Ultra trace mercury(II) detection by a highly selective new optical sensor

This paper presents the development and construction of a sensitive new optical sensor that is highly selective to Hg²⁺ ion in aqueous solution. The sensing element, the newly synthesized (1Z,2Z)-N′¹,N′²-dihydroxy-N¹,N²-dipyridin-2-ylethanediimidamide, incorporated into a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane, is capable of determining mercury(II) with a high selectivity over a wide dynamic range from 5.78 × 10⁻⁹ to 1.05 × 10⁻³ M at pH 4.0 with a lower detection limit of 1.71 × 10⁻⁹ M. The optode membrane's response to Hg²⁺ is fully reversible and reveals a very good selectivity towards Hg²⁺ ion over a wide variety of other metal ions in solution. Performance characteristics of the sensor evaluated as good reversibility, wide dynamic range, long life span, long-term response stability, and high reproducibility. The proposed optical sensor gives good results for applications in direct determination of mercury(II) in environmental real samples that are satisfactorily comparable with corresponding data from cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.     

Fluorescence quenching of benzo[k]fluoranthene in poly(vinyl alcohol) film: a possible optical sensor for nitro aromatic compounds

Benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) is a condensed multi-ring compounds with high fluorescence quantum yield and Stokes’ shift. Nitro aromatic compounds (NACs) are known to be good electron acceptors and quenchers. The fluorescence quenching of benzo[k]fluoranthene in poly(vinyl alcohol) film by different NACs, e.g. nitrobenzene, m-dinitrobenzene, o-nitrotoluene, m-nitrotoluene, p-nitrobromobenzene, o-nitroaniline, p-nitrophenol, etc. has been studied. The BkF film shows a strong quenching in the NACs concentration range from 1×10⁻⁴ to 1×10⁻³ M. The Stern–Volmer plots for NACs are found to be non-linear, but regular in this concentration range, which can be used for estimation of these compounds. The typical response time of the sensing film is found to be 2–10 s. The sensor film also shows minimal interference from different organic molecules and has good reversibility and reproducibility. The sensor gives a sensitivity of 1×10⁻⁵ M for p-nitrophenol.     

Searching for optimal sensitivity of single-mode D-type optical fiber sensor in the phase measurement

To improve the sensitivity of a single-mode D-type optical fiber sensor, we selected a D-type optical fiber sensor with 4 mm long and 4 μm core thickness made of a single-mode fiber, a Au-coating on the sensor with a thickness range of 15–32 nm, a light wavelength of 632.8 nm, and an incident angle of 86.5–89.5° for different refractive index (1.33–1.40) sensing. These simulations are based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) theory using the phase method which shows that the sensitivity is proportional to the refractive index, Au film thickness and lower incident angle on the sensing interface. The sensitivity is higher than 4000 (degree/RIU), and the resolution is better than 2.5 × 10⁻⁶(RIU) as the minimum phase variation is 0.01°. This device is used to detect the refractive index or gas or liquid concentration in real-time. The proposed sensor is small, simple, inexpensive, and provides an in vivo test.     

基于ANSYS的声表面波氢气传感器压电分析

设计了声表面波氢气传感器的结构,利用ANSYS软件建立了声表面波传感器的有限元模型,并对SAW氢气传感器进行了仿真,最后用数据处理软件Origin分析了敏感薄膜的材料参数对传感器输出的影响.传感器通人1 000× 10-6的氢气后,钯膜的厚度、密度、弹性模量等发生了相应改变,进而导致输出电压、频率等发生改变.分析表明:...     

Development of an optical sensor for determination of zinc by application of PC-ANN

A very sensitive and reversible optical chemical sensor based on dithizone as chromoionophore immobilized within a plasticized carboxylated PVC film for Zn²⁺ determination is described. At optimum conditions (i.e. pH 5.0), the proposed sensor displays a linear response to Zn²⁺ over 5.0 × 10⁻⁸-5.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹ range. This range was improved to 2.5 × 10⁻⁸-5.8 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ range by applying principle component-feed forward artificial neural network with back-propagation training algorithm (PC-ANNB). Detection limit of 8.0 × 10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹ was obtained. The sensor is fully reversible within the dynamic range and the response time (t_95%) is approximately 4 min under batch conditions. In addition to its high stability and reproducibility, the sensor shows good selectivity towards Zn²⁺ ion with respect to common metal cations. The sensor was successfully applied for determination of Zn²⁺ ion in hair sample.     

Analysis of response mechanism of a proton-pumping gate FET hydrogen gas sensor in air

Two different types of hydrogen response signals (DC and AC) of a proton-pumping gate FET with triple layer gate structure (Pd/proton conducting polymer/Pt) were obtained. The proton-pumping gate FET showed good selectivity against other gases (CH₄, C₂H₆, NH₃, and O₂). For practical use, the hydrogen response characteristics of the proton-pumping gate FET were investigated in air (a gaseous mixture of oxygen and nitrogen). The proton-pumping gate FET showed different hydrogen response characteristics in nitrogen as well as in air, despite the lack of oxygen interference independently. To clarify the response mechanism of the proton-pumping gate FET, a hydrogen response measurement was performed, using a gas flow system and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Consequently, the difference in response between nitrogen and air was found to be due to the hydrogen dissociation reaction and the interference with the proton transfer caused by the adsorbed oxygen on the upper Pd gate electrode.     

Hg2 + 离子传感器的最新研究进展

综述了汞离子传感器的最新研究进展，主要介绍了利用光化学传感器、离子选择电极和生物传感器检测汞离子的状况，重点分析比较了功能材料和传感器特性。在此基础上，介绍了我们的研究情况，通过两个阶段的固相反应合成了汞离子传感器，并且通过激光脉冲沉积(PLD)技术把靶材(汞离子传感器)制备在光寻址电位传感器(LAPS)的表面上，形成薄膜，实现了汞离子传感器的微型化。     

Elaboration and standardization of an optical fibre corrosion sensor based on an electroless deposit of copper

The goal of our present work is to develop and test an optical fibre corrosion sensor (OFCS) fabricated by an electroless copper film deposition onto an optical fibre core within the sensing region. In our case, corrosion monitoring was carried out by two methods: optical and electrochemical methods. The idea consists is to couple these two methods by correlating the parameters describing the optical detection and those which describe the electrochemical corrosion process. This approach, once is carried out, makes it possible to gain more precise information on degradation within hidden parts of metallic structures.     

SAW氢传感器的研究进展

对声表面波(SAW)氢传感器的研究目前主要集中在改善其敏感性、加快响应速度、增强稳定性以及消除温度的影响。要实现这些目标,一是改善SAW氢传感器的关键部件——敏感薄膜的性能;二是改进传感器的结构。对主要研究机构在这些方面的研究进行了系统的综述,并提出了发展方向。     

纳米粒子与聚电解质相互作用的压电传感检测

石英表面先吸附阳离子聚电解质均聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDADMAC),利用压电式传感器实时监测纳米S iO2粒子在PDADMAC膜表面吸附过程中的质量变化,获得吸附速率常数,并讨论吸附可逆性和盐浓度的影响。     

Development of a new fluorescent sensor based on a triazolo-thiadiazin derivative immobilized in polyvinyl chloride membrane for sensitive detection of lead(II) ions

A new sensor membrane based on a novel triazolo-thiadiazin derivative immobilized in polyvinyl chloride has been developed for the determination of Pb(II) ions that displays excellent performance. The parameters involved in the preparation of the optode and determination of Pb(II) were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed sensor displays a calibration response for Pb(II) over a wide concentration range of 5.0 × 10⁻⁸ to 3.8 × 10⁻⁴ M with the detection limit of 2.2 × 10⁻⁸ M. In addition to high reproducibility and reversibility of the fluorescence signal, the sensor also exhibits good selectivity over common metal ions. The optode membrane developed is easily prepared, stable, rapid, and simple for the determination of Pb(II). The accuracy of the proposed sensor was confirmed by analyzing standard reference materials of natural water and surface water. The sensor was successfully used for the determination of Pb(II) ions in water samples with satisfactory results.     

表面活性剂在PVC膜上吸附的压电传感检测

在液隔电极式压电传感器表面修饰聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜,实时监测十二烷基苯磺酸钠在修饰膜表面吸附过程中的质量变化,获得吸附/脱附速率常数、平衡常数、饱和吸附量等参数,并讨论盐浓度的影响。     

Investigating surface crystal growth using an intrinsic exposed core optical fibre sensor

Surface, or heterogeneous crystallisation processes, also known as scale formation, has been monitored directly using an intrinsic, exposed core optical fibre sensor (IECOFS). Optical attenuation was found to be linearly correlated with scale layer height and average crystal contact area and the optical signal was found to be restored following chemical removal of deposited crystals (without physical intervention). The IECOFS was found to be insensitive to bulk-solution (homogenous) crystallisation processes, making it a potentially powerful tool for the study of heterogeneous-only crystallisation processes. Kinetic parameters extracted from the obtained crystallisation measurements showed that the IECOFS is capable of providing a reliable means of monitoring surface crystal growth.     

Characterisation of an optical sensor membrane based on the metal ion indicator Pyrocatechol Violet

A non-specific photometric metal ion indicator Pyrocatechol Violet (PV) was tested for its potential use in a metal-sensitive optrode membrane. The water soluble indicator was lipophilised in the form of an ion pair with tetraoctylammonium cation (TOA), and subsequently immobilised in a plasticised PVC membrane. The spectral response of the membrane in the presence of various transition metal ions was studied. It was found that the ability of PV to form complexes with metal ions significantly reduced following immobilisation, with the exception of Cu(II). A number of factors responsible for the improved selectivity and high sensitivity of immobilised PV towards Cu(II) were identified. Amongst those, the most important is the presence of quaternary ammonium salt in the membrane which induced a significant bathochromic shift of the PV–Cu(II) chelate absorption maximum, as well as the intensification of the chelate absorption band. The membrane responds to Cu(II) irreversibly by changing colour from yellow to green (absorption maximum at 740 nm), and typically, an exposure time of 10 min enables the determination of Cu(II) in the 1–100 μM range. A comparison of selectivity and sensitivity characteristics between the water soluble form of the indicator and the immobilised form was performed, and the effects of pH and lipophilic surfactant additives on the response mechanism are discussed.     

Low-cost colorimetric sensor for the quantitative detection of gaseous hydrogen sulfide

A simple, rapid and low-cost method for differentiating a wide range of concentrations of gaseous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is described. A large dynamic range (50 ppb to 50 ppm) was successfully classified at ambient temperature using a colorimetric sensor array comprised of chemoresponsive dyes coupled to a commercially available 8-bit flatbed scanner. Principle component analysis of the composite magnitude and kinetics of color change for the array of dye spots over the entire dynamic range resulted in 100% classification. This was achieved by including chemoresponsive dyes which reacted specifically with H₂S at different detection thresholds.     

MEMS粗真空传感器研制

设计了硅基MEMS粗真空传感器及其工艺流程,分析了 MEMS粗真空传感器的工作原理和过程,制作了MEMS粗真空传感器,并对其真空敏感特性和温度交叉敏感特性进行了实验研究.研究结果表明:采用恒压源供电时,制作的MEMS真空传感器灵敏度高达0.55μV/Pa,同时,具有很好的线性度和重复性.     

Poly(acrylamide) derivatives for QCM-based HCl gas sensor applications

Quartz resonators coated with three kinds of poly(acrylamide) derivatives were studied for simply but accurately detecting HCl gas in air. The exposure of the resonator to HCl gas reversibly decreased the oscillation frequencies. The sensitivity, response time, and reversibility were found to depend on the structure of the amide group. Among the polymers used, poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAA) showed the most relevant data for the HCl sensor. The HCl sensitivity obtained for PDMAA was ca. 250 ppb/Hz. On the other hand, the irreversible response toward NO₂ gas was considerably high, and great interference was also produced by changes in the test gas humidity.     

基于DSP的光纤电压传感器的设计

为了克服传统电压传感器的稳定性差和精度低的缺点,提出了一种新型基于DSP的光纤电压传感器设计方式,并对其工作原理及特性进行了分析和讨论。应用双光路补偿和软件补偿法相结合的方法来减小温度对系统的影响,实验结果表明:新型光纤电压传感器的精度已达到0.1%。     

光波导化学传感器的数据采集和分析软件的开发

在光波导化学传感器研究中,辐照计检测的光强度由记录器(打印机)显示。对观察、记录、分析和保存检测的数据极不方便。因此提高和改进光波导检测系统的性能,用VB6.0编程语言开发数据采集和分析软件。通过数据采集卡将辐照计连接计算机并用该软件记录、处理、分析和保存检测数据,一整套实时图形化显示过程。本论文详细介绍检测系统的硬件、软件结构和性能,它不需要任何应用软件支持,可以在Windows中直接运行,界面友好、操作方便、运行稳定性好。计算机采集和处理检测数据使新系统在灵敏度、可靠性、响应速度和检测数据的精密度等方面超过了原来系统的性能,并为检测、研究该类传感器在智能化方面提供指导作用。     

SO_2气体传感器的新进展

主要介绍了国内外当前SO2 气体传感器的研究现状及其发展趋势 ,并着重介绍了声表面波 (SAW )SO2 气体传感器的应用前景