共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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本文在分析石墨微观结构和性能基础上, 综合分析了石墨加工改性方法, 提出了石墨纳米结构组装的概念, 介绍了几种石墨纳米结构组装的方法。通过结构组装, 引入纳米功能粒子, 制造活性功能空间, 合成新型石墨功能材料; 通过制备石墨层间化合物、碳石墨合金等方法引入纳米功能粒子组装碳石墨材料; 通过打开石墨层片, 制备二维层状材料制备纳米石墨烯片, 可以采用氧化活化等制造孔隙结构增加活性空间; 通过调节石墨晶体排布方向减少石墨材料的性能异向性, 提高性能均匀性; 通过石墨结构纳米组装设计, 设计新型石墨功能材料。纳米尺度的石墨加工和改性有可能推动石墨矿物资源的有效利用, 开发新型石墨储能材料和石墨烯片材料。 相似文献
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氮对碳纤维石墨化的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用元素分析、X射线衍射和拉曼光谱等手段对不同结构成分的石墨纤维进行表征,研究了石墨结构与纤维中氮的关系。结果表明:在高温石墨化过程中,随着氮的减少,石墨微晶堆叠厚度和宽度不断增大,纤维的晶区取向度和石墨化度提高。氮含量大于0.08%时,石墨片层中有氮原子的位置会扭曲变形,不利于石墨微晶的生长,石墨微晶大小、晶区取向度及石墨化度增长比较缓慢;当氮元素含量小于0.08%时,由氮引起的石墨片层缺陷很少,石墨微晶大小、晶区取向度及石墨化度的增长速率随氮的减少而大幅度提高。脱除氮原子虽然不能引起石墨片层的生长,但是含氮石墨片层生长的控制步骤。 相似文献
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原料尺寸对氧化石墨与石墨烯性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用改进的Hummers法对不同尺寸的天然石墨进行氧化处理,水合肼还原获得石墨烯。利用红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线衍射(XRD)等对天然石墨、氧化石墨和石墨烯的化学结构、光谱学及结晶性进行表征。结果表明:天然石墨被充分氧化为氧化石墨,氧化石墨被还原为完美的石墨烯;天然石墨尺寸越小,氧化程度越大,氧化石墨的层间距越大;氧化石墨的D峰和G峰的强度比ID/IG与天然石墨尺寸大小成正比;与同尺寸的氧化石墨相比,石墨烯的ID/IG值比氧化石墨的大,说明石墨烯中sp2杂化碳层平面的平均尺寸小于氧化石墨的平均尺寸,新生成的石墨化区域被一些缺陷分割成尺寸更小的sp2杂化区域。 相似文献
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膨胀石墨是重要的工业应用材料,但其微观形貌、成分与晶体结构随膨胀倍率的变化规律认识仍不足。选择 H 2 SO4+HNO3+KMnO4+FeCl3作为插层氧化体系,通过对鳞片原料石墨化学氧化制备出可膨胀石墨,分别在400℃、600℃、800℃、1000℃下膨化处理获得不同的膨胀石墨。针对上述几种石墨,采用 OM、SEM、EDS、XRD等技术对比研究了其形貌、成分与结构的变化。结果表明,原料石墨、可膨胀石墨与膨胀石墨分别呈现层片状、褶皱状和蠕虫状的微观形貌,插层物主要由 S 与 O 组成,膨胀石墨的 S 与 O 含量显著低于可膨胀石墨,且其含量随着膨化温度提高逐渐降低。这些石墨具有相同的密排六方结构,其中可膨胀石墨的晶格常数显著大于原料石墨,反映出插层后石墨结晶度的严重劣化。膨胀石墨的结晶度稍差于原料石墨,但压片处理后得到改善,更高温度膨化的石墨改善更加明显,且优于原料石墨,这预示着高温膨化石墨的应用可塑性更强,具有更好的应用前景。 相似文献
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我国人造金刚石用石墨材料的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
石墨材料是人工合成金刚石的直接原料.回顾我国人造金刚石用石墨材料的发展历程,介绍目前金刚石工业专用石墨材料的种类、制备工艺及其相关性能.同时,概要介绍掺杂石墨和采用其他种类石墨材料合成金刚石的研究进展,并对今后人造金刚石用石墨材料的发展进行了展望. 相似文献
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Exfoliation of graphite 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
D. D. L. Chung 《Journal of Materials Science》1987,22(12):4190-4198
The exfoliation of graphite is a phase transition involving the vaporization of the intercalate in the graphite. Exfoliated graphite is an expanded graphite with a low density. This paper reviews the process of the exfoliation of graphite and the exfoliated graphite material. It surveys the applications of exfoliated graphite, covers both reversible and irreversible exfoliation and reviews the methods and mechanism of exfoliation. Other topics include the structure and properties of exfoliated graphite, graphite foils, exfoliated carbon fibres and composites. 相似文献
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简要概述了现有的纳米石墨制备方法,这些方法从材料来源上可以分为2类,一类由鳞片石墨来制备,另一类由富碳材料合成.由鳞片石墨制备纳米石墨的方法主要有球磨法、超声波粉碎法、爆轰裂解法和电化学插层法;由富碳材料合成纳米石墨的方法主要包括爆轰合成法、化学气相沉积法、激光脉冲沉积法和化学合成法. 相似文献
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通过膨胀石墨粉与石蜡混合制备相变复合材料可有效提高该储能材料的传热性能。为研究膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的导热机制,提出了膨胀石墨粉与石蜡混合后的3尺度层次固体有效导热系数计算方法。然后,通过数值模拟计算得到了具有不同体积分数和不同导热系数的膨胀石墨导热颗粒的膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数。结果表明:膨胀石墨能够有效地提高石蜡的导热性能,当膨胀石墨的体积分数为10%时,膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数是纯石蜡的9倍。此外,提高底层尺度的石墨片与石蜡的混合程度及降低底层尺度石墨的体积分数都能有效提高膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数。所得结论为探究膨胀石墨粉提高相变复合材料导热系数的机理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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On the fatigue damage micromechanisms in Si‐solution–strengthened spheroidal graphite cast iron
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S. Sujakhu S. Castagne M. Sakaguchi K.A. Kasvayee E. Ghassemali A.E.W. Jarfors W. Wang 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2018,41(3):625-641
Graphite nodules in spheroidal graphite cast iron (SGI) play a vital role in fatigue crack initiation and propagation. Graphite nodules growth morphology can go through transitions to form degenerated graphite elements other than spheroidal graphite nodules in SGI microstructure. These graphite particles significantly influence damage micromechanisms in SGI and could act differently than spheroidal graphite nodules. Most of the damage mechanism studies on SGI focused on the role of spheroidal graphite nodules on the stable crack propagation region. The role of degenerated graphite elements on SGI damage mechanisms has not been frequently studied. In this work, fatigue crack initiation and propagation tests were conducted on EN‐GJS‐500‐14 and observed under scanning electron microscope to understand the damage mechanisms for different graphite shapes. Crack initiation tests showed a dominant influence of degenerated graphite elements where early cracks initiated in the microstructure. Most of the spheroidal graphite nodules were unaffected at the early crack initiation stage, but few of them showed decohesion from the ferrite matrix and internal cracking. In the crack propagation region, graphite/ferrite matrix decohesion was the frequent damage mechanism observed with noticeable crack branching around graphite nodules and the crack passing through degenerated graphite elements. Finally, graphite nodules after decohesion acted like voids which grew and coalesced to form microcracks eventually causing rapid fracture of the remaining section. 相似文献
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The article reported a new way to prepare sulfur-free and lower exfoliate-temperature expandable graphite with ultrasound irradiation. Flake graphite mixture was used as raw material, sulfur-free inorganic and organic solvents were used as ultrasonic solvents. After ultrasound irradiation and wash, the expandable graphite was expanded at 350 °C to obtain sulfur-free expanded graphite. The process is the same as the preparation of sulfur-contain and high exfoliate-temperature expandable graphite with ultrasound irradiation. X-ray diffraction patterns were used to analyze the structure and confirm that the expandable graphite had been prepared. Scanning electron microscope images showed the structure of expandable graphite and the existence of expanded graphite. 相似文献