起伏振动状态下倾斜管气液两相流型实验研究

在起伏振动状态下对倾斜管内气液两相流进行了实验研究。将振动装置与两相流实验回路相结合,改变管道倾角和振动频率、振幅,分析其对流型转变的影响。研究发现振动条件下的流型与稳态下相比有较大区别,通过对流型分类发现两种新流型为珠状流、起伏弹状流。绘制流型转换边界图结果表明,倾角的增加使起伏弹状流在流型图中的区域扩张,其他流型的区域相对减小。振动频率和振幅对流型转换边界的影响相似,振动频率和振幅增加会使珠状流和准弹状流区域有所增加。3种变化因素中振动频率对流型转变的影响最大。     

竖直和倾斜条件下气-液两相流型转变研究

以去离子水和空气为两相介质,研究了竖直和倾斜条件下气-液两相流型,发现通道内存在弥散泡状流、泡状流、弹状流、搅拌流和环状流5种流型。通过对流型间转变特性的机理分析,构建了竖直和倾斜条件下各流型的转变准则,与实验数据进行了对比,符合很好。     

摇摆对水平管内气液两相流流型的影响

本文对水平放置在摇摆台架,随台架做偏离水平位置的左右往复运动的管内空气-水两相流流型进行了实验研究.实验发现,低流速时,摇摆状态下水平管内流动变得很小稳定,流型发生周期性的改变:当水平管处于倾斜向上或倾斜向下状态时,管内流型分别有些近似于非摇摆的稳态倾斜上升或倾斜下降管内流型,并且流型转变要经历一个发展的过程,发展快慢与气相和液相流速大小有关;而在高液相或高气相流速时,摇摆状态下与非摇摆稳定状态下的两相流流型相近,主要有泡状流、间歇流(弹状流和准弹流)和环状流.根据可视观察以及气液界面在一个摇摆周期内的整体特征和部分时间段的局部特征,定义了不同流动条件下气液两相流的流型,给出了摇摆状态下水平管内气液两相流流型图.     

摇摆对气-液两相流流型及空泡份额的影响

对摇摆状态下竖直上升管内气-液两相流的流型及空泡份额变化进行了实验和理论研究.研究发现,摇摆使两相流的流型发生改变,使泡状流提前转变为弹状流,使搅混流的区域加宽.实验还发现,在弹状流型区摇摆状态下两相流的空泡份额小于非摇摆状态下的空泡份额.通过对两相流滑速比的分析并应用分相流的动量方程,合理解释了产生这种结果的原因.     

含内热源有序饱和多孔介质通道内蒸汽-水两相流型可视化实验研究

采用均一球体形成多孔介质通道,通过高速摄像系统获得了多孔介质通道内两相流动影像数据,识别出多孔介质通道内蒸汽-水两相流动流型存在形式,并研究了部分参数对流型转变的影响规律。结果表明,多孔介质通道内的汽-液两相流型有泡状流、泡状-弹状混合流、弹状流、弹状-环状混合流以及环状流5种;随着入口过冷度的增加,泡状流向过渡流转变以及过渡流向环状流转变时所对应的汽相表观速度呈现出逐渐增大的趋势;随着压力的升高,泡状流向过渡流转变以及过渡流向环状流转变时所对应的汽相表观速度呈现出逐渐减小的趋势。      

垂直上升矩形流道内气液两相流流型图的数值模拟

两相流流型在分析换热、流动不稳定性以及临界热流密度方面具有基础性作用.本文基于VOF(Volume of Fluid)多相流模型,对垂直上升矩形流道内气液两相流动进行数值模拟,表观气速0.1～110 m/s,表观液速0.1～3.2 m/s.得到了流道内气液两相流的主要流型:泡状流、弹状流、搅混流和环状流,分析了流道内截面含气率分布与流型的对应关系,以及截面含气率与气液两相流容积含气率的关系;分析了各种流型下的压降分布特性,并绘制了基于气液表观动能通量的不同流量下气液两相流的流型图,直观的表示出各种流型的分布区域及各流型间的流型转换边界,与已发表文献的实验结果对比符合较好.     

文丘里气泡发生器内气液两相流流型及压降实验研究

针对一类文丘里气泡发生器内气液两相流动的流型及压降开展了实验研究。通过可视化实验观测区分了气泡发生器内3种基本流型,包括泡状流、弹状流和柱状流。实验发现,随着两相流从弹状流转变为柱状流,气泡发生器内压降迅速增大。通过对压力信号的时频分析,证明气泡发生器出口位置最有利于压力信号的在线监测。从压力信号中提取了与流型转变紧密相关的概率密度函数相对峰度和功率谱密度差异系数,并分别应用于弹状流-柱状流和泡状流-弹状流流型转变的识别。由于已有的压降模型无法准确预测文丘里气泡发生器的整体压降,为此本研究提出了新的压降预测方法。新关联式考虑了气泡发生器内部分单液相流过程以及流型转变对压降预测的影响,预测值与实验测量结果吻合较好,相对均方根偏差约为10.74%。     

非线性振动下水平通道内气液两相流动研究

在地震等行为产生的非线性振动下,两相流体会影响回路传热并对装置结构进行冲击,因此对气液界面行为的把握对核安全具有十分重要的意义。本文通过将振动装置与两相流实验回路相结合的方法,对非线性振动下水平通道内气液两相流问题进行了实验研究。基于FLUENT平台,结合动网格模型及UDF编程手段建立了数学模型,并对数学模型进行验证。研究结果表明：模拟结果与实验结果具有很好的一致性;振动工况下气液两相流动形式不同于稳态工况,会出现更复杂的气液界面,主要流型有泡状流、弹状流、搅拌流、波状流及环状流;瞬时摩擦压降的波动幅度随振动幅度和频率的增大而增大,且与振动幅度相比,振动频率对其影响更大。     

非线性振动下水平通道内气液两相流动研究

在地震等行为产生的非线性振动下,两相流体会影响回路传热并对装置结构进行冲击,因此对气液界面行为的把握对核安全具有十分重要的意义。本文通过将振动装置与两相流实验回路相结合的方法,对非线性振动下水平通道内气液两相流问题进行了实验研究。基于FLUENT平台,结合动网格模型及UDF编程手段建立了数学模型,并对数学模型进行验证。研究结果表明:模拟结果与实验结果具有很好的一致性;振动工况下气液两相流动形式不同于稳态工况,会出现更复杂的气液界面,主要流型有泡状流、弹状流、搅拌流、波状流及环状流;瞬时摩擦压降的波动幅度随振动幅度和频率的增大而增大,且与振动幅度相比,振动频率对其影响更大。     

矩形窄缝通道内泡状流—弹状流流型转变准则研究

在两相流系统中,流型影响系统的摩擦阻力和传热等特性,准确判定不同流型对于两相流的计算具有重要意义。对于窄缝通道内的气液两相流动,特别是矩形窄缝通道内流型转变准则,已有学者进行了一定的实验研究,但由于实验装置及工况的限制,目前尚缺乏统一且适用性较广的流型转变准则,已有的基于矩形通道的流型判定准则适用性也有待于进一步评估。本文以空气-水为工质,对竖直矩形窄缝通道内泡状流-弹状流流型转变准则进行分析研究,基于1 168个流型实验数据,采用分界成功率对已有转变准则对于实验数据的适用性进行定量综合评价,并针对流型转变原理开展理论分析,引入无量纲数约束因子Co,建立考虑工质物性和流道尺寸、精度更高、适用范围更广的窄缝通道内泡状流-弹状流流型转变准则。本文结论可为反应堆换热元件和紧凑式换热器设计计算提供依据。     

Analysis of Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow Pattern Transition in Inclined Rising Pipe under Fluctuant Nonlinear Vibration Condition

The flow pattern and transition law of gas-liquid two-phase flow in inclined rising pipe under different fluctuant nonlinear vibration conditions were studied experimentally. The flow patterns of gas-liquid two-phase flow under fluctuant nonlinear vibration condition were identified by using high-speed camera. The results show that there are four kinds of patterns in inclined rising pipe with diffuse bubble flow, fluctuant slug flow, proto slug flow and liquid-ring annular flow. The mechanisms of the transition from diffuse bubble flow to fluctuant slug flow, proto slug flow to liquid-ring annular flow were derived, the vibration parameter was added on the basis of the steady state transition mechanism and the flow pattern transition formulae considering the vibration acceleration were established. The results show that the flow pattern transition formulae established in this paper agree well with the experimental results.     

Modeling of bubble shape in horizontal and inclined tubes

An experimental and theoretical study on the bubble shape of intermittent flow in the horizontal and inclined pipes has been carried out. The experiment results show that the bubble shape depends on the Froude number, bubble length and pipe inclination. The bubble with staircase pattern tail is observed at low Froude numbers, which is corresponding to plug flow. A model for the prediction of the bubble shape in horizontal and inclined pipes is proposed. The model is able to predict the bubble shape, flow pattern transition between plug and slug flow regimes as well as nose-tail inversion phenomenon observed in the downwardly inclined pipe. Validation shows the model can well predict the bubble shapes in horizontal and inclined pipes. The model discloses that the transition between plug and slug flow regimes occurs within a region. The Froude number range for plug flow regime in the downwardly inclined pipe is much wider than that in the horizontal or upwardly inclined pipe. The assumption of fully developed liquid film under the long bubbles tends to under-estimate the liquid fraction in this part of the slug structure, especially, for the intermittent flow in the upwardly inclined pipe with high Froude numbers.     

摇摆状态下气液两相流流型转变的实验研究

通过可视化观察和数码照片对摇摆状态下光滑有机玻璃管内气液两相流流型进行分类和定义,并分析了不同管径、摇摆角度以及摇摆周期对流型之间转变的影响.结果表明:在液相折算流速一样的情况下,管径增加、摇摆周期缩短或摇摆角度减小会使得环状流形成需要更高的气体折算流速;弹状流向搅混流转变所需气相流量则随着管径的减小、摇摆周期的增加或摇摆角度的减小而增加.而在气相折算流速一样的条件下,管径增加、摇摆周期缩短或摇摆角度增大会使泡状流产生需要更高的液相流量.     

基于WMS的无旋和螺旋气液两相流流型及空泡份额实验研究

为探究气液两相流流型从无旋状态转变为螺旋状态前后的流型特征及空泡份额时空分布特性,基于高速摄影仪和自主开发的丝网传感器（WMS）测量技术,对内径为30 mm的水平管内起旋装置作用下空气-水两相流的相态时空演变特性进行了可视化实验研究。结果表明,在起旋器诱导的离心力作用下,流场内存在明显的气泡聚并行为和液滴沉积现象,其中,泡状流将转变为螺旋气柱流,塞状流转变为螺旋间歇流,弹状流转变为螺旋环状流,环状流转变为螺旋丝带流;相比于弹状流和环状流,泡状流和塞状流的截面平均空泡份额在起旋器出口波动幅值明显减弱,但离心力场并未明显改变各流型从无旋状态转变为螺旋状态前后的截面平均空泡份额。      

通道尺寸对竖直向上气-水两相流流型影响实验研究

本文以空气和水为工质,对竖直向上矩形通道(40 mm×1.41 mm,40 mm×10 mm)和圆形通道(D=25 mm)内的两相流流型特性进行了可视化研究。气液两相的表观速度分别为：0.03～24.71 m/s和0.03～3.73 m/s。3个实验段内均出现了泡状流、弹状流、搅混流和环状流4种流型,40 mm×10 mm和圆形通道中流型特征较为接近,与40 mm×1.41 mm通道中流型相比存在明显差别。此外,绘制出了3种通道详细的流型图。对比结果显示,矩形通道窄边宽度对流型转变有显著的影响,随着矩形通道窄边宽度的增加,其流型转变边界更加趋近于圆形通道。     

空气-水在垂直非圆截面通道内流型研究

采用可视化方法研究了水力直径分别为15mm和10mm的两种正方形截面、14.43mm的三角形截面以及14mm的圆形截面通道内空气-水垂直上升流动,表观气速0.04～80m/s,表观水速0.001～6m/s.观察到了泡状流、弹状流、块状流、环状流和弥散泡状流等常见流型.此外,在表观气速很大而表观水速很小时,在非圆截面通道内发现了爬动流,证实了非圆截面直通道内存在"二次流"现象,且对气-液两相流动的相分布有较大影响,证明截面形状对两相流流型及其转变具有重要影响.由实验得到了流型转变界限,并首次获得了包括爬动流的两相流流型图.比较本文的实验结果及与前人的研究结果对比发现,水力直径的大小对两相流流型的转变具有一定影响.     

Distribution of void fraction for gas-liquid slug flow in an inclined pipe

In order to investigate the effect of inclination angle on the spatial distribution of phases,experiments on gas-liquid two-phase slug flow in an inclined pipe were carried out by using the optical probe and an EKTAPRO 1000 high speed motion analyzer.It has been demonstrated that the inclination angle and the mixture velocity are important parameters to influence the distribution of void fraction for upward slug flow in the inclined pipe.At high mixture velocity,the gas phase profile is axial symmetry in the cross-section of the pipe.This is similar to that for vertical slug flow.In contrast.most of the gas phase is located near the upper pipe wall at low mixture velocity.By measuring the axial variation of void fraction along the liquid slug.it can be concluded that there is a high void fraction wake region with length of 3-4D in the front of liquid slug.In the fully developed zone of liquid slug.the peak value of the void fraction is near the upper wall.     

Measurement of void fraction in bubbly-slug flow with a constant electric current method

In several void fraction measurement methods, a constant electric current method which is one of conductance methods is focused in the present study. By using this method, void fraction can be measured with higher temporal resolution. However, it has been mainly applied to annular flow in previous studies. In the present study, Maxwell's estimation, Bruggemann's estimation, low void fraction approximation and new estimations which consider the bubble shape are applied in order to measure more accurately void fraction of dispersed bubbly flow and slug flow. To understand the effect of bubble shapes and flow patterns, void fraction was measured by the constant electric current method for a rising single spherical bubble and a rising single slug bubble without a forced convection. In addition, void fraction was also measured in bubbly flow and bubbly-slug flow with a forced convection. Then, effects of flow patterns on the proposed estimations of void fraction and the accuracy of their estimations were discussed with the measurement results. From the result, the new estimations which consider a bubble shape are more accurate than the previous estimation in a slug bubble and bubbly-slug flow.