融合高斯混合模型和小波变换的运动目标检测

当前景目标与背景在颜色上接近时,仅采用高斯混合模型进行目标检测容易导致误判。为了提高模型分割算法的鲁棒性,提出一种融合高斯混合模型和小波变换的运动目标检测算法。通过小波变换提取图像的纹理特征信息,利用高斯混合模型拟合背景信息。将两者融合起来,把纹理信息作为颜色信息的补偿,保证了模型在线更新背景信息时模型的稳定性和收敛性,同时弥补了目标分割中前景与背景颜色信息接近时容易导致误判的不足。实验结果表明,本文方法比经典高斯混合模型方法具有较高的分割精度。     

基于LBP纹理特征和Canny算子的视频分割方法研究

针对目标区域和背景区域交界处颜色相似度较高的图像分割问题,提出基于LBP(Local Binary Patterns)纹理特征和Canny算子的视频分割算法。构造能量函数的数据项颜色模型和光滑项对比度模型;根据当前block直方图与LBP背景模型直方图的相似度调整全局颜色模型和局部颜色模型的比例来改进颜色分量;通过Canny边缘检测方法对改进后颜色模型生成的图像进行检测,将得到的边缘检测结果应用到对比度分量模型中来增加前景和背景对比度;使用Graph Cut算法对能量函数进行求解,得到最终分割结果。实验结果表明,当背景光照发生变化且前景和背景交界处颜色相似时,该算法具有明显优势。     

基于全局运动补偿的多运动目标检测方法研究

提出了一种动态背景下的对多个运动目标检测的完整方法.利用基于宏块匹配的六参数全局运动估计方法进行全局运动补偿,有效地消除了摄像机在非稳定运动情况下对目标检测性能带来的不利影响.同时在宏块匹配前进行了预处理,通过预判提取纹理信息丰富的宏块,并在宏块匹配的过程中采用九点十字搜索算法取代传统的三步搜索算法,减少了匹配数据量....     

卫星视频中的单目标分割和跟踪

对于卫星视频图像中存在的目标与背景对比性低、缺乏目标特征信息等问题,提出一种结合目标运动信息、时空背景和外观模型的目标分割和跟踪方法.根据首帧定位得到目标区域,首先对目标使用方向梯度直方图方法提取特征利用核相关滤波器得到目标跟踪区域1;接着利用颜色空间特征建立目标与其周围区域上下文信息的空间模型得到目标跟踪区域2;然后利用视觉背景提取算法以像素为单位在目标区域上检测运动目标得到单目标的分割区域3;最后分别对3个区域进行相关计算得到最优区域作为最终目标跟踪位置和模板更新样本.实验结果表明,本文算法与KCF算法相比,跟踪的成功率和准确率有很大的提高,同时实现了单目标分割.     

基于颜色和纹理特征背景模型的多层差分运动目标检测算法

提出了一种可以剔除阴影、光照变化影响的运动目标检测算法.该算法分别建立基于颜色和梯度信息的背景差分模型,即为每一个像素建立了基于LBP的纹理特征模型,对于颜色信息采用了一种对颜色测量光度不变性的表示方法,背景模型的更新类似于Stauffer等提出的高斯模型,仅在权值更新中采用了具有滞后作用的策略的更新方法.在前景检测过程中采用了两层的判断过程,在像素层,通过用纹理和颜色的统计模型将每个像素划分为成前景或背景,在第二层,对于颜色特征差分得到前景区域的边界部分统计得到其LBP纹理信息,然后与纹理模型检测得到的同一区域边界的纹理信息进一步比较,剔除由于阴影、光照变化引起的前景误判.     

基于区域提取与改进LBP特征的运动目标检测

树叶晃动、光照变化等自然场景下的动态背景会影响运动目标检测的准确性,区分动态背景和前景目标的变化是复杂场景下运动目标检测的首要任务.针对现有的前景提取算法逐点提取前景从而导致计算资源浪费的问题,提出了一种区域提取与改进LBP(Local Binary Patterns)纹理特征相结合的运动目标检测算法.首先,将图像分为大小相等的图像块,利用各图像块的统计特性建立核密度估计(Kernel Density Estimation,KDE)模型,并用KDE模型估计出前景区域.然后,计算前景块中所有像素点的改进LBP纹理特征直方图.最后,通过直方图匹配提取所有的前景像素实现目标的精确提取,并用概率模型更新背景.实验结果表明,该方法在快速提取运动目标前景区域的同时能够消除大部分动态背景产生的干扰,相比传统算法更适用于自然场景下的运动目标检测.     

基于运动显著性的移动镜头下的运动目标检测

针对移动镜头下的运动目标检测中的背景建模复杂、计算量大等问题,提出一种基于运动显著性的移动镜头下的运动目标检测方法,在避免复杂的背景建模的同时实现准确的运动目标检测。该方法通过模拟人类视觉系统的注意机制,分析相机平动时场景中背景和前景的运动特点,计算视频场景的显著性,实现动态场景中运动目标检测。首先,采用光流法提取目标的运动特征,用二维高斯卷积方法抑制背景的运动纹理;然后采用直方图统计衡量运动特征的全局显著性,根据得到的运动显著图提取前景与背景的颜色信息;最后,结合贝叶斯方法对运动显著图进行处理,得到显著运动目标。通用数据库视频上的实验结果表明,所提方法能够在抑制背景运动噪声的同时,突出并准确地检测出场景中的运动目标。     

一种基于纹理和颜色的目标跟踪方法

研究视频物体识别系统,传统连续自适应均值偏移(Camshift)跟踪方法根据H分量建立被跟踪目标的颜色模型,而H分量易受亮度(V分量)的影响,造成不能准确跟踪运动目标.为解决上述问题,引入运动目标的纹理特征,先提取HSV颜色空间的H分量,把它转化为局部二元纹理(LBP)图,计算目标的LBP纹理直方图并把反向投影到LBP纹理图上,得到LBP纹理概率图,然后采用Camshift算法确定当前图像中目标的尺寸和中心位置.对手势和人脸跟踪进行仿真计算,实验结果表明,在跟踪过程中可以对目标进行稳定的实时跟踪,通过计算,也改善了传统方法,使识别人脸不受光照的影响,验证了改进方法的有效性.     

桥区运动船舶的检测和跟踪

基于桥区的场景特点,提出一种基于自适应纹理特征的运动船舶目标检测跟踪算法。算法采用基于改进的局部二值模式（LBP）纹理特征取代亮度特征,在此基础上建立可实时更新的LBP背景,以背景模型方法提取船舶运动目标前景,并以简单的近邻方法实现对其跟踪。实验表明该方法通过目标检测与跟踪可实现对船舶运动的监控,算法准确性好,精度高,可为桥梁安全保护提供有效的技术支撑。     

结合W4算法和LBP模型的运动目标检测方法

针对传统W4背景模型算法无法消除运动目标阴影的问题,提出了一种有效消除阴影的运动目标检测算法。首先,给定背景初始帧,用传统W4算法计算出每一个像素点的最小灰度值、最大灰度值以及最大相邻帧间差分值;其次,对每个像素点提取的最大灰度值和最小灰度值进行线性加权;之后结合能抵抗阴影影响的改进的LBP纹理特征,采用类似混合高斯背景模型原理的思想提取多个运动目标检测背景模型。精简提取得到的LBP纹理的种类,减少计算量,以达到实时性的要求。实验结果表明,该算法与同类算法相比更有效地去除阴影对运动目标检测的影响,也满足实时性的要求。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.