油橄榄果汁对小鼠焦虑和抑郁行为的影响

目的:评价油橄榄果汁对小鼠焦虑和抑郁行为的影响。方法:以油橄榄果汁浓缩物作为实验材料。选用雄性KM小鼠随机平均分成阴性、阳性、高、中和低剂量组,连续7d灌胃给药,观测对小鼠高架十字迷宫行为实验、小鼠开场行为实验和强迫游泳实验的影响。结果:果汁浓缩物在10.0g/kg剂量的亚急性条件下有稳定而显著的抗焦虑效果(p<0.05),在5.0g/kg剂量下,对小鼠的焦虑行为也有显著干预(p<0.05)。果汁能够降低小鼠在强迫游泳环境下的不动行为,但这种抗抑郁效应水平还不显著(p>0.05)。结论:在亚急性给药条件下,油橄榄果汁能够诱导小鼠的抗焦虑行为,同时也有潜力可以改善小鼠的抑郁状态。      

用油橄榄的果汁废液制酒的研究

本研究试验利用油橄榄加工的副产物—果汁水,结合糯米黄酒的生产工艺,经过勾兑、调味处理,加工成半发酵橄榄酒。产品色、香、味具佳,保持了橄榄的特殊风味,为油橄榄加工副产物找到了一条有效利用途径。     

油橄榄果渣对面条品质的影响

本文中分析了油橄榄果渣粉的主要化学成分含量,研究了其对面条的蒸煮、质构、拉伸、剪切和感官特性的影响。结果显示,油橄榄果渣粉含粗纤维43.29%、粗脂肪12.71%、粗蛋白4.54%、钾0.72%、总黄酮1.67%、总酚1.13%和其它成分。不同添加量的油橄榄果渣会对面条品质产生不同程度的影响。当油橄榄果渣粉添加量为5%时,与空白对照相比,面条的最佳烹调时间、吸水率、硬度、弹性、胶粘性、回复性、剪切特性和感官评分变化不明显,但其烹调损失率、咀嚼性、内聚性和拉伸特性出现了明显下降;当油橄榄果渣粉添加量达到20%时,面条的最佳烹调时间较空白对照缩短了1.25min,烹调损失率增加了17.60%,吸水率、硬度、弹性、胶粘性、内聚性、回复性和咀嚼性分别下降了23.45%、5.74%、8.77%、22.79%、24.64%、28.21%和41.46%,最大拉断力、拉断距离、剪切力和感官评分分别减少了26.51%、38.65%、22.57%和31.87%。适量添加(≤10%)油橄榄果渣粉对面条的品质影响在可接受范围内,但其过量添加则可显著降低面条的品质。     

太极拳运动对老年妇女抑郁焦虑情绪的影响

经过4周规律的运动后,研究对象的抑郁和焦虑情绪均有显著缓解,8周后改善更为明显。长期中等强度的太极拳运动可有效改善老年妇女的抑郁和焦虑情绪;在老年妇女焦虑情绪改善方面,更易产生心理裨益。     

油橄榄果渣对面粉及面团理化特性的影响

将油橄榄果渣粉以不同比例与小麦粉混匀,得到4种混合粉,研究该4种混合粉的化学组成、糊化特性及其面团流变和质构特性。结果表明,随着油橄榄果渣粉添加量的增加,混合粉的糊化温度逐渐升高,峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度和衰减值显著降低,面团的形成与稳定时间缩短,吸水率、评价值、最大抗延伸阻力、延伸度、拉伸能量、弹性和内聚性减小,其弱化度、硬度、黏附性、胶黏性和回复性增大。当混合粉中油橄榄果渣粉添加量不超过10%时,其具有较好的糊化特性和面团特性,可用于制作面条和面包等食品。     

当归挥发油对小鼠抑郁行为的影响

通过建立慢性轻度不可知应激刺激（CUMS）诱导的小鼠抑郁模型,研究当归挥发油对抑郁行为的影响及机制。小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、低、中、高剂量当归挥发油组（15、30、60 mg/kg）及盐酸氟西汀组（2.1 mg/kg）。干预4周后发现,与模型组比较,当归挥发油各剂量组小鼠中央穿越次数、中央区活动时间及糖水偏好度升高（P<0.01）,悬尾不动时间下降（P<0.05,P<0.01）,海马CA1区病理变化减轻,血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量降低（P<0.01）,而IL-10含量增加（P<0.01）;除低剂量当归挥发油组小鼠脑组织多巴胺（DA）含量及神经营养蛋白-3(NT-3)表达无明显变化外（P>0.05）,剩余各组小鼠DA、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、5-羟色胺（5-HT）含量及神经生长因子（NGF）、NT-3、脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）表达均升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）。上述结果表明,当归挥发油具有改善CUMS诱导的小鼠抑郁行为作用,该作用与抑制神经炎症、上调单胺类神经递质含量及促进...     

体育活动对大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪的影响分析

篮球、太极剑、健美操等锻炼活动对大学生抑郁水平和焦虑水平有重要的影响,实验结果显示:实验组被试抑郁水平、焦虑水平都有显著变化,对照组无显著变化;不同的体育活动类型对大学生改善抑郁水平、焦虑水平的效果存在差异。     

茶对焦虑与抑郁的缓解作用研究进展

随着社会发展,人们所面临的精神压力不断增大,由此导致的焦虑和抑郁的人数也不断增多。茶叶的保健功效一直是相关领域研究的热点。该文对近年来国内外关于茶和茶的主要功能成分（儿茶素、茶氨酸、茶黄素、苦茶碱）对焦虑和抑郁的缓解作用研究成果进行系统综述,旨在为茶在缓解现代人精神健康方面功能的研究和应用提供参考。     

微波辅助提取油橄榄果渣多酚

利用微波辅助技术对油橄榄加工果渣中多酚的提取工艺进行了研究,考察了提取方式、溶剂种类和浓度、料液比、微波提取功率、处理时间等因素对油橄榄果渣多酚提取含量的影响。结果表明:微波辅助提取油橄榄果渣多酚的提取量比常规溶剂提取方法提高18%～38%,适宜提取溶剂为乙醇。正交实验确定的优化工艺为:料液比1∶20(g∶mL)、微波功率300 W、处理时间3 min、乙醇体积分数60%,在此优化条件下,油橄榄果渣多酚含量可达1.02%。     

富含玉米黄质色素橄榄油对高血脂小鼠的影响

旨在为开发富含玉米黄质色素橄榄油(ZT)保健产品提供参考,用脂肪乳剂灌胃构建高血脂小鼠模型,同时设生理盐水对照(CK)组,将建模成功的小鼠随机分为高血脂模型组(Model),ZT高、中、低剂量处理组和菲勒贝特药物对照(PL)组,连续灌胃给药28 d,研究ZT(玉米黄质色素含量400 mg/100 g)对高血脂小鼠空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、总胆红素(TBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)等指标的影响,并对ZT小鼠开展急、慢性毒理研究。结果表明：ZT能有效降低高血脂小鼠的FBG、HbAlc、TC、TG、LDL、TBIL、TBA含量,升高HDL含量,对ALT、AST、GGT和ALP活性具有很好的抑制作用,能够显著改善血糖、血脂代谢紊乱,降低小鼠体质量,对正常小鼠无急、慢性毒理作用,可提高小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性。综上...     

抑制剂控制橄榄汁酶促褐变的研究

研究抑制剂PVPP、抗坏血酸、L-半胱氨酸对橄榄汁护色效果的影响,结果表明:在特定的环境条件下,一定浓度的PVPP、异抗坏血酸钠、L-半胱氨酸对橄榄多酚氧化酶酶促褐变均有较好的抑制效果,其中PVPP抑制效果最为明显,最佳条件是:PVPP浓度40mg/L,温度30℃,时间80min,pH为6。     

红枣浓缩汁缓解小鼠体力疲劳及调节免疫功能的研究

目的:研究红枣浓缩汁缓解小鼠体力疲劳及调节免疫功能的作用。方法:实验设溶剂对照组(蒸馏水)和2.5、5.0、10.0 m L/kg·bw三个红枣浓缩汁组。选择运动耐力实验以及肝糖原、肌糖原、血乳酸、血清和肝脏尿素氮、肌肉总蛋白等相关生化指标,评价红枣浓缩汁对小鼠体力疲劳的影响;选择脾脏抗体生成细胞数、半数溶血值、迟发型变态反应实验、脾淋巴细胞转化实验和碳粒廓清实验等免疫学指标,分别从体液免疫、细胞免疫和非特异性免疫功能探讨红枣浓缩汁对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果:与溶剂对照组相比,低剂量组运动耐量显著增加(p<0.05),血乳酸及尿素氮含量极显著降低(p<0.01),中剂量组肝糖原和肌糖原含量极显著提高(p<0.01),高剂量组肌肉的蛋白质含量显著提高(p<0.05)。免疫学研究表明,中剂量组红枣浓缩汁能显著提高小鼠吞噬指数和抗体生成细胞数(p<0.01),以及抗体积数(p<0.05),高剂量组红枣浓缩汁可显著提高小鼠的足趾厚度、抗体积数(p<0.01),以及吞噬指数和抗体生成细胞数(p<0.05)。结论:红枣浓缩汁具有缓解小鼠体力疲劳及增强免疫功能的作用。      

Influence of crude olive leaf juice on rat liver and kidney functions

Crude juice of olive leaves (Kronakii cultivar) was obtained by hydraulic press. The level of polyphenlic compounds in the juice was 215 ppm. An aliquots of the concentrated olive leaf juice, represent 600, 1200 and 2400 ppm as polyphenols and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT; 200 ppm) were administered to rats daily for 6 weeks by stomach tube. The liver (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities) and kidney (bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine and urea) function tests and serum contents (total lipids, total cholesterol and low and high‐density lipoproteins) were measured to assess the safety limits of the polyphenolic compounds in the olive leaf juice. The data of the aforementioned measurements indicated that the administration of olive leaf juice did not cause any changes in liver and kidney functions. On the contrary, BHT at 200 ppm induced significant increases in the enzyme activities and the serum levels of total lipids, uric acid, urea and creatinine. Microscopical examinations of kidney and liver tissues of rats administered with the phenolic compounds of olive leaf juice had the histological character as that of control rats whilst, the administration of BHT at 200 ppm altered the features of rat liver tissues and severely damaged the rat kidney tissues.     

啤酒中醛类与酯类对小鼠行为学的影响研究

研究了啤酒中的醛类与酯类对小鼠行为学影响,并比较两者的差别。以灌胃生理盐水对照组、灌胃酯类溶液组和灌胃醛类溶液组为实验组,采用翻正实验方法、滚筒实验方法观察小鼠行为学的变化。灌胃同样剂量醛类和酯类物质,醛类对小鼠行为学影响明显比酯类物质显著;在该剂量下,灌胃醛类物质时即出现翻正现象,而灌胃酯类物质小鼠行为的变化并不明显,仅仅表现为微弱的兴奋。     

Effect of shrinkage on isothermal drying behavior of 2-phase olive mill waste

The objective of this study was to determine the drying behavior of 2-phase olive mill waste (2POMW) under isothermal microwave-convection drying conditions. 2POMW samples were dried in a thin layer in a variable-power pilot microwave oven with impinging air, using a feedback controller to maintain sample temperature at one of four levels. Moisture loss and shrinkage of the samples were recorded during drying. The apparent diffusion coefficient of water was determined for the first falling rate period both with and without shrinkage. Apparent diffusivity was 28% lower when shrinkage was considered. Thus, shrinkage plays an important role in the drying behavior of this agricultural residue.     

Effect of olive collection regime on olive oil quality

The titratable acidity and the peroxide value of olive oil extracted from olives harvested by shaking the trees over subtented nets increase rapidly as the residence of the fruit on the nets is prolonged. It is recommended that the extraction of the oil from the fruits is not delayed for longer than 2 to 3 weeks.     

Effect of fractal flocculation behavior on fouling layer resistance during apple juice microfiltration

The colloidal material in juice obtained from Red Delicious apples held in cold storage for over 6 months was observed to spontaneously aggregate to form ordered flocculation patterns. These flocculation patterns could be altered by heat treatment and by gelatin or antioxidant addition. The specific resistance of the fouling layer produced by each juice during microfiltration could be qualitatively predicted by examining the structure of macroscopic flocculation patterns. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) photos of the various hydrated fouling layers indicated that loose flocs appeared to compress and rearrange on the membrane surface, producing smooth, low porosity secondary membranes. Densely packed cross-linked aggregate networks also formed low porosity structures, once again creating a fouling layer with high resistance. The lowest resistance fouling layers were produced when the flocs were dense enough to resist compression but porous enough to provide pathways for permeate flow. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and ESEM images indicated that, in many cases, the spacial distribution of solids in the microscopic aggregates were reminiscent of those in the macroscopic flocs. Such scaling relationships are typical of fractal systems.     

Effect of crushing on olive paste and virgin olive oil minor components

The present study focuses on the influence of the olive crushing technique on the minor composition of olive pastes and their corresponding virgin olive oils since these compounds are strongly related to their quality and characteristics. Two different cultivars, Arbequina and Cornicabra—known for their different minor component composition—were processed at laboratory scale using hammer mills at various breakage forces and grid hole diameters, a blade cutter and a mortar. Crushing and kneading produce a profound change in the composition of the phenolic compounds in the olive paste and in the final oil. Hydroxytyrosol derivatives in virgin olive oil were most affected by the crushing conditions. The stronger the crushing conditions (i.e. hammer crushers using smaller grid holes and a higher rotation speed), the higher the phenolic content in both olive paste and oil in both varieties. Interestingly, the effect on volatile compounds of milder or stronger crushing conditions was opposite to that described for the phenolic compounds.     

酶法生产橄榄混浊汁

确定了酶法生产橄榄混浊汁的最佳工艺条件，研究了果胶酶对橄榄果汁的产量和提取率的影响。当果胶酶的含量大于0．01％时，果汁的提取率提高但产量下降，果汁颜色不理想；温度30“C时。产率最高；酶解时间1h，产率和提取效率都最好。由于橄榄中含有大量的果胶，果胶酶的加入，使果汁的产率提高了20％～30％，提取率提高了5％～7％，改善了果汁的颜色。