瓦面凹槽结构参数对可倾瓦推力轴承润滑性能的影响

为了研究瓦面凹槽对可倾瓦推力轴承润滑性能改善的优势,在瓦块进油边设计一种圆弧槽结构,建立考虑槽结构的可倾瓦推力轴承热动力润滑模型,分析不同槽深和槽半径对轴承性能的影响规律。结果表明:在瓦块进油边开槽可以改善轴承润滑性能,与不开槽相比,油膜厚度和瓦块的进油流量增加,油膜温度降低;当槽深达到一定值后,油膜温升增大;推力轴承润滑性能随着槽半径增加而变差,轴承各性能参数随槽深的增加表现出极值特性;最优开槽参数为(1.2～1.5,1),该参数下轴承最小油膜厚度比无槽轴承的增加约10%,最大油膜温度降低约3℃。     

高速重载静压推力轴承润滑性能研究

以某高速重载数控5m立车的环形腔静压推力轴承为对象,对其润滑性能进行了研究,推导出静压承载力与油膜厚度的关系式。依据计算流体力学（CFD）理论,采用ANSYS ICEM CFD和ANSYS CFX软件对环形腔静压推力轴承内部流体压力场、温度场和速度场进行了仿真计算,通过改变油膜厚度实现对工作台承载变化的研究,得到了不同油膜厚度时压力场、温度场和速度场的变化规律,实现了高速重载静压推力轴承润滑性能预测。     

弹性模量对塑料瓦推力轴承润滑性能的影响

弹性金属塑料瓦(EMP瓦)压缩弹性模量是一复合弹性模量,并不像金属材料那样是一个常数,而是随压力增大而逐渐增大。结合"三峡推力轴承方案"中EMP瓦推力轴承数据,从理论上计算了EMP瓦压缩弹性模量的变化对推力轴承润滑性能的影响,从而对EMP瓦压缩弹性模量允许的变化范围有所了解。计算结果表明:压缩弹性模量的变化对最小油膜厚度、最高油膜温度和最大压力有一定的影响,而对功耗影响不大。     

利用边界层理论确定弹性金属塑料瓦油膜能量方程的进油温度边界条件

针对推力轴承的基本结构,利用边界层理论确定弹性金属塑料瓦（EMP瓦）油膜能量方程的进油温度边界条件,结合“三峡推力轴承方案”中EMP瓦推力轴承数据,分析考虑热边界层对进油温度影响时,EMP瓦推力轴承润滑性能的变化情况。计算结果表明：考虑热边界层对进油温度的影响时,进油平均温度和最高油膜温度均有所升高,最大压力也有所增加,最小油膜厚度、流量及功耗都有所下降,说明热边界层对推力轴承的润滑性能产生了一定的影响。     

扇形推力轴瓦润滑性能的数值分析

采用数值分析方法研究了重型机械装备中扇形推力轴瓦的润滑性能问题,计算了单个扇形推力轴瓦瓦面的油膜形状性能、油膜压力和油膜温度的分布规律,以及功率损失和流量等参数。对不同工况下扇形推力轴瓦润滑参数进行计算,可以实现扇形推力轴瓦润滑性能的预报,计算结果可供扇形推力轴瓦设计和润滑性能研究作参考。     

表面波纹度对油水两相润滑轧机油膜轴承弹流润滑的影响

以轧机油膜轴承为研究对象,建立油水两相流的弹流润滑模型,利用多重网格法及Fortran程序分析表面波纹度对轧机油膜轴承润滑性能的影响。结果表明:表面波纹度对轧机油膜轴承润滑性能的影响不可忽略,并且是不利的;考虑波纹度后,接触中心区产生明显的波动现象,最大压力增大,最小膜厚减小,润滑性能减弱;随着表面波纹度幅值和波长的增加,接触区波动幅度更加显著;在一定范围内随着油水两相流体中含水量的增加,压力增大,膜厚增加,润滑能力增强。     

线支承扇形瓦推力轴承热动力润滑性能分析

建立了线支承扇形瓦推力轴承中油膜压力、油膜厚度、能量方程和粘温方程等的无量纲表达式，研究了各种刮瓦形式和支承线的倾斜度对推力轴承的油有膜厚度分布和温度分布的影响，研究表明，对于可倾瓦来说，各种刮瓦形式并不能有效降低润滑油的温升，不会明显改善推力轴承的润滑性能；推力轴承在经过长期运行后，推力瓦块支承线因受压缩将会向内倾斜，瓦块外半径处沿圆周方向上的油膜厚度显著减小，从而使润滑油温升大大提高，明显降低了推力轴承的润滑性能。     

基于双向流固耦合理论的可倾瓦推力轴承润滑性能研究

以双向流固耦合理论为基础,运用CFD技术对某蓄能机组推力轴承进行数值模拟,研究瓦面位置参数及材料对轴承润滑性能的影响。结果表明, 瓦面倾角增大,油膜压力及承载增加,且压力中心区沿镜板旋转方向及瓦面径向外侧偏移;油膜间隙减小,压力及承载均增加。弹性模量减小,轴瓦压力梯度变缓,且压力极值中心向瓦侧边缘移动,因而适当降低轴瓦弹性模量,能够有效减少瓦面高压集中区域,提高轴承使用寿命。     

舰船推力轴承润滑特性分析

针对舰船推力装置,以米歇尔型推力滑动轴承为研究对象,通过理论计算与仿真分析,着重研究载荷和转速对轴承润滑性能的影响,并且通过实验验证油膜温度、压力与油膜厚度的变化趋势与仿真分析的结果比较基本一致,验证了理论模型的准确性。     

表面粗糙度对圆柱滚子轴承弹流润滑性能的影响

为了揭示表面粗糙度对圆柱滚子轴承线接触稳态弹流润滑性能的影响,本文建立了具有表面粗糙度的圆柱滚子轴承弹流润滑模型,并推导出了摩擦系数方程;采用有限差分法求解了圆柱滚子轴承的弹流润滑性能,并分析了余弦粗糙度幅值、波长和纹理角度对圆柱滚子轴承弹流润滑性能的影响.数值结果表明:随着粗糙度幅值的增大,油膜厚度和油膜压力在粗糙度波峰波谷处的波动增大;随着粗糙度波长的增大,油膜厚度逐渐减小,油膜压力的波动逐渐减小;横向粗糙度更有利于提高承载能力,降低摩擦系数.因此,在合理的范围内增加粗糙度的幅度和波长,采用交叉纹理,有利于提高圆柱滚子轴承的弹流润滑性能.     

Analyse théorique et expérimentale des effets thermiques dans les butées hydrodynamiques à géométrie fixe

Theoretical and experimental analysis of thermal effects in fixed geometry thrust bearings. This paper deals with both theoretical and experimental analyses of thermal phenomena in thrust bearings. The test allowed us to measure the pressure and the temperature fields and the minimal film thickness separating the two surfaces in relative motion. The experimental data are obtained on a hydrodynamic thrust bearing with eight fixed pads. The influence of operating conditions (applied load and rotational speed) on the thrust bearing performance is also analysed. The numerical simulation is done using a thermohydrodynamic computer code taking into account the local thermal effects.     

Experiments on thermal effects in a hydrodynamic thrust bearing

The objective of this work is to analyse the characteristics of a fixed-geometry thrust bearing in typical operating conditions and to give experimental results in order to validate future thermohydrodynamic models. The influence of the applied load, the rotational speed and the feeding temperature on the thrust bearing performance is presented and discussed.     

可倾瓦推力轴承在工况参数变化下的瞬态润滑性能研究

建立可倾瓦推力轴承中的油膜厚度方程、瞬态油膜压力方程、瞬态油膜温度方程以及求解油膜力和瓦块力矩的数学模型 ,提出基本方程的数值求解过程 ,研究可倾瓦推力轴承变转速下的瞬态润滑性能。     

基于CFD的水轮发电机组推力轴承油膜温度研究

为研究某水轮发电机组推力轴承的油膜润滑及冷却情况,建立推力轴承数值模拟计算模型,分析轴承温度和压力分布,基于流固耦合方法计算轴瓦变形情况。结果表明：该推力轴承轴瓦变形量极小,可以忽略其对轴承安全运行的影响;但该推力轴承在轴瓦外径处最大温度已超出安全运行范围,而且高温区域面积较大,影响轴承安全运行。基于正交试验方法,分析主要运行参数对推力轴承温度的影响程度。结果表明：进油压力对轴承温度影响最大,其次是进油温度,镜板转速对轴承温度的影响很小;随着润滑油进油压力和进油温度增加,推力轴瓦温度会随之上升,而随着镜板转速的增加,推力轴瓦温升减小。通过极差分析得到推力轴承最优工况组合,对于水轮发电机组的安全稳定运行有着一定的指导意义。     

Three-Dimensional Thermohydrodynamic Analyses of Rayleigh Step Air Foil Thrust Bearing with Radially Arranged Bump Foils

A three-dimensional (3D) thermohydrodynamic (THD) model for air foil thrust bearings (AFTBs) is presented. The nonisothermal Reynolds equation is solved using pressure boundary conditions at the cooling air plenum considering local temperature-dependent viscosity and density. Air film temperature is calculated using the 3D energy equation with thermal boundary conditions at the top foil, thrust runner, and top foil’s leading edge. The cooling air plenum distributes the cooling air to multiple radially arranged cooling channels. The plenum temperature and pressure are found from mass and energy balance equations applied to the plenum. Temperature fields of the top foil, bump foils, thrust disc runner, bearing plate, and cooling air channels are also solved through appropriate energy balance equations with their surroundings. A robust computational algorithm with multiple iteration loops was developed to find all the temperature fields. THD analyses were performed for AFTB with outer radius of 50 mm up to 100,000 rpm. As the cooling air source pressure is increased, the plenum pressure also increases and its temperature decreases due to more cooling capacity. However, cooling effectiveness is not necessarily proportional to the pressure because the flow residence time inside the cooling channels is inversely proportional to the pressure. The analyses show that the thrust disc temperature is a parabolic function with speed, and thermal expansions of the thrust disc and thrust plates contribute to the most significant driving force of thermal instability. Optimum cooling air pressure was found around 12,500 Pa for the proposed AFTB design at the reference simulation condition.     

Aeration effects on the performance of a turbocharger journal bearing

Turbocharger bearings have to work under high temperature, and are moreover rotated at high speed. They have to be designed by overcoming the high temperature. The type of oil inlet port, the inlet oil temperature and the sort of engine oil should be designed, controlled and selected carefully in order to reduce the bearing's inner temperature. In this study, the influence of aerated oil on a high-speed journal bearing is also examined by using the classical thermohydrodynamic lubrication theory coupled with analytical models for viscosity and density of an air–oil mixture in a fluid-film bearing. Convection to the walls and mixing with supply oil and re-circulating oil are considered. The considered parameters for the study of bubbly lubrication are the oil inlet port's type, oil aeration level and shaft speed. It is found that the type of oil inlet ports and shaft speed play important roles in determining the temperature and pressure distribution, and the friction in a journal bearing at high-speed operation. Also, the results show that, under extremely high shaft speed, the high shear effects on aerated oil and the high-temperature effects cancel out each other. So, the bearing load and friction show almost no difference between aerated oil and pure oil.     

导轴承性能热流体动力分析

建立了导轴承性能热流体动力分析的数学模型,应用有限元法对表示油膜压力的Reynolds方程及表示油膜温度的Energy方程和表示温度和粘度关系的粘温方程进行了联立求解,获得了多瓦导轴承的瓦块压力分布,温度分布及其它轴承静态和动态参数.并根据这些参数对多瓦导轴承的性能作了分析,其结果对该轴承设计具有一定的指导作用,并对运行过程具有预测作用.     

Centrifugal effects on the thermohydrodynamic performance of circular pad thrust bearings

The thermohydrodynamic performance of a thrust bearing with circular pads is analysed taking into consideration the three-dimensional variation in lubricant viscosity. The effect of centrifugal forces is included. A Reynolds' equation incorporating centrifugal forces is derived for the thermohydrodynamic case. The system of equations is solved by a finite difference method. The results show that at the upper limits of laminar operation centrifugal forces alter considerably the load, the frictional force and the lubricant inflow. They might either overestimate or underestimate the bearing performance characteristic, depending on the pad's geometry and the operating conditions of the bearing.     

可倾瓦推力轴承在变载荷下的瞬态润滑性能研究

建立了可倾瓦推力轴承中的油膜厚度方程、瞬态油膜压力方程、瞬态油膜温度方程以及求解油膜力和瓦块力矩的数学模型，提出了基本方程的数值求解过程，研究了可倾瓦推力轴承变载荷下的瞬态润滑性能。结果表明，随着载荷的增大，油膜厚度减小，油膜温升增大。在达到同样载荷时，对于较大的载荷变化率，其油膜温升反而较小。另外，随着载荷的增大，瓦块的倾角也．随之逐渐增大。