Effect of strontium on crystallization of Mg2Si phase in Al—Si—Mg casting alloys

Otical microscope and SEM were used to observe the changes of the microstructure of Al-11.6%Si-0.4% Mg alloys with varying strontium additions and the effect of strontium on the crystallization of Mg2Si phase was discussed.It is found that Mg2Si phase nucleastes on the the surfaces of the eutectic silicon flakes in the unfully modified alloys,growing as meshwork or bamboo-shoot shape,however,very few and fine Mg2Si particles phase are isolated at the boundaries of the eurectic cells in the fully modified alloys.Strontium has an important influence on the crystallization of Mg2Si phase in the Al-Si-Mg casting alloys and it is thought to be related to the increase of the amunt of dendritic αphase and the modifying degree of eutectic silicon phase.     

Fabrication of ceramic layer on an Al-Si alloy by MAO process

The MAO (Micro-Arc Oxidation) process is applied to a eutectic Al-Si alloy (Al-12.0%Si-1.0%Cu-0.9%Mg (mass fraction)). The oxide ceramic layer was fabricated with about 220 (J.m thickness and 3000 Hv micro-hardness. By XRD (X-ray diffractometry) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analyses, the oxide layer consists of amorphous A12O3, which is distinct from the results reported by the other researchers. The SEM photographs of such layer show that the layer is fixed tightly on the substrate alloy. So this alloy can be used in the high temperature and friction environment after it is treated with such process.     

Effects of Si Content and the Addition Amount of Al-3B Master Alloy on the Solidification Structures of Hypoeutectic Al-Si Alloys

Al-Si based cast alloys have become morewidely used in atomobile and aerospace indus-try due to their excellent proPerties, such as highstrength to density ratios, high castability andmachinability and much attention has been fo-cused on this area. Since the discovery [l1 thatAl-4B master alloy could be used to refine A356alloy effectively this phenomenon has arousedmuch attenton and discussion among many in-vestigators [2--13]. Wth resPect to the role thatAl-B tyPe master alloy has played …     

Effects of electromagnetic stirring on microstructures of solidified aluminum alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONPractically ,mechanicalstirringandelectromag neticstirring (EMS)arewidelyusedtogenerateforcedflowinsolidificationandcastingofmetalsandalloys,resultingin greatchangesofthesolidifiedstructures,segregationsand propertiesofthecast ings .Muchattentionhasbeenpaidtosolidificationofdendriticalloyssuperposedwithforcedflow ,andmanypreviousworkshavebeenfocusedontheeffectsoffluidflowonthestructuraltransitions,suchascolumnar equiaxedtransitions(CET)ormacro segre gationinthealloys[13] .…     

Microstructural evolution of direct chill cast Al-15.5Si-4Cu-1Mg-1Ni-0.5Cr alloy during solution treatment

Heat treatment has important influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloys. The most common used heat treatment method for these alloys is solution treatment followed by age-hardening. This paper investigates the microstructural evolution of a direct chill (DC) cast Al-15.5Si-4Cu-1Mg-1Ni-0.5Cr alloy after solution treated at 500, 510, 520 and 530℃, respectively for different times. The major phases observed in the as-cast alloy are α-aluminum dendrite, primary Si particle, eutectic Si, Al7Cu4Ni, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, Al15(Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu)4Si2 and Al2Cu. The Al2Cu phase dissolves completely after being solution treated for 2 h at 500℃, while the eutectic Si, Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and Al15(Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu)4Si2 phases are insoluble. In addition, the Al7Cu4Ni phase is substituted by the Al3CuNi phase. The α-aluminum dendrite network disappears when the solution temperature is increased to 530℃. Incipient melting of the Al2Cu-rich eutectic mixture occurrs at 520℃, and melting of the Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 and Al3CuNi phases is observed at a solution temperature of 530℃. The void formation of the structure and deterioration of the mechanical properties are found in samples solution treated at 530℃.     

超声半固态流变挤压成形Al-20Si-2Cu-0.4Mg-1Ni合金的组织特征(英文)

通过超声振动半固态流变挤压铸造工艺制造汽车空调压缩机铝硅合金斜盘零件,研究合金的组织特征。发现在Al20Si2Cu0.4Mg1Ni合金的组织中,除了通常具有的初晶Si和α(Al)+β-Si共晶相之外,还有非平衡α(Al)颗粒或枝晶。挤压铸造过程中的较快的冷却速度而非压力是非平衡α(Al)相形成的主要原因。在半固态浆料的制备过程中,超声振动的声压作用能促进非平衡α(Al)相在共晶温度以上生成,并生长为非枝晶颗粒。超声处理的过共晶AlSi合金中的非平衡α(Al)相由共晶温度以上生成的圆形α(Al)晶粒和少量共晶温度以下生成的细小α(Al)枝晶构成。由于超声振动的作用使α(Al)基体中的Si的固溶度增加,并使初晶Si的形成温度降低,组织中初晶Si颗粒的体积分数显著降低。流变挤压斜盘中的初晶Si颗粒的平均直径和体积率分别为24.3μm和11.1%。     

Sr对Mg-4%Si合金中Mg2Si的变质作用

研究Sr对过共晶Mg-4%Si（质量分数）合金中Mg2Si相的变质作用与机理。Mg-4%Si合金中存在多面体形初生Mg2Si相与汉字状共晶Mg2Si相。添加Al-10%Sr可以明显细化初生Mg2Si相,同时可以将共晶Mg2Si相由汉字状变质为多面体状或者纤维状。对初生Mg2Si相的细化作用主要是由凝固过程中含Sr颗粒的异质形核作用引起的,而对共晶Mg2Si相的变质作用是由在凝固过程中熔体中的Sr原子在Mg2Si晶体生长表面富集,从而改变了其生长优势所致的。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of hypereutectic Al–Si (A390) alloy with addition of Mg

This paper presents the thermodynamic evaluation of A390 hypereutectic Al–Si alloy (Al–17% Si–4.5% Cu–0.5% Mg) and alloys up to 10% Mg, using the Factsage® software. Two critical compositions were detected at 4.2% and 7.2% Mg where the temperatures of the liquidus, the start of the binary and of the ternary eutectic reaction are changed. These critical compositions show differences in the formation of Mg₂Si intermetallic particles during the solidification interval. For compositions up to 4.2% Mg, the Mg₂Si intermetallic phase first appears in the ternary eutectic zone. With Mg contents between 4.2% and 7.2%, Mg₂Si particle appears in both the binary and ternary eutectic reactions. Above 7.2% Mg, it solidifies as a primary phase and also during the binary and ternary reactions. The calculated liquid fraction vs. temperature curves also showed a decrease of the eutectic formation temperature (knee point temperature) with the addition of Mg content up to 4.2% Mg. This temperature becomes almost constant up to 10% Mg. The calculation of eutectic formation temperature shows a good agreement with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests.     

Al-Si合金熔体热处理的结构转变

用示差扫描量热分析了Al-Si合金温度处理的熔体结构变化规律及结构变化温度。结果表明,在升温阶段的Al-7%Si亚共晶、Al-12%Si共晶及Al-20%Si过共晶合金的熔体中均存在额外的热效应,范围均在798～850℃之间,额外热效应温度范围与含硅量无关,结构转变焓值随合金的硅含量增加而增加,氢含量不影响结构转变的温度;而在降温过程中仅在Al-20%Si过共晶合金中发现了额外热效应,额外热效应的出现及温度范围取决于降温速度。分析认为,升温阶段的额外热效应体现了Al的熔体结构变化,降温阶段的额外热效应与熔体中的Si-Si原子团簇的行为有关。     

Al-5Ti-1B和Al-P中间合金对Al-Si合金的联合变质作用

研究了Al-5Ti-1B和Al-P中间合金对Al-Si活塞合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明，加入0．2％Al-5Ti-1B中间合金能使经Al-P中间合金变质过的ZL109合金的共晶团和初晶硅进一步细化，抗拉强度也明显提高。随着Al-5Ti-1B加入的增加这种细化作用逐渐减小，当Al-5Ti-1B的加入量为2％时甚至使ZL109中的初晶硅变粗，抗拉强度也随之降低。     

常压及高压凝固Al-Mg及Al-Mg-Zn合金中Al相的固溶体结构

采用X射线衍射仪、能谱仪和透射电镜分别对Al-9.6%Mg合金、Al-11Mg-4.5Zn合金和Al-17Zn-1.5Mg合金常压及6 GPa高压凝固后Al相的固溶体结构进行研究。结果表明:6GPa高压凝固后,Al-9.6%Mg合金中Mg在Al相中的固溶度显著增大;在Al-11Mg-4.5Zn合金和Al-17Zn-1.5Mg合金中,Mg、Zn溶质在Al相中的固溶度均增大,但Zn比Mg固溶的比例要大得多。在常压凝固条件下,与纯铝相比,3种合金中Al相的晶格常数均增大。与常压凝固相比,高压凝固Al-9.6Mg合金和Al-11Mg-4.5Zn中Al相晶格常数分别增大了1.178%和0.220%;在Al-17Zn-1.5Mg合金中,Al相晶格常数变化很小。此外,在Al-Mg-Zn合金中,原子半径较大的Mg固溶到Al相中,导致其晶格常数增大,原子半径较小的Zn固溶到Al相中,导致其晶格常数减小,且高压凝固后,溶质的原子半径越小,在Al相中固溶的比例越大。     

Effect of a grain refiner cum modifier on mechanical properties of Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys

This study evaluates the influence of grain refiners/modifiers on the mechanical properties of the Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys with an experiment of quantitative and qualitative correlations with the microstructure. Modification of Al-Si alloys with strontium additions and grain refinement with Al-Ti, Al-B and Al-T-B master alloy additions are demonstrated to be efficient on Al-Si alloys. A single master alloy with combined additions of Sr and Ti and/or B was prepared and the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that boron rich (Al-3B-Sr and Al-1Ti-3B-Sr) master alloys are more efficient than Ti rich (Al-3Ti-Sr and Al-5Ti-1B-Sr) master alloys considering their combined grain refinement and modification effect on Al-7Si and Al-11Si alloys. However, the presence of Sr does not influence the grain refinement. Similarly, presence of grain refiner does not influence the modification of eutectic Si.     

Mg元素对强流脉冲电子束改性后Al-20Si合金表面微观组织及性能的影响

目的通过添加Mg元素改善Al-20Si合金的组织,提升其表面力学性能。方法运用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、显微硬度计及多功能材料表面性能试验仪等一系列检测手段,考察Mg元素对强流脉冲电子束改性Al-20Si合金表面效果的影响,及合金表面微观组织和表面力学性能的变化。结果 Mg元素能与硅相形成更细小的Mg_2Si相来细化初生硅相,同时可改善强流脉冲电子束处理后铝硅合金表面产生的微裂纹。材料表面经强流脉冲电子束改性后,所有的衍射峰发生了宽化及偏移。两组合金铝基体的显微硬度随着脉冲数的增加而逐渐递增,Al-20Si合金铝基体的显微硬度由745.5MPa增加到2170.7MPa,Al-20Si-5Mg合金的铝基体显微硬度由1061.3 MPa增加到2403.6 MPa,Mg元素的添加可提高Al-20Si合金的硬度。另外,通过往复摩擦试验发现,Mg元素及强流脉冲电子束都能提高材料的耐磨性。结论 Mg元素能改善强流脉冲电子束处理后Al-20Si合金表面的微观组织,添加Mg元素后,Al-20Si合金表面的力学性能得到提高。     

单向凝固中温度梯度和凝固速度对铝硅合金共晶生长形态的影响

对Al-13Si-0.2Sr-0.35Mg合金进行了一系列单向凝固实验,研究了界面前沿温度梯度GL和生长速度R对铝硅合金共晶生长形态的影响。结果表明,GL和R对Sr变质的非小面-小面Al-Si体系共晶生长的影响符合界面稳定性理论,随着R的增大和GL的减小,界面前沿成分过冷变大,共晶体生长形貌经历了从平界面失稳到胞状晶、胞状树枝晶、柱状树枝晶和等轴晶转变。     

稀土Sm对Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金微观组织的影响

采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)等研究不同含量稀土Sm对Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金微观组织的影响。结果表明:添加Sm元素之后,合金的二次枝晶间距相比基础合金的明显减小;稀土Sm可以显著细化片层状的共晶硅,Sm元素主要形成Al2Si2Sm相。从能量角度,Sm可优先与P形成SmP相,可能会抑制AlP相的形成,减弱其促进共晶硅形核的效能。随着Sm元素含量的增加,Al-Si共晶反应的过冷度逐渐增大。     

Effect of Ce on solidification and mechanical properties of A360 alloy

The effect of Ce addition on the AA A360 (Al-10%Si-0.5%Mg) alloy was investigated using equilibrium thermodynamic calculation, thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The purpose is to study the variations that occur during solidification and precipitation with different Ce additions, as well as their effect on the mechanical properties. The results show that the Ce addition decreases the eutectic (α_Al + Mg₂Si) temperature. The solidus temperature also decreases with the increasing Ce addition. The precipitation enthalpy determined using DSC decreases with the Ce addition, while precipitation takes place more rapidly and intensively, indicating increased reaction kinetics. The mechanical properties like hardness and tensile strength also increase with the Ce addition. The phase that contributed to the hardness of the investigated alloy was composed of Al, Ce, Mg and Si.     

Back Matter

The present work was performed on twenty-one alloys containing Al-11.5 wt% Si, with magnesium (Mg) in the range of 0.1–0.4 wt%, and copper (Cu) in the range of 1.0–3.0 wt%. Fluidity measurements and thermal analysis for each of these alloy melts were carried out. The alloys were cast in the form of tensile test bars. The test bars were solution heat treated at a temperature of ~500°C for 8h, then quenched in hot water (60°C), followed by artificial ageing at 155°C for 5 h, and then cooling in air. The effects of Mg and Cu additions on the tensile properties, depression in the Al-Si eutectic temperature, and microstructural characteristics (Si and Cu-phase particle characteristics and morphology) have been discussed in detail. The results show that the addition of Mg decreases the fluidity and the eutectic Si temperature. While addition of Cu also decreases the eutectic temperature, the fluidity, however, is increased. The presence of Mg and Cu decreases the modifying effect of Sr on the Si particles due to an increase in the solidification time, as well as the Sr, Mg, Cu interactions that occurs as a result of these additions. Mg additions in the range of 0.1–0.4 wt% increase YS (from 22% up to 94%) and UTS (from 7% up to 52%) and decrease the percent elongation (40%) depending on the Cu content of the alloy, i.e., the higher the Cu content, the lower the increase in strength. Addition of Cu has a similar effect on YS and UTS at alloy Mg levels of 0.1 wt% only, with no effect at higher Mg values, while elongation continuously decreases. The volume fraction of Al₂Cu phase increases by approximately 0.76% for every 1 wt% increase in Cu. This observation is important in the selection of the appropriate solution heat treatment regime in order to avoid incipient melting.     

Sr,B添加对Al-15.5%Si合金中共晶团尺寸的影响

考察了Sr,B及Sr＋B联合作用对Al-15．5％Si（质量分数）合金中共晶团尺寸大小的影响．实验结果表明,随合金中Sr量增加,共晶团尺寸呈减少的趋势,冷却速度对共晶团的影响也很显著;在Sr变质的合金中加入B,共晶团尺寸先显著下降,随B量增加降低幅度趋于平缓;在未变质的Al-15.5％Si合金中单独加B,共晶硅由粗大的片状变为细长的层片状,层片间距明显降低．分析认为,合金中加入Sr,导致共晶过冷度增大,因而共晶团形核驱动力增大促使共晶团细化;合金中加入B,增加了共晶团有效形核基底的数量促使共晶团显著细化．