的车用发动机在汽油直喷燃烧（GDI）技术、柴油机高压共轨电子控制燃油喷射技术、均质充量压缩点火（HCCI）燃烧技术和代用清洁燃料等几方面取得的技术进展和尚未解决的问题。     

基于可变技术的均质充量压缩着火燃烧控制

均质充量压缩着火(HCCI)是目前发动机领域的研究热点之一。通过分析可变技术对HCCI着火燃烧相位控制的原理及其国内外的研究进展,为实现HCCI成功应用及扩大HCCI功率及转速范围探寻切实可行的方案。分析表明,综合利用可变技术是在更大范围内实现HCCI稳定燃烧、扩大HCCI燃烧功率输出的主要发展方向。     

Progress and recent trends in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines

HCCI combustion has been drawing the considerable attention due to high efficiency and lower nitrogen oxide (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. However, there are still tough challenges in the successful operation of HCCI engines, such as controlling the combustion phasing, extending the operating range, and high unburned hydrocarbon and CO emissions. Massive research throughout the world has led to great progress in the control of HCCI combustion. The first thing paid attention to is that a great deal of fundamental theoretical research has been carried out. First, numerical simulation has become a good observation and a powerful tool to investigate HCCI and to develop control strategies for HCCI because of its greater flexibility and lower cost compared with engine experiments. Five types of models applied to HCCI engine modelling are discussed in the present paper. Second, HCCI can be applied to a variety of fuel types. Combustion phasing and operation range can be controlled by the modification of fuel characteristics. Third, it has been realized that advanced control strategies of fuel/air mixture are more important than simple homogeneous charge in the process of the controlling of HCCI combustion processes. The stratification strategy has the potential to extend the HCCI operation range to higher loads, and low temperature combustion (LTC) diluted by exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has the potential to extend the operation range to high loads; even to full loads, for diesel engines. Fourth, optical diagnostics has been applied widely to reveal in-cylinder combustion processes. In addition, the key to diesel-fuelled HCCI combustion control is mixture preparation, while EGR is the main path to achieve gasoline-fuelled HCCI combustion. Specific strategies for diesel-fuelled, gasoline-fuelled and other alternative fuelled HCCI combustion are also discussed in the present paper.     

Active fuel design—A way to manage the right fuel for HCCI engines

Homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines feature high thermal efficiency and ultralow emissions compared to gasoline engines. However, unlike SI engines, HCCI combustion does not have a direct way to trigger the in-cylinder combustion. Therefore, gasoline HCCI combustion is facing challenges in the control of ignition and, combustion, and operational range extension. In this paper, an active fuel design concept was proposed to explore a potential pathway to optimize the HCCI engine combustion and broaden its operational range. The active fuel design concept was realized by real time control of dual-fuel (gasoline and n-heptane) port injection, with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate and intake temperature adjusted. It was found that the cylinderto- cylinder variation in HCCI combustion could be effectively reduced by the optimization in fuel injection proportion, and that the rapid transition process from SI to HCCI could be realized. The active fuel design technology could significantly increase the adaptability of HCCI combustion to increased EGR rate and reduced intake temperature. Active fuel design was shown to broaden the operational HCCI load to 9.3 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP). HCCI operation was used by up to 70% of the SI mode load while reducing fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides emissions. Therefore, the active fuel design technology could manage the right fuel for clean engine combustion, and provide a potential pathway for engine fuel diversification and future engine concept.     

HCCI甲醇发动机燃烧过程三维数值模拟

以AVL-FIRE作为三维瞬态模拟软件,对HCCI甲醇发动机在1500、3000和5000r/min三种工况下燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明:这三种转速下燃烧过程混合气的速度和浓度分布相似;转速越高,火焰前锋的速度越大,燃烧越迅速,而缸内混合气当量比越小。结果还表明:在排气门开启时刻缸内未燃甲醇的量较高,碳烟的排放量很低,小于1×10-9。计算结果可为HCCI甲醇发动机的燃烧和排放性能改善提供一定的理论依据。     

汽油机均质混合气压燃燃烧（HCCI）技术

在汽油机普遍采用电控技术,发动机性能得到较大改善的今天,稀薄燃烧技术为汽油机性能的提高提供了广阔的前景。而HCCI燃烧技术,是一种集常规汽油机和柴油机于一体的新概念燃烧。本文在介绍HCCI燃烧技术的基础上,分析了汽油机实施HCCI的可行性,并介绍了HCCI发动机实用化所面临的问题,提出了废气再循控制HCCI燃烧过程的方案等。     

A new heat release rate (HRR) law for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion mode

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are drawing attracting attention as the next-generation’s internal combustion engine, mainly because of its very low NO_x and soot emissions and also for improvement in engine efficiency. Much research has been carried out in order to go deeper in this combustion process using multizone models or CFD codes. These simulation tools, although they can give a detailed view of the combustion process, are very time consuming and the results depend a lot on the initial conditions. A previous step to be considered in the simulation of the HCCI process is a heat release law evaluated from results of the experiment and a zero-dimensional model. This paper focuses on the development of a new heat release rate (HRR) law that models the HCCI process when the combustion chamber is considered as a homogeneous volume. The parameters of this law have been adjusted through an optimization process that has allowed to fit the combustion chamber pressure. All the engine operative conditions from low to full load have been successfully simulated with this HRR law, with the maximum error in the estimation of combustion chamber pressure less than 2%.     

HCCI汽油机分布式试验测控系统的研究

为了解决HCCI发动机试验研究复杂的试验系统管理、控制和数据分析问题,本文建立了基于 分布式测控方式的HCCI汽油机试验测控系统,主控计算机通过多串口卡,将发动机管理单元、试验测 控单元、温控单元进行有机集成,有效实现了发动机管理、试验控制、燃烧分析、数据自动记录和管理等 功能,为HCCI发动机相关研究提供有效平台。实际应用表明了该系统的可靠性和方便性。     

辛烷值对均质压燃发动机燃烧特性和性能的影响

通过不同比例的正庚烷和异辛烷混合得到不同辛烷值的混合燃料，在一台单缸直喷式柴油机上研究燃料辛烷值对均质压燃发动机燃烧特性、性能和排放特性的影响．研究结果表明，燃料辛烷值增加，着火始点推迟，燃烧反应速率降低，缸内爆发压力降低．燃料辛烷值增高，均质压燃向大负荷工况拓宽，燃料辛烷值较高时，存在极限转速，辛烷值增加，极限转速降低．对于每一工况，存在一个最佳经济性的燃料辛烷值，负荷增大，最佳辛烷值增高；随着燃料辛烷值增高，发动机NO、HC和CO排放增加，尤其是HC排放增加更为明显．对于均质压燃发动机，低负荷工况适合燃用低辛烷值燃料，高负荷工况适合燃用高辛烷值燃料。