金属正交切削加工过程的有限元分析

运用大型通用有限元程序对金属正交切削加工过程进行非线性弹塑性有限元模拟分析，得到不同刀具前角在加工过程中对切屑形状、应力分布、应变分布、残余应力及残余变形的影响，得出刀具前角值与剪切角的关系。计算验证了一些实验结果，结论可供工程应用参考。     

切屑形成的基本理论与屑形控制

论述了金属切削过程中切屑变形与卷曲的基本原理 ,分析了塑性金属与脆性金属切屑的不同形成机理 ,提出了控制切屑形状的基本原则     

有限元法分析刀具前角对切削加工的影响

建立了热力耦合、平面应变、连续带状切屑的二维正交切削加工有限元分析模型。分析了刀具前角对切屑几何形状、切削力和切削温度的影响。结果显示刀具前角增大,切削力明显减小,切削温度降低,切屑厚度减小,切屑形状更为细长。     

负前角刀具切削加工机理的有限元仿真分析

利用有限元仿真方法对-80°-0°刀具负前角时切削过程进行二维正交切削仿真试验,研究了负前角刀具切削加工过程和切屑产生的必要条件以及不同刀具负前角下切削力分量的主导作用和相互影响规律。结果表明:负前角切削过程中首先产生刀尖点处的集中变形点a;随着切削进行,产生自由端面上的集中变形点b;集中变形点a、b相向扩展,形成集中剪切滑移带,进而产生切屑;负前角切削加工中,存在临界负前角使切削加工不产生切屑;随着负前角绝对值增大,加工所需的切削力也随之急剧增大,越来越难产生切屑。     

医用钛合金切削加工中切屑变形机理研究

在分析医用钛合金材料Ti-6Al-4V特性的基础上,首先从理论上阐明了钛合金切削加工的切屑变形机理,然后采用试验研究方法,从切屑变形系数ξ与刀具前角γ0的关系、显微组织结构特征两方面对切屑变形机理进行深入研究,发现钛合金Ti-6Al-4V高速切削时切屑变形的主要特征是集中剪切滑移;切屑变形系数ξ随刀具前角γ0的增大而减小,在保证切削刃强度的前提下,增大刀具前角可改善钛合金的切削性能;同时Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的典型（α-β）相金相组织使其成为难切削加工材料,应积极采取措施减少其给切削加工带来的不利因素。     

直角自由刨削铝合金、低碳钢材料的切屑变形试验研究

在金属切削过程中,切屑的变形是研究切削过程的重要现象之一,其对于切削过程中的力、热、切屑的卷断、刀具磨损及加工表面质量等都有重要影响。采用直角自由刨削的方式,针对某型铝合金和低碳钢两种不同金属材料,采用正交切削试验,通过测量切屑的几何尺寸,计算切屑变形系数,分析切削速度、切削厚度及刀具前角等切削条件参数对切屑变形的影响,确定较优化的试验条件参数。     

钛合金切削性能及绝热剪切带微观形态研究

采用正交试验方法对钛合金进行切削试验,研究了切削用量和刀具前角对切削力和锯齿化程度的影响规律,并采用金相显微镜对锯齿形切屑的切屑形貌和绝热剪切带内材料特征进行观察和分析。结果表明:进给量和背吃刀量对切削力的影响高度显著,刀具前角对进给力的影响高度显著而对主切削力的影响显著;刀具前角、进给量、切削速度对锯齿化程度的影响显著性依次减小;随着锯齿形切屑变形程度增加,绝热剪切带内组织特征由形变带向转变带转化;锯齿形切屑裂纹形成于绝热剪切带与下一个梯形基块的交界处,并沿绝热剪切带方向扩展;刀具前角对裂纹影响较显著,当刀具前角为10°时,裂纹更加明显。     

切削铝基复合材料时的切屑变形及影响因素研究

切屑形态特征和变形系数是研究切削变形程度的重要手段和参数,是计算其他切削过程参数的基础.通过硬质合金和聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具车削SiC增强铝基复合材料,并观察切屑SEM照片,检测切屑的变形尺寸,研究切屑形态和变形系数.结果表明,切屑形态为小螺卷状,呈节状锯齿形.切削速度与变形系数的关系曲线呈驼峰形,随着进给量和刀具前角的增大,切屑变形系数减小.     

淬硬45钢斜角切削锯齿形切屑的有限元模拟

目前大多数对高速切削锯齿形切屑的仿真模拟都是针对二维直角切削,三维仿真模拟极少。实际切削加工是一个三维变形过程,为了更准确地揭示高速切削机理,亟需开展三维切削加工过程中锯齿形切屑的仿真研究。本文针对淬硬45钢(45HRC)斜角高速切削过程中锯齿形切屑的三维有限元建模及分析,基于ABAQUS通用有限元软件,采用Johnson-Cook材料模型和失效应变分离准则,模拟淬硬45钢(45HRC)斜角高速切削过程中锯齿形切屑的形成过程,并对不同刀具前角和切削厚度下的切屑锯齿化程度、流屑角和宽度变形系数进行分析。结果表明:随着刀具前角的减小和切削厚度的增大,切屑的锯齿化程度越来越明显;切屑的流屑角基本不受刀具前角的影响,近似等于刃倾角,但随着切削厚度的增大而逐渐增大;宽度变形系数随刀具前角的减小和切削厚度的增大而增大。     

基于ABAQUS的Ti6Al4V切削仿真研究

以刀具前角作为变量,采用单因素变量法建立了基于ABAQUS的Ti6Al4V正交切削有限元模型。模拟了锯齿形切屑形成过程,深入分析了锯齿形切屑形成机理。研究了不同刀具前角对切屑锯齿化程度和切削力的影响。研究结果表明:刀具前角变化对锯齿形切屑形成有着重要影响;随着刀具前角增大,锯齿化程度逐渐减小,切削力也会逐渐减小。     

An experimental study of edge radius effect on cutting single crystal silicon

According to the hypothesis of ductile machining, brittle materials undergo a transition from brittle to ductile mode once a critical undeformed chip thickness is reached. Below this threshold, the energy required to propagate cracks is believed to be larger than the energy required for plastic deformation, so that plastic deformation is the predominant mechanism of material removal in machining these materials in this mode. An experimental study is conducted using diamond cutting for machining single crystal silicon. Analysis of the machined surfaces under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) identifies the brittle region and the ductile region. The study shows that the effect of the cutting edge radius possesses a critical importance in the cutting operation. Experimental results of taper cutting show a substantial difference in surface topography with diamond cutting tools of 0° rake angle and an extreme negative rake angle. Cutting with a diamond cutting tool of 0° rake angle could be in a ductile mode if the undeformed chip thickness is less than a critical value, while a ductile mode cutting using the latter tool could not be found in various undeformed chip thicknesses.     

基于ABAQUS的金属切削数值模拟分析

采用ABAQUS有限元软件对切削过程进行了2D和3D数值模拟,分析了切削深度、切削速度等切削工艺参数和刀具前角、刃倾角等刀具几何参数对切削过程的影响;分析过程中考虑切削产生的热量对切削变形的影响,获得了切削应力场、应变场以及温度分布;通过观察和分析切削后表面粗糙度和切屑形状等,为刀具设计和确定工艺参数提供依据。     

A SLIPLINE FIELD ANALYSIS OF FREE-CHIP ORTHOGONAL MACHINING WITH ADHESION FRICTION AT RAKE FACE

The paper presents slipline field solutions for metal machining assuming adhesion friction at the chip-tool interface. The field is of “indirect” type and is analyzed by the matrix method suggested by Dewhurst, Dewhurst and Collins. The range of validity of the proposed solutions is examined from the consideration of overstressing of rigid vertices in the assumed rigid regions. Rake angle and rake friction are found to be the most important variables that influence the deformation process in machining. Variation of cutting forces, chip thickness ratio, chip curvature and contact length with rake angle and friction parameters is investigated. It is observed that cutting and thrust forces and cutting ratio decrease as rake angle increases but increase as coefficient of friction increases. However, tool-chip contact length decreases as rake angle increases. As a result the average normal and shear stresses on the tool face increases as rake angle increases though, the cutting and thrust forces decrease. Results indicate that friction coefficient cannot be uniquely determined by the rake angle alone, but may have a range of allowable values for a particular value of rake angle. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data available in literature and also with those obtained by the authors from orthogonal cutting tests.     

A SLIPLINE FIELD ANALYSIS OF FREE-CHIP ORTHOGONAL MACHINING WITH ADHESION FRICTION AT RAKE FACE

The paper presents slipline field solutions for metal machining assuming adhesion friction at the chip-tool interface. The field is of “indirect” type and is analyzed by the matrix method suggested by Dewhurst, Dewhurst and Collins. The range of validity of the proposed solutions is examined from the consideration of overstressing of rigid vertices in the assumed rigid regions. Rake angle and rake friction are found to be the most important variables that influence the deformation process in machining. Variation of cutting forces, chip thickness ratio, chip curvature and contact length with rake angle and friction parameters is investigated. It is observed that cutting and thrust forces and cutting ratio decrease as rake angle increases but increase as coefficient of friction increases. However, tool-chip contact length decreases as rake angle increases. As a result the average normal and shear stresses on the tool face increases as rake angle increases though, the cutting and thrust forces decrease. Results indicate that friction coefficient cannot be uniquely determined by the rake angle alone, but may have a range of allowable values for a particular value of rake angle. The theoretical results are compared with experimental data available in literature and also with those obtained by the authors from orthogonal cutting tests.     

多齿刀具加工金属长纤维的机理

研究了多齿刀具加工金属纤维的机理．研究发现．多齿刀具各细齿切削属双刃斜角切削．建立了双刃斜角切削模型并用实验验证，从理论上预测各细齿切削时的流屑角．根据流屑角计算各细齿的实际切削前角。结果表明．多齿刀具备细齿切削时具有很大的实际切削前角．这正是多齿刀具能够加工金属长纤维的机理。     

An experimental study of optical glass machining

Owing to brittleness and hardness, optical glass is one of the materials that is most difficult to cut. Nevertheless, as the threshold value of the undeformed chip thickness is reached, brittle materials undergo a transition from the brittle to the ductile machining region. Below this threshold, it is believed that the energy required to propagate cracks is larger than the energy required for plastic deformation. Thus, plastic deformation is the predominant mechanism of material removal in machining these materials in this mode. An experimental study is conducted to diamond-cut BK7 glass in ductile mode. As an effective rake angle plays a more important role than a nominal rake angle does, a discussion about this effective angle is carried out in the paper. The investigation presents the feasibility of achieving nanometric surfaces. Power spectral density (PSD) analysis on the machined surfaces shows the difference between the characteristics of the two modes. During the experiments, it is recognised that tool wear is a severe problem. Further study is in process to improve the cutting tool life.     

Practical applications of the “energy–triaxiality” state relationship in metal cutting

Most of the energy spent on metal cutting is due to the unavoidable plastic deformation of the layer being removed during its transformation into the chip. Based on the new principle of metal cutting being a purposeful fracture process, the dominant parameter that controls this process in orthogonal metal cutting (OMC) is the triaxiality state. Therefore, the chip triaxiality state in the deformation zone can be correlated to the energy of the unwanted plastic deformation for a particular cutting configuration. This article investigates this type of correlation by changing the cutting tool geometry. A series of finite element (FE) simulations were performed for various tool rake angles shows a strong relationship between the stress triaxiality state parameter in the deformation zone and the required cutting force components.