一种低损无源软开关新技术

提出一种能适用于任何隔离型DC/DC变换器的无源软开关新技术。它是将一个称为电荷泵馈能缓冲(CPRS)的网络加在硬开关隔离型DC/DC变换器上实现无源软开关的。在通常的复合缓冲电路基础上,附加一个二极管VDs、一个并联放电馈能电路(Rd//Cs)和一个附加在高频变压器上的耦合绕组Na构成CPRS网络。利用变压器电压自举技术,使缓冲电容Cr向较高输入电压源馈送电能而完成能量直接复位。Rd//Cs除了能传递电能外,还能防止发生电流环流以及吸收关断暂态能量的功能。CPRS电路的功率损耗仅为通常有损缓冲器的功率损耗的23%,即可达到接近有源软开关的效果。对电路的理论分析、计算机仿真研究与实验测试结果均表明,该技术可能有应用价值。     

Analysis,design and implementation of a high‐voltage gain DC‐DC converter

An interleaved DC‐DC converter with soft switching technique is presented. There are two converter modules in the adopted circuit to share the load power. Since the interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM) is adopted to control two circuit modules, the ripple currents at input and output sides are naturally reduced. Therefore the input and output capacitances can be reduced. In each circuit module, a conventional boost converter and a voltage doubler configuration with a coupled inductor are connected in series at the output side to achieve high step‐up voltage conversion ratio. Active snubber connected in parallel with boost inductor is adopted to limit voltage stress on active switch and to release the energy stored in the leakage and magnetizing inductances. Since asymmetrical PWM is used to control active switches, the leakage inductance and output capacitance of active switches are resonant in the transition interval. Thus, both active switches can be turned on at zero voltage switching. The resonant inductance and output capacitances at the secondary side of transformer are resonant to achieve zero current switching turn‐off for rectifier diodes. Therefore, the reverse recovery losses of fast recovery diodes are reduced. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype rated at 400 W are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Soft‐Switching Interleaved PFC Converter with Lossless Snubber

This paper describes a soft‐switching interleaved power factor correction (PFC) converter with a lossless snubber. AC–DC converters require a unity input power factor characteristic with highly efficient operation to prevent the inflow of harmonic current to the power source. The proposed PFC converter improves the input current ripple with interleave control. The converter realizes a high efficiency by the soft‐switching operation of all switching devices without a large auxiliary resonant circuit. This paper introduces the soft‐switching operation of the converter. In order to confirm the validity of the proposed converter, experiments with a prototype of the PFC converter have been performed. The experimental results indicate that the proposed converter can realize the soft‐switching operation of all switching devices, a reduction in the input current ripple, a unity power factor of 98% or more, a sinusoidal input current, and constant output voltage control. The efficiency of the proposed PFC converter with a lossless snubber is higher than that without the lossless snubber. The results presented in this paper confirm the validity of the proposed converter.     

一种新颖的三电平软开关谐振型DC/DC变换器

该文提出一种新颖的三电平LLC串联电流谐振型DC/DC变换器。每个主开关电压应力是输入电压的一半，并且全范围实现ZVS而不用附加任何电路。整流二极管工作在ZCS状态。该变换器通过二次谐振的手段使得以较小的频率变化范围就可以实现较大的输入输出调节范围。整个变换器只需一颗磁元件。该变换器在高压端输入时效率较高，应用在要求有保持时间的电源产品上特别有利。文中通过一个500V～700V输入，54V／10A输出的样机验证了它的工作原理和特点。该样机在额定条件下效率达到94．7％。     

Hybrid DC–DC converter with high efficiency,wide ZVS range,and less output inductance

In this paper, a new soft switching direct current (DC)–DC converter with low circulating current, wide zero voltage switching range, and reduced output inductor is presented for electric vehicle or plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery charger application. The proposed high‐frequency link DC–DC converter includes two resonant circuits and one full‐bridge phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation circuit with shared power switches in leading and lagging legs. Series resonant converters are operated at fixed switching frequency to extend the zero voltage switching range of power switches. Passive snubber circuit using one clamp capacitor and two rectifier diodes at the secondary side is adopted to reduce the primary current of full‐bridge converter to zero during the freewheeling interval. Hence, the circulating current on the primary side is eliminated in the proposed converter. In the same time, the voltage across the output inductor is also decreased so that the output inductance can be reduced compared with the output inductance in conventional full‐bridge converter. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.33‐kW prototype circuit converting 380 V input to an output voltage of 300–420 V/3.5 A for battery charger applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种用于推挽式电压型逆变器的低损耗无源吸收电路

提出并实现了一种推挽式PWM电压型逆变器用无源吸收电路;设有独立的放电回路让缓冲电容器上的能量部分地回馈到直流电源中,高频放电能量不会叠加在输出电压上;缓冲电容器的电压被钳位,使得推挽电路特有的倍压不会在吸收电路上造成额外的损耗。给出吸收电路参数的设计准则和计算实例,在200VDC和30kW级的中压中功率逆变装置中发挥了推挽拓扑的优点。理论分析和实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

一种高增益交错耦合电感DC/DC变换器

提出了一种高增益交错耦合电感DC-DC变换器,采用二极管、电容和电感构建无源吸收网络,回收再利用漏感能量,开关管的开关电压尖峰得到抑制,进而减小了开关管的电压应力;选用导通阻抗低的MOSFET,降低开关损耗,改善变换器效率。将2个电容和2个耦合电感副边相结合,1个导通周期内,当电容并联导通时,储存在耦合电感中的能量给电容充电;当电容串联导通时,将能量释放给输出端,从而获得高增益。此外,二极管的反向恢复问题得到有效抑制;交错并联控制抑制了输入电流纹波,变换器性能得到改善。对电路的操作原理和模态变化作了详细分析,最后搭建了1台300 W、20 V/240 V的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

A novel prototype of auxiliary edge resonant bridge leg link snubber‐assisted soft‐switching sine‐wave PWM inverter

This paper proposes a new circuit topology of the three‐phase soft‐switching PWM inverter and PFC converter using IGBT power modules, which has the improved active auxiliary switch and edge resonant bridge leg‐commutation‐link soft‐switching snubber circuit with pulse current regenerative feedback loop as compared with the typical auxiliary resonant pole snubber discussed previously. This three‐phase soft‐switching PWM double converter is more suitable and acceptable for a large‐capacity uninterruptible power supply, PFC converter, utility‐interactive bidirectional converter, and so forth. In this paper, the soft‐switching operation and optimum circuit design of the novel type active auxiliary edge resonant bridge leg commutation link snubber treated here are described for high‐power applications. Both the main active power switches and the auxiliary active power switches achieve soft switching under the principles of ZVS or ZCS in this three‐phase inverter switching. This three‐phase soft‐switching commutation scheme can effectively minimize the switching surge‐related electromagnetic noise and the switching power losses of the power semiconductor devices; IGBTs and modules used here. This three‐phase inverter and rectifier coupled double converter system does not need any sensing circuit and its peripheral logic control circuits to detect the voltage or the current and does not require any unwanted chemical electrolytic capacitor to make the neutral point of the DC power supply voltage source. The performances of this power conditioner are proved on the basis of the experimental and simulation results. Because the power semiconductor switches (IGBT module packages) have a trade‐off relation in the switching fall time and tail current interval characteristics as well as the conductive saturation voltage characteristics, this three‐phase soft‐switching PWM double converter can improve actual efficiency in the output power ranges with a trench gate controlled MOS power semiconductor device which is much improved regarding low saturation voltage. The effectiveness of this is verified from a practical point of view. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(4): 64–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20207     

基于全控型电力电子器件的强制换流型混合直流断路器

基于全控型电力电子器件的强制换流型混合直流断路器,在辅助换流电路分断过程中,缓冲电容放电会影响机械开关分断时间;当主断路器完成分断动作,线路能量仅仅依靠避雷器释放,避雷器投入费用较高,能量释放过程较慢,容易造成器件损坏,并影响避雷器使用寿命。提出一种强制换流型混合直流断路器方案,分析了该断路器工作原理,通过对比仿真验证了该方案的可行性。与传统基于全控型器件的强制换流型混合断路器相比,其在实现电流双向流动的同时全控型器件减半;阻止了缓冲电容放电对机械开关动作时间的影响;引入接地引流二极管,可使线路电流尽快减少到零。     

并联H桥DC/DC变换器软开关技术研究

与传统的Buck电路相比,基于H桥并联的DC/DC变换器可以实现电压的双极性输出和故障时的冗余控制,非常适合用于大功率电动机正反转控制的场合。分析了并联H桥型DC/DC变换器的结构组成和双脉宽调制(PWM)模式。为了降低双脉宽调制下H桥型DC/DC变换器的开通和关断损耗,对无源软开关技术进行了分析,重点探讨了RCD缓冲电路和最小应力缓冲电路之间的性能差异,指出最小应力软开关技术可以获得更好的软开关性能,并就将其用于双脉宽调制下的并联H桥DC/DC变换器进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明:最小应力软开关技术用于双脉宽调制下并联H桥DC/DC变换器时,可以实现开关管的零电压开通和零电流关断。     

直流高压发生器设计中的四个关键问题

为了解决基于开关电源技术的直流高压发生器研制中的关键问题,分别介绍了系统方案设计、开关管驱动电路、缓冲电路和高频升压变压器设计4个关键技术。系统主要由功率部分和控制部分组成,前者用高频逆变和倍压整流的方案,后者采用MCU和CPLD结合的架构;开关管MOSFET驱动电路用A316J实现;RCD网络实现缓冲电路的设计;多槽排绕的方式绕制高频升压变压器。调试结果表明,开发出120kV、5mA输出的直流高压发生器可满足现场试验要求。     

A new parallel ZVS converter with less power switches and low current stress components

A new direct current (DC)/DC converter with parallel circuits is presented for medium voltage and power applications. There are five pulse‐width modulation circuits in the proposed converter to reduce current stress at low voltage side for high output current applications. These five circuits share the same power switches in order to reduce switch counts. To reduce the converter size, conduction loss, and voltage stress of power semiconductors, the series connections of power metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) with high switching frequency instead of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with low switching frequency are adopted. Thus, the voltage stress of MOSFETs is clamped at half of input voltage. The switched capacitor circuit is adopted to balance input split capacitor voltages. Asymmetric pulse‐width modulation scheme is adopted to generate the necessary switching signals of MOSFETs and regulate output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior at the transition interval of power switches, all MOSFETs are turned on under zero voltage switching from 50% load to 100% load. The circuit configuration, operation principle, converter performance, and design example are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental verifications with a 1.92 kW prototype are provided to verify the performance of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PSPICE和Matlab在IGBT动态仿真中应用

简要分析了目前常用的电力电子仿真软件PSPICE(Simulation Program with IC Emphasis)和Matlab的主要性能特点及在电力电子仿真中的适用程度。绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)开关回路在关断瞬间由于感性负载的作用常会伴随着擎住效应,对IGBT器件本身会造成严重的损伤,因此必须在IGBT器件两端并联缓冲电路．以实现对器件的过压保护。缓冲电路的拓扑结构有多种．过压保护的效果也不一样。应用以上两种仿真软件对IGBT开关回路进行动态仿真研究．比较并分析了两种缓冲电路在IGBT关断瞬间的不同过压保护效果。并且说明了PSPICE和Matlab仿真结果的差异及其原因。     

矩阵式变换器的稳态网侧性能分析

矩阵式变换器是一种直接型的交-交变换器，没有中间大容量直流储能环节，具有功率因数高，谐波小等特点。本文根据矩阵式变换器的空间矢量调制原理以及四步换流策略，仿真研究了不同采样频率，四步换流策略最小开关时间及电流方向检测错误等对稳态网侧性能的影响。根据实际情况为实验样机设计了一台输入滤波器，达到了很好的滤波效果。     

基于神经网络拟合显式MPC的高增益直流变换器

针对燃料电池、风力发电等新型能源系统输出电压较低的问题,提出一种具有拟合显式模型预测控制(model predictive control, MPC)的高增益、高效率直流变换器。该变换器具有非隔离型三绕组耦合电感基本单元结构,通过改变匝数比,在合适占空比下实现高增益,同时也降低了开关器件应力。此外,所提变换器采用无源钳位电路,回收漏感能量,抑制了开关管的电压尖峰。为了提高所提变换器的动态性能及抗扰能力,利用神经网络离线拟合显式MPC控制规律的策略,提高了输出电压跟踪精度,减小了输入电压变化和负载变化带来的扰动,具有良好的动态响应。最后在理论分析的基础上,制作出了一台输入10~12 V、输出100 V/100 W的实验样机,实验结果验证了所提变换器的有效性。     

Series resonant ZCS‐PFM DC‐DC power converter with high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer link for high‐power magnetron drive

This paper presents a single lossless inductive snubber‐assisted ZCS‐PFM series resonant DC‐DC power converter with a high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer link for industrial‐use high‐power magnetron drive. The current flowing through the active power switches rises gradually at a turned‐on transient state with the aid of a single lossless snubber inductor, and ZCS turn‐on commutation based on overlapping current can be achieved via the wide range pulse frequency modulation control scheme. The high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer primary side resonant current always becomes continuous operation mode, by electromagnetic loose coupling design of the high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer and the magnetizing inductance of the high‐frequency high‐voltage transformer. As a result, this high‐voltage power converter circuit for the magnetron can achieve a complete zero current soft switching under the condition of broad width gate voltage signals. Furthermore, this high‐voltage DC‐DC power converter circuit can regulate the output power from zero to full over audible frequency range via the two resonant frequency circuit design. Its operating performances are evaluated and discussed on the basis of the power loss analysis simulation and the experimental results from a practical point of view. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 153(3): 79–87, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20126     

基于图腾柱无桥PFC的软开关控制变换研究

随着数据中心所需能量的日益增长,对于变换器高性能指标的追求十分迫切。文中设计了基于图腾柱结构实现高效高功率密度的软开关功率因数校正(PFC)电路,采用无桥PFC拓扑结合第三代宽禁带氮化镓器件,通过全数字控制方法实现电路在电流临界和准方波2种状态下切换工作,保证变换器在具备PFC功能的同时实现开关管零电压开关(ZVS)。首先介绍了图腾柱无桥PFC基本电路结构,通过分析电路暂态过程得出实现软开关特性的条件;然后根据全数字双闭环控制方法实现系统PFC功能,结合数学仿真模拟不同状态下图腾柱PFC输出特性;最终搭建了1台输入有效值220 V,输出48 V/400 W的AC/DC变换器。结果表明,系统在实现PFC功能的同时,可在全输入电压范围内保持ZVS特性,验证了电路设计及控制策略的可行性。     

一种无源无损缓冲电路的工程设计方法

介绍了一种具有较强工程实用价值的无源无损缓冲电路的工作过程,它利用辅助电感和辅助电容在主功率管开关过程中进行谐振,为开关管提供零电流开通(ZCON)和零电压关断(ZVOFF)条件,实现了软开关。详细讨论了这种缓冲电路的工程设计问题,提出一种基于缓冲电路损耗最小的优化设计方法。搭建了一台400V输入、110V/10A输出、开关频率为100kHz的带有该无源无损缓冲电路的Buck变流器样机,以验证无源无损缓冲电路的设计,并给出了实验波形和效率曲线。实验结果表明,缓冲电路有效地降低了开关管的电流和电压应力,抑制了主二极管反向恢复过程,变流器效率提高了约2%。实验中测得变流器的最高效率为95.2%。     

A unidirectional boost chopper with snubber energy regeneration using a coupled inductor

This paper proposes a novel soft‐switching boost chopper with a lossless LC snubber, suitable for improving the efficiency of the electric propulsion system of vehicles. The snubber circuit is beneficial owing to the following features: zero‐current switching turn‐on and zero‐voltage switching turn‐off are achieved regardless of the operating conditions; it requires only one additional switch with smaller current rating compared to the main switch; the additional switch can be controlled by basic arithmetic; and the main switch is free from additional voltage or current stress caused by the soft‐switching operation. Along with theoretical discussions, experimental results are also presented on the circuit behavior and the resulting improvement of the energy conversion efficiency. These results show the usefulness of the chopper for improving the efficiency of electric vehicles. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于桥臂电路的能量有源回馈吸收单元研究

提出一种基于桥臂电路的能量有源回馈吸收单元(EARS),不仅能够实现桥臂电路的软开关,还能解决能量回馈过程中的环流问题。EARS由无源软开关吸收回路和能量有源回馈支路构成,无源软开关吸收回路能够实现主电路开关管的零电流开通和零电压关断;而储存于缓冲电容的能量则能通过能量有源回馈支路返回至电源侧,并解决了无源回馈支路中的环流问题。能量有源回馈支路中辅助开关管的控制策略简单并且与主开关管相互独立,有利于系统模块化,提高了系统的可靠性。最后,通过搭建1 k W的能量有源回馈吸收单元实验平台,对上述电路拓扑的有效性和优越性进行验证。