Preparation of (NH4)Zr2(PO4)3 and HZr2(PO4)3

(NH₄)Zr₂(PO₄)₃ has been prepared, hydrothermally, from α-zirconium phosphate in three different ways; (1) from amine intercalates at 300°C, (2) from mixtures of ZrOCl₂·8H₂O in excess (NH₄)H₂PO₄ and (3) reaction of NH₄Cl with Zr(NaPO₄)₂. Ammonium dizirconium triphosphate is rhombohedral with a = 8.676(1) and $\text{c}\text{= 24.288(5)}\text{A}\text{?}$. It decomposed on heating to HZr₂(PO₄)₃. Below 600°C a complex, as yet unindexed, X-ray pattern was obtained. A very similar X-ray pattern was obtained by washing LiTi_0.1Zr_1.9(PO₄)₃ with 0.3N HCl. Heating this phase or NH₄Zr₂(PO₄)₃, above 600°C resulted in the appearance of a rhombohedral phase of HZr₂(PO₄)₃ with cell dimensions a = 8.803(5) and $\text{c}\text{= 23.23(1)}\text{A}\text{?}$. The protons were not completely removed until about 1150°C. Decomposition of (NH₄)Zr₂(PO₄)₃ at 450°C yielded an acidic gas whereas at 700°C NH₃ was evolved. A possible explanation for this behavior is presented.     

On the proton conductor (H3O)Zr2(PO4)3

The compound HZr₂(PO₄)₃ was converted to (H₃O)Zr₂(PO₄)₃ by refluxing in water for 12 or more hours. The water is lost above 150°C to regenerate the original triphosphate. The hydronium ion phase is rhombohedral with hexagonal axes of a = 8.760(1) and $\text{c}\text{= 23.774(4)}\text{A}\text{?}$. Proton conduction in these compounds was investigated by an ac impedance method over the frequency range 5Hz – 10MHz. The activation energy for (H₃O)Zr₂(PO₄)₃ in the temperature range of 25 to 150°C was 0.56eV while the corresponding value for HZr₂(PO₄)₃ (125 – 300°C) was 0.44eV.     

The crystal structure of a new high -Nd- concentration laser material: Na3Nd(PO4)2

The crystal structure of Na₃Nd(PO₄)₂ has been determined from three-dimensional Mo-Kα diffractometer data. The space group is Pbc2₁, the lattice constants are: $\text{a}\text{= 15.874(8)}\text{A}\text{?}$$\text{b}\text{= 13.952(8)}\text{A}\text{?}$$\text{c}\text{= 18.470(9)}\text{A}\text{?}$ and there are 24 formula units per unit cell, giving a Nd concentration of 5.8 10²¹cm^?3. The final R-factor with 2329 independent reflections is 0.060. The structure of Na₃Nd(PO₄)₂, very closely related to that of Na₃La(VO₄)₂, is made up of isolated PO₄ tetrahedra and of sodium and neodymium atoms arranged in an ordered way. The tripling of the a parameter results only from the distortion of the PO₄ tetrahedra. The NdO_y polyhedra are isolated from one another and the shortest Nd-Nd distance is 4.65 Å.     

Crystal data for two new phosphate-tellurates : Te(OH)6·2TlH2PO4·Tl2HPO4 and Te(OH)6·2TlH2PO4. Crystal structure of Te(OH)6·2TlH2PO4

We describe chemical preparations and give crystal data for two new phosphate-tellurates : Te(OH)₆·2TlH₂PO₄·Tl₂HPO₄ and Te(OH)₆·2TlH₂PO₄. Both are monoclinic with the following unit cell dimensions : a = 13.68(1), b = 6.317(5), $\text{c}\text{= 11.36(1)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 110.18(1)°, Z = 2, D_x = 4.82, S.G. = Cm for the first one, a = 6.285(5), b = 14.74(1), $\text{c}\text{= 7.844(5)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 113.38(1)°, Z = 2, D_x = 4.14, S.G. = P2₁/n for the second one. Crystal structure of the second salt shows, as in the already described phosphate-tellurates, the coexistence of independent TeO₆ octahedra and PO₄ tetrahedra in the atomic arrangement.     

The sodium ytterbium orthophosphate Na3(1+x)Yb(2-x)(PO4)3

A new sodium ytterbium orthophosphate with general formula Na_3(1+x)Yb_(2-x)(PO₄)₃ (0.07 ? x ? 0.50) has been prepared and characterized. Its crystal structure has been determined from a single crystal for x = 0.50. The space group is R3?c, the lattice constants are : $\text{a}\text{= 9.12(1)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c}\text{= 21.81(6)}\text{A}\text{?}$. The structure of Na_4.50Yb_1.50(PO₄)₃ is related to that of NaZr₂(PO₄)₃. The PO₄ tetrahedra and the (Yb,Na)O₆ octahedra form a three-dimensional skeleton in which the remaining sodium atoms are inserted. This structural type is also found for the phases Na_4.50Ln_1.50(PO₄)₃ (Ln = Tm, Lu) and Na_4.50Ln_1.50(AsO₄)₃ (Ln = Er, Tm, Yb, Lu).     

Temperature dependence of critical stress and phase diagram of ferroelastic Pb3 (PO4)2 Pb3 (VO4)2

The temperature dependence of the critical stress in ferroelastic Pb₃ (PO₄)₂ reveals a Curie-Weiß law ($\text{ß =}\text{1}\text{2}$) up to 145°C. Between 160°C and the transition point at 180°C a crossover to a $\text{ß =}\text{1}\text{3}$ regime was found. For mixed crystals Pb₃ (PO₄)₂ ? Pb₃ (VO₄)₂ a phase diagram is suggested from optical, dielectric and Raman spectroscopical experiments.     

Crystal structures of two cesium phosphate-tellurates : Te(OH)6.Cs2HPO4 and Te(OH)6.Cs2HPO4.2CsH2PO4

Te(OH)₆.Cs₂HPO₄ and Te(OH)₆.Cs₂HPO₄.2CsH₂PO₄ are monoclinic, the first one with a = 8.204(5), b = 18.416(9), $\text{c}\text{= 6.995(5)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 89.89(5)°, Z = 4, space group P2₁/n, the second one with a = 9.591(6), b = 13.163(9), $\text{c}\text{= 8.367(5)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 106.27(5)°, Z = 2, space group P2₁/m. As already observed in previously described phosphate-tellurates the main feature of these atomic arrangements is the coexistence of two independent and different types of anions (PO₄ and TeO₆ groups) in the unit cell.     

Preparation of sodium zirconium phosphates of the type Na1+4xZr2−x (PO4)3

Sodium zirconium phosphates of the type Na_1+4x Zr_2?x (PO₄)₃ were prepared from mixtures of Na₃PO₄-ZrO₂-ZrP₂O₇ in sealed platinum tubes at temperatures of 900 – 1200°C. Stoichiometric NaZr₂ (PO₄)₃ (x = 0) was found not to exist. Instead, a solid solution in the range x = 0.02 ? 0.06 was found, with a slight difference in unit cell dimensions obtained. A second solid solution region was found with x = 0.88 – 0.93. At still higher values of x, a stoichiometric phase with hexagonal unit cell dimensions of $\text{a}\text{= 9.152(1)}\text{A}\text{?}$ and $\text{c}\text{= 21.844(1)}\text{A}\text{?}$ was obtained. Finally a phase of composition Na₇Zr_0.5 (PO₄)₃ was synthesized at the highest values of x. Attempts to prepare Na_5+x ZrSi_x-P_3?xO₁₂ always yielded NASICON and Na₇Zr_0.5 (PO₄)₃.     

Diagramme d'equilibre solide-liquide du systeme Ce(PO3)3 — AgPO3

The Ce(PO₃)₃ — AgPO₃ system was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction. Its phase equilibrium diagram was established by recording heating curves on a M5 Setaram μ-DTA aparatus. This diagram shows that the Ce (PO₃)₃—AgPO₃ system forms only one compound, AgCe(PO₃)₄, which melts in a peritectic reaction at 788°C. The chemical preparation, powder diagram and main crystallogrophic characteristics of this compound are given. AgCe(PO₃)₄, a polyphosphate isotypic with NaNd(PO₃)₄, has a monoclinic unit cell with a space group $\text{P2}{}_1\text{n}$ and parameters a = 9.717(4), b = 12.959(5), c = 7.242(2) Å, β = 91.07(2)°, Z = 4, V = 911.79 ų, d_x = 4.11. The different structure types of binary poly and metaphosphates, M₂O.Ln₂O₃.4P₂O₅, are regrouped and a correlation between each crystalline form and the corresponding M³ and Ln³⁺ cation size is dicussed.     

Crystal structure of K4[H2J2O10].8H20

Crystals of K₄ [H₂J₂O₁₀] 8H₂O belong to the triclinic system, space group P 1 with a = 7.161 (2) $\text{A}\text{?}\text{, b}\text{= 10,553}$ (5) $\text{A}\text{?}\text{, c}\text{= 7,081}$ (2) $\text{A}\text{?}\text{, α = 98°1′}$, β = 117°8′, γ = 90°6′ and Z = 1. The crystal structure has been determined on the basis of photographic data from 877 independent reflections, with the final R value of 6,6%. The iodine atoms are surrounded by a distorted octahedra consisting of five oxygen atoms and one OH group. The average J-O distance is 2.03 Å. There are 2 independent K atoms in the structure. K(1) has a coordination number of eight, while K(2) is surrounded by 6 (5 water molecules + one OH group) nearest neighbours.     

New tetrahedrally coordinated A2CdBr4 compounds (A = Cs,CH3NH3)

(CH₃NH₃)₂CdBr₄ and Cs₂CdBr₄ are two compounds with a tetrahedral CdBr₄-coordination. Their room temperature structures are determined. (CH₃NH₃)₂CdBr₄: monoclinic, $\text{P}\text{2}{}_1\text{c}$, $\text{a}\text{= 8.1227(13)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{b}\text{= 13.4355(16)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c}\text{= 11.4194(13)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 96.194(11) °, z = 4. Cs₂CdBr₄: orthorhombic, Pnma, $\text{a}\text{= 10.235(5)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{b}\text{= 7.946(3)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c}\text{= 13.977(5)}\text{A}\text{?}$, z = 4.     

The incommensurate solid solution phase Na5−4x Zr1+x(PO4)3:0.04 <x <0.15

The orthophosphate solid solution phase, Na_5?4x Zr_1+x(PO₄)₃:0.04 ? x ? 0.15 has trigonal symmetry with an apparent one dimensional incommensurate superstructure parallel to c_HEX. Using selected area electron diffraction patterns as a guide, an indexing scheme for the powder X-ray data has been devised. The parameter $\text{k = c}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>supercell</mtext>}}\text{c}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>subcell</mtext>}}$ varies smoothly with composition from ～ 10.4 at x = 0.04 to ～4.4 at x = 0.11 and is believed to originate in ordering of the extra interstitial Zr⁴⁺ ions. The Na⁺ ion conductivity increases gradually with x and for x = 0.108 varies from ～5×10^?8 ohm^?1 cm^?1 at 25°C to ～1×10^?3 ohm^?1 cm^?1 at 300°C.     

Crystal structure of KSb2PO8

KSb₂PO₈ crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group Co, with $\text{a}\text{= 12.306(4)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{b}\text{= 7.086(2)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c}\text{= 15.037(5)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 95.82(3)°, Z = 8. The structure was determined from 2149 reflexions collected on a NONIUS CAD4 automatic diffractometer with MoK$\text{}\text{?}$ga radiation. The final R index and weighted R_w index are 0.019 and 0.025 respectively. The structure is built up from SbO₆ octahedra sharing corners or edges and PO₄ tetrahedra sharing corners with octahedra to form a three-dimensional network. The potassium atoms are situated in the interconnected channellike cavities.     

Crystal structure of KHSO4 · KH2PO4

KHSO₄ · KH₂PO₄ is monoclinic $\text{P}\text{2}{}_1\text{n}$ with Z = 2 and the following unit cell dimensions: a = 7.434(3); b = 7.341(3); $\text{c}\text{= 7.148(3)}\text{A}\text{?}$; β = 99.56(5)°.Crystal structure of this salt has been solved, using 1699 independent reflexions with a final R value: 0.034. PO₄ and SO₄ tetrahedra are randomly distributed in the arrangement with a resulting (P.S)-O mean distance of 1.508(3) Å.     

The crystal structure of Pb8Bi2(PO4)6O2

Single crystals of Pb₈Bi₂(PO₄)₆O₂ were grown by the Czochralski technique, and the structure of this compound was determined. It was found to crystallize in Pnma orthorhombic symmetry with a = 13.313, b = 10.284 and $\text{c}\text{= 9.219}\text{A}\text{?}$. The structure was refined to an R value of 7%. Powder diffraction data are also reported.     

The many phases of HUP, (UO2)[HPO4] · 4H2O. An electron-optical investigation

The prompt recrystallization of the tetragonal phyllophosphate HUP, (UO₂)[HPO₄] · 4H₂O, when rinsed with distilled water at ambient temperature, has been studied by TEM, SEM and SAD. In course of the rinsing process, to remove excess phosphorous acid, HUP underwent an orthorhombic phase change, which produced two orthorhombic phases O₁ and O₂. O₁ has $\text{a = 7.6(3)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c = 7.0(4)}\text{A}\text{?}$, and 001 absent for l odd. O₂ has $\text{a = 7.3(2)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c = 6.8(2)}\text{A}\text{?}$ and no systematic absent reflections. O₁ and O₂ are metastable and by spinodal decomposition modulate into monoclinic phases through a string of intermediate and disordered phases with the β-angle increasing from 90.0° (orthorhombic phases) to 91.3(3)°, 95(2)° and 97.7(2)° for M_2.2, M_2.1, and M_1.1 respectively, where M_1.1 is the monoclinic derivative ($\text{a = 6.9(4)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c = 6.4(4)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 97.7(3)°) of O₁ and M_2.1 ($\text{a = 7.3(4)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c = 12.1(3)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 95(2)°) together with M_2.2 ($\text{a = 14.22(4)}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c = 13.08(4)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 91.3(3)°) are the derivatives of O₂. The crystallographic b axis could not be determined. All the abovementioned phases exhibit a striking epitaxial relationship which presumably gives the clue to the fact that these phase findings are at variance with X-ray findings given in literature. It is suggested that the phases are isomeric polymorphs of HUP.     

Systeme Ga2S3PbS diagramme de phase,etude cristallographique

Four intermediate phases are present ; PbGa₂S₄,orthorombic EuGa₂S₄-type (a = 20,44 ; b = 20,64 ; $\text{c}\text{= 12,09}\text{A}\text{?}$) ; Pb₂Ga₂S₅, orthorombic space group Pbca (a = 12,38 ; b = 11,90 ; $\text{c}\text{= 11,03}\text{A}\text{?}$) ; and two Ga₂S₃-rich solid solutions, one of the wurtzite type at temperatures above 1000°C, one of the distorded blende type below about 970°C. PbGa₂S₄ has a peritectic decomposition at 930°C, and Pb₂Ga₂S₅ at 900 ± 5°C. The eutectic is at 730°C for about n = 0,80 ($\text{n}\text{=}\text{Pb}\text{Pb+Ga}$ atomic). A glassy region is obtained by quenching the liquid phase and its extent depends on the quenching temperature (at 1000°C, between n = 0,25 and n = 0,50).     

Structure de PbU2Se5

PbU₂Se₅ crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell $\text{a}\text{= 8,605}\text{A}\text{?}$; $\text{b}\text{= 7,788}\text{A}\text{?}$; $\text{c}\text{= 12,27}\text{A}\text{?}$; β = 90° of space group $\text{P}\text{2}{}_1\text{c}$, Z = 4. The crystal structure has been determined for 1251 independant reflections and refined to a final R value of 0,068. Two kinds of uranium sites are found; the average U-Se distances are 2,97 Å for eight-coordination and 2,88 Å in seven-coordination. The average Pb-Se distance for eight-coordination is 3,20 Å. This structure explains the solid solution between PbU₂Se₅ and U₃Se₅.     

Hydrogen bonding in NH4HSO4. NH4H2PO4

NH₄HSO₄·NH₄H₂PO₄ is monoclinic $\text{P}\text{2}{}_1\text{n}$ with Z = 2 and the following unit cell dimensions : a = 7.723(5), b = 7.540(5), $\text{c}\text{= 7.482(5)}\text{A}\text{?}$, β = 101.32(5)°. Crystal structure of this salt has been solved with a final R value 0.028. As in the corresponding potassium salt PO₄ and SO₄ tetrahedra are randomly distributed.A complete hydrogen bonding pattern is given.     

Crystal chemistry of γ-(Zn, Me)3(PO4)2 solid solutions

A number of γ-(Zn,$\text{Me}$)₃(PO₄)₂ solid solutions with the “γ-Zn₃(PO₄)₂” structure have been prepared and equilibrated at about 1070 K ($\text{Me}\text{= Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cd}$). Approximate homogeneity ranges are given. The monoclinic unit cell dimensions have been accurately determined from Guinier-Hägg photographs. The structure contains five- and six-coordinated cations. Correlations between homogeneity ranges, unit cell dimensions, cation radii and cation distributions are pointed out, and the phases are also compared with isotypic (Mg,$\text{Me}$₃(PO₄)₂ and (Co,$\text{Me}$)₃(PO₄)₂ solid solutions.