高强高韧Mg60Cu16Ni10Nd14块体非晶合金的研究

采用铜模铸造法制备了直径为5mm的Mg60Cu16Ni10Nd14块体非晶合金,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了其组织、相结构和热稳定性。结果表明:合金为完全的非晶结构,且出现了相分离;玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化温度Tx分别为431和488K,过冷液相区△Tx为57K,表明该合金具有较大的玻璃形成能力。压缩试验表明:合金的压缩断裂强度为653MPa,断口出现的大量韧窝是合金塑性变形量达到2.5%的主要原因。     

Ti-Cu-Ni三元大块非晶合金的制备与力学性能

采用铜模喷铸法成功制备出成本较低、直径为2 mm的Ti基Ti50Cu42Ni8大块非晶合金.利用XRD、DSC及SEM等手段研究了Ti50Cu50-xNix(x=5, 8, 11)合金的非晶形成能力、力学性能与变形行为.结果表明:Ti50Cu42Ni8大块非晶合金具有明显且较高的玻璃转变温度Tg(659 K)、晶化初始温度Tx(716 K)、宽的过冷液相区ΔTx=Tx－Tg(57 K)、高的约化玻璃转变温度Trg=Tg/Tm(0.565)和压缩断裂强度(2008 MPa).     

Nd对Mg65Cu22Ni3Y10非晶形成能力及热稳定性的影响

利用楔形铜模铸造法成功制备了Mg65Cu22Ni3Y10-xNdx(x=0、2、4、5、6、8)块体非晶合金,采用XRD、DSC研究了Nd对该合金体系热稳定性和非晶形成能力(GFA)的影响。结果表明,当x=2、4时,Nd的添加可有效提高该合金的GFA和热稳定性;当Nd含量为2%(摩尔分数)时,合金具有最高的过冷液相区(ΔTx=61.5K)及最好的热稳定性;当x=5时,尽管过冷液相区(ΔTx=48.5K)最窄,但此时合金具有最强的非晶形成能力(Trg=Tg/Tl=0.568)和临界厚度(δmax=3.8mm);随着Nd的进一步增加(x>5),合金的玻璃形成能力降低。     

Ni对Mg-Cu-Tb非晶合金形成及力学性能的影响

利用熔体铜模喷铸法制备出直径为3 mm的Mg65Cu25-xNixTb10(x=0,5,10)非晶合金。利用X射线衍射、差热分析、压缩实验分析和扫描电镜分析了添加Ni元素对Mg-Cu-Tb非晶合金形成能力及力学性能的影响。研究表明:随着Ni含量的增加,合金的玻璃转变温度Tg增大;开始结晶温度Tx降低;过冷液相区宽度ΔTx减小,约化玻璃转变温度Trg从0.562降至0.530,非晶形成能力逐渐降低。压缩实验结果表明:当Ni含量增加到5%时可以明显提高Mg-Cu-Tb-Ni非晶合金的断裂强度。     

镁基大块非晶合金在深过冷液相区的塑性变形

研究了Mg65Cu25Y7Nd3大块非晶合金在玻璃转化温度Tg附近及深过冷液相区的等温压缩变形行为。结果表明，Mg65Cu25Y7Nd3大块非晶合金的塑性变形与加热温度和加载时间紧密相关。在423K时该大块非晶合金具有一定的塑性，而在深过冷液相区则具有良好的塑性。通过系列试验，得出了Mg65Cu25Y7Nd3大块非晶合金的最佳加热温度为443～463K，加载时间约10min。对大块非晶合金在变形过程中的结构变化的分析表明，在本试验条件下，压缩变形对Mg65Cu25Y7Nd3大块非晶合金的晶化过程没有明显的影响。     

Nd对Mg基块体金属玻璃的玻璃形成能力的影响

通过熔体铜型浇注方法制备了Mg65Cu25NdxY10-x(x=4,5,7,10)合金,并对它们的玻璃形成能力进行了研究。利用X射线衍射确定合金的结构组成,差示扫描量热计(DSC)分析合金的玻璃转变、晶化和熔化行为。结果表明:在Mg65Cu25NdxY10-x合金中,当x=5时,合金的非晶形成能力最强,玻璃形成的临界厚度大约为4.5mm,同时非晶的过冷液相区ΔTx和约化玻璃转变温度Trg均为最大,分别为54.5K和0.581。当x≥5时,随着Nd含量的增加,金属玻璃的玻璃转变温度Tg降低,过冷液相区ΔTx减小,约化玻璃转变温度Trg也随之相应地变化。     

镁基块体非晶合金制备及其晶化处理

在空气中采用普通铜模浇注法制备了Mg65Cu22Zn3Y5Nd5块体合金试样,利用X射线衍射确定铸态样品的非晶态性质,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分析合金的玻璃转变、晶化和熔化行为。研究表明,能形成完全非晶态试样的最大尺寸为4·5mm,试样的过冷液相区△Tx为51·3K,约化玻璃转变温度Trg为0·59。与无锌合金比较,Mg65Cu22Zn3Y5Nd5金属玻璃的晶化转变行为更为复杂,表现为明显的三级晶化。对Mg65Cu22Zn3Y5Nd5非晶合金进行等温退火处理后,发生了非晶态向晶态的转变,原本单一非晶峰上出现了与晶体相对应的尖锐晶体峰。当采用分步退火处理时,组织更为均匀细小。     

Nd含量对快淬纳米晶和非晶（Mg24Ni10Cu2）100-xNdx（x=0~20）合金电化学性能的影响

采用快淬技术制备Mg2Ni型纳米晶和非晶（Mg24Ni10Cu2）100-xNdx （x=0,5,10,15,20）合金,研究快淬速度对合金相结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,快淬态无 Nd 合金为纳米晶结构,而添加 Nd 元素的快淬态合金为纳米晶和非晶结构,表明添加Nd元素可促进Mg2Ni型合金的非晶形成能力。当快淬速度从0增加至40 m/s时, x=0合金的放电容量从42.5增加至100.6 mA·h/g;x=10合金的放电容量从86.4增加至452.8 mA·h/g。与此同时, x=0合金的循环稳定性（S20）也由40.2%增加到41.1%,而x=10合金的S20值由53.2%增加到89.7%。     

添加Cu-Nd的Mg_2Ni型纳米晶和非晶合金的吸氢动力学性能(英文)

采用快淬方法制备添加Cu及Nd元素的具有纳米晶和非晶结构的(Mg24Ni10Cu2)100-x Nd x(x=0,5,10,15,20)合金。用X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨率投射电镜(HRTEM)分析铸态及快淬态合金的相组成及结构,并研究Nd含量和快淬速率对合金相结构及吸氢性能的影响。结果表明,快淬态无Nd合金为纳米晶结构,而含Nd的快淬态合金则为纳米晶和非晶结构,表明添加Nd促进了合金的非晶形成能力。添加Nd及快淬处理均显著地促进了合金的气态及电化学动力学性能。添加Nd及快淬处理加快了氢原子在合金体内的扩散速率,但是均降低了合金电极表面的电荷传递性能,从而使得合金的高倍率放电性能(HRD)随着Nd含量和快淬速率的增加先上升而后下降。     

添加Cu-Nd的Mg2Ni型纳米晶和非晶合金的吸氢动力学性能（英文）

采用快淬方法制备添加Cu及Nd元素的具有纳米晶和非晶结构的(Mg24Ni10Cu2)100-x Nd x(x=0,5,10,15,20)合金。用X射线衍射(XRD)和高分辨率投射电镜(HRTEM)分析铸态及快淬态合金的相组成及结构,并研究Nd含量和快淬速率对合金相结构及吸氢性能的影响。结果表明,快淬态无Nd合金为纳米晶结构,而含Nd的快淬态合金则为纳米晶和非晶结构,表明添加Nd促进了合金的非晶形成能力。添加Nd及快淬处理均显著地促进了合金的气态及电化学动力学性能。添加Nd及快淬处理加快了氢原子在合金体内的扩散速率,但是均降低了合金电极表面的电荷传递性能,从而使得合金的高倍率放电性能(HRD)随着Nd含量和快淬速率的增加先上升而后下降。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。