高纯、单分散二氧化硅纳米粒子的制备

本文以单晶硅粉作为硅源,氨水作为催化剂,制备了二氧化硅纳米粒子.研究了单晶硅粉制备二氧化硅纳米粒子时反应条件对反应产率和粒径的影响,并通过单因素实验法和正交设计法获得了最佳实验条件.通过激光粒度分析仪、电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对纳米二氧化硅粒子的纯度、形貌、粒径进行了表征,得到了高纯、单分散的二氧化硅纳米粒子.     

Theranostic Advances in Breast Cancer in Nuclear Medicine

The implication of ‘theranostic’ refers to targeting an identical receptor for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, by the same radioligand, simultaneously or separately. In regard to extensive efforts, many considerable theranostic tracers have been developed in recent years. Emerging evidence strongly demonstrates the tendency of nuclear medicine towards therapies based on a diagnosis. This review is focused on the examples of targeted radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging and therapy of breast cancer.     

均分散TiO2纳米晶的制备及应用研究进展

介绍了不同晶形TiO2纳米晶的制备、应用;对TiO2纳米晶的合成方法以及相关材料的应用进展,尤其是均分散TiO2纳米晶的制备技术进行了综述。     

纳米金自催化生长及其应用研究

介绍了纳米金基因探针的制备方法,对小尺寸纳米金的自催化性能进行了分析研究,在此基础上,探讨了纳米金自催化机理放大光学信号及其在光学传感器方面的应用价值。     

纳米CeO2颗粒的表面改性及其抛光性能研究

为改善CeO2粉体的化学机械抛光(CMP)性能,采用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)作为分散剂,对CeO2粉体表面进行改性,通过傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜显微镜(TEM)、Zeta电位仪、激光粒度仪及稳定性测试等方法分析了表面改性对CeO2颗粒表面性质及其抛光液分散稳定性的影响.结果表明:纳米CeO2粉末经PEI改性后改变了其在水中的胶体性质,Zeta电位绝对值提高,CeO2颗粒间的空间位阻增加,抛光液的分散稳定性得到了明显改善.改性后纳米CeO2抛光液对手机面板玻璃的化学机械抛光(CMP)的抛光效率(MRR)由改性前的330 nm/min增加到381.6nm/min,具有更好的抛光效果.     

Heparin Assisted Photochemical Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Performance as SERS Substrates

Reactive and pharmaceutical-grade heparins were used as biologically compatible reducing and stabilizing agents to photochemically synthesize colloidal gold nanoparticles. Aggregates and anisotropic shapes were obtained photochemically under UV black-light lamp irradiation (λ = 366 nm). Heparin-functionalized gold nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The negatively charged colloids were used for the Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) analysis of differently charged analytes (dyes). Measurements of pH were taken to inspect how the acidity of the medium affects the colloid-analyte interaction. SERS spectra were taken by mixing the dyes and the colloidal solutions without further functionalization or addition of any aggregating agent.     

碳纳米管表面改性及其在聚合物中的应用

碳纳米管作为一种纳米材料,具有独特的结钩和性能,使其表现出特殊的力学、物理、化学、电学性能,以碳纳米管作增强体的聚合物复合材料具有广阔的应用前景,已成为近几年聚合物纳米复合材料研究的热点。但由于碳纳米管表面相对“惰性”,很难在聚合物中分散,斋对其表面进行改性。本文简要介绍了碳纳米管的结钩与性能,综述了碳纳米管的表面改性力一法,包括表面化学反应改性、表面活性剂改性、聚合物包覆改性等,并介绍r碳纳米管在改善聚合物力学性能、热性能、电学性能和摩擦性能等力一面的应用进展,最后指出了其今后的研究方向。     

金纳米粒的绿色合成及其在铜离子检测中的应用

以改性酵母细胞为稳定剂和还原剂,在氢氧化钠存在下通过原位还原氯金酸绿色合成了荧光金纳米粒(AuNPs),并对其进行了X-射线衍射和紫外光谱表征。基于Cu2+对AuNPs的荧光猝灭作用,建立了一种快速简便地检测食品中微量Cu2+的方法。结果表明,Cu2+浓度在0.001~0.2μg·mL-1范围内,AuNPs的荧光猝灭程度与Cu2+浓度间呈良好的线性关系。方法的准确度和精密度满足食品分析的要求,已成功用于大米和豆干中微量Cu2+的测定。     

单分散Gd2O3:Eu3+@SiO2的合成及性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成SiO₂包覆Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺球型核壳粒子,并对所得产物进行XRD,FT-IR,SEM,TEM,XDS,PL等测试。XRD结果显示:壳层Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺在600℃开始结晶,随着煅烧温度的升高结晶性提高。SEM,TEM测试结果显示所得核壳粒子具有高分散、均匀球型形貌、粒径大小300nm左右。在255nm的紫外光激发下,合成的荧光粉具有很强的610nm的特征红光。     

Surface Modification of Polyacrylonitrile Fibers and their Application in the Preparation of Silver Nanoparticles

The chelating functional polymer, polyacryloamidoxime (PAAmF), is formed on the surface of polyacrylonitrile fibers (PANF) by the surface modification method. The characteristics of PAAmF with different modification times are monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) reveals that the surface of PAAmF/PANF is rougher than that of the pristine PANF. Additionally, amidoxime chelating groups on the surface of PANF are the coordination sites for chelating Ag⁺, at which nano-sized silver nanoclusters are grown, using the reduction method. Silver nanoclusters are identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM microscopy. SEM photographs demonstrate that the Ag nanoclusters are arranged loosely on the surface of the PANF with a wider-size distribution of 24.9 nm under reduction conditions of pH=5 and 30 °C. However, the distribution of the sizes of the Ag nanoclusters shrinks to 23.5 nm at pH=7. As the reaction temperature is increased to 60 °C, the Ag nanoclusters aggregate to ~29.8 nm as observed by SEM.     

Cyclodextrin Nanosponges Inclusion Compounds Associated with Gold Nanoparticles for Potential Application in the Photothermal Release of Melphalan and Cytoxan

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-based nano-sponges (NS) inclusion compounds (IC) with the anti-tumor drugs melphalan (MPH) and cytoxan (CYT), and the addition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto both systems, for the potential release of the drugs by means of laser irradiation. The NS-MPH and NS-CYT inclusion compounds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–Vis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR). Thus, the inclusion of MPH and CYT inside the cavities of NSs was confirmed. The association of AuNPs with the ICs was confirmed by SEM, EDS, TEM, and UV–Vis. Drug release studies using NSs synthesized with different molar ratios of β-cyclodextrin and diphenylcarbonate (1:4 and 1:8) demonstrated that the ability of NSs to entrap and release the drug molecules depends on the crosslinking between the cyclodextrin monomers. Finally, irradiation assays using a continuous laser of 532 nm showed that photothermal drug release of both MPH and CYT from the cavities of NSs via plasmonic heating of AuNPs is possible.     

氧化铁磁性纳米粒子的表面修饰及应用

氧化铁磁性纳米粒子因其优异的性能,广泛应用于环境分离、生物活性物质的富集和分离等领域,近年来引起了广泛的关注和研究。文章总结了氧化铁肱性纳米粒子表面修饰方法及相关应用,并对其前号进行了展望。     

聚硫聚脲的合成与改性及其应用

简单介绍了液体聚硫橡胶的发展与性能,合成了以液体聚硫橡胶为软段,2,5-二氨基．3,6-二甲硫基甲苯(E300)扩链的聚硫聚脲和紫外光固化的聚硫聚脲两种聚硫聚合物,并介绍了用侧链含氨基的聚二甲基硅氧烷对这两种聚硫聚脲聚合物进行表面改性,例举了聚硫聚脲改性聚丁二烯聚脲、增韧环氧树脂胶粘剂和增强聚硫密封胶等的应用。     

Modification of Low-surface Energy Fibers used as Reinforcement in Cementitious Composites: A Review

This paper provides a review on the surface modification of low-surface energy fibers (polypropylene, polyethylene, and nylon) and discusses on the effects of these treatments toward the physical/mechanical properties of cement-based composite materials. These properties include the tensile, flexural, compressive strength and toughness, stress–strain behavior, modulus of elasticity, and workability. The effects of these treatments on the changes in the fiber/cement matrix interfacial properties are also presented. Studies have shown that various surface treatments have been used to improve the efficiency of the low-surface energy synthetic fibers in the cementitious composites. The modifications are on the basis of physical, chemical, and mechanical methods. The main achievements found have been the development of fibers with modified surface to optimize fiber–matrix adhesion. Moreover, the recently developed surface modifications will allow obtaining high-performance cementitious materials reinforced with the synthetic fibers.     

金纳米棒的合成及应用研究进展

金纳米材料具有特殊的物理、化学性质。与其他形状的金纳米材料相比,金纳米棒同时具有化学和光学方面的备向异性,在材料科学、局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）传感、生物医学等领域存在着巨大的应用前景。文章系统的评述了金纳米棒的合成及应用进展。具体内容包括金纳米棒的合成、金纳米棒的光学特性、金纳米棒在LSPR传感分析方面的应用以及金纳米棒在生物医学方面的应用。     

纳米粒子在聚合物中的分散研究进展

介绍了解决无机纳米粒子团聚的途径,以及目前解决无机纳米粒子在聚合物基体中均匀分散的最新研究情况。     

A Review on Biogenic Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Biological Applications

In recent decades, aquaculture and environment plays a noteworthy role in rewarding the massive stipulate in all industries. Environmental damage and disease domination are seen as essential issues in the region. In addition to these, nanotechnology as a fresh and imaginative instruments were extremely feasible in aquaculture and environmental applications. Next-generation biological applications of these nanomaterials might lead to an explosion in the bio industries. In order to utilizing the nanoparticles of biogenic expansion, selenium has plays major role in the biological progresses. Selenium (Se) is a multifunctional trace element. The present review analytically intends to the potential biological applications of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Synthesis of SeNPs physical, chemical and biological methods has been used. Physical and chemical methods of SeNPs have high cost, non ecofriendly, highly time consuming. Therefore, there is a growing concern to develop eco friendly and sustainable methods for biosynthesis. Biosynthesis method has ecofriendly, low cost, nontoxic and zero contamination. Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by plant extracts, bacteria, protein, biopolymers, seaweed extracts, fungi and yeasts have used for capping or stabilizing agents. Therefore this review represented original evidence for antibacterial, antifungal, antibiofilm, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimosquito larvicidal and aquaculture applications of prospective biogenic SeNPs were provided in turn in this regard of literatures. Bio synthesis of SeNPs and it is used for many applications like medical, environmental and aquaculture applications. In this review study, the importance of selenium nanoparticles as a competitive element for sustainable aquaculture and environmental applications is also examined in detail.

     

卟啉及其衍生物的合成研究进展

卟啉及其金属配合物由于其结构的易修饰性和性质的可调控性成为常用的超分子骨架。从卟啉环合方法和卟啉取代基修饰两个方面综述了卟啉及其衍生物的合成研究进展;以卟啉经典合成方法为基础,介绍了各类复杂结构卟啉的合成条件及适用范围。     

A Centrifugation-based Method for Preparation of Gold Nanoparticles and its Application in Biodetection

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have found widespread applications in life sciences. While synthesis of monodispersed AuNPs has been fairly convenient by using chemical reduction of chloroauric acid by sodium citrate, we found that AuNPs of high quality and high concentrations were not readily obtained via this method. As an example, we showed that monodispersed 13-nm AuNPs were readily synthesized at relatively low concentrations (e.g. 3.5 nM); in contrast, 13-nm AuNPs of 17 nM obtained by the direct reduction method were irregularly shaped and not well dispersed. In this work, we demonstrated that AuNPs of high concentration could be prepared by a two-step approach, i.e. chemical reduction at low concentrations and subsequent centrifugation. Compared to the direct reduction method, this new two-step method led to AuNPs with high salt resistance and high stability, which are essential for the preparation of DNA-AuNPs conjugates for DNA biodetection.     

Recent Advances in Two-Photon AIEgens and Their Application in Biological Systems

Two-photon fluorescence imaging technology has the advantages of high light stability, little light damage, and high spatiotemporal resolution, which make it a powerful biological analysis method. However, due to the high concentration or aggregation state of traditional organic light-emitting molecules, the fluorescence intensity is easily reduced or disappears completely, and is not conducive to optimal application. The concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) provides a solution to the problem of aggregation-induced luminescence quenching (ACQ), and realizes the high fluorescence quantum yield of luminescent molecules in the aggregation state. In addition, two-photon absorption properties can readily be improved just by increasing the loading content of AIE fluorogen (AIEgen). Therefore, the design and preparation of two-photon fluorescence probes based on AIEgen to achieve high-efficiency fluorescence imaging in vitro/in vivo has become a major research hotspot. This review aims to summarize representative two-photon AIEgens based on triphenylamine, tetraphenylethene, quinoline, naphthalene and other new structures from the past five years, and discuss their great potential in bioimaging applications.