基于MC9S12XS128的智能型太阳能跟踪控制系统

太阳能光伏发电是有效利用太阳能的手段之一,目前太阳能光伏发电系统的转换效率都不高,如何提高太阳能光伏发电系统的转换效率是当前太阳能研究的热点,然而受材料、生产工艺以及成本等制约因素的影响,要提高太阳能电池的转换效率是一件很困难的事情,因此要提高太阳能光伏发电系统的光能利用率,可以使光伏发电系统的太阳能电池板与太阳光保持垂直,通过提高单位面积上照射在太阳能电池板上的太阳能来实现。文章介绍了一种智能型太阳能跟踪控制系统,能够有效地跟踪太阳光,使太阳光总是与太阳能电池板保持垂直,实时跟踪太阳能,使光伏发电系统工作在最大功率点,能够有效提高系统发电效率30%以上,该系统在提高太阳能光伏发电系统的光能利用率方面具有较强的实用价值和重要意义。     

基于最大功率跟踪的高效太阳能接收系统

随着化石燃料日渐枯竭,太阳能发电成为各国发展的重点。充分利用太阳能转化的电能是相关企业和科研人员关注的热点之一。该文设计了一款基于最大功率跟踪的高效太阳能接收系统,该系统以STM32H750VB单片机为控制器,通过电流电压采样模块收集系统参数,利用变步进电导增量法并结合PID控制算法对输入升降压模块PWM波进行控制,从而控制太阳能板的输出功率,以实现跟踪最大功率点的目标。由试验结果可知,该系统可以快速实现最大功率点跟踪的目标,具有较高的实用价值。     

基于实际需求的小型独立太阳能发电系统设计与研究

为提高独立光伏系统的供电可靠性和光伏利用率,该文针对所选取设计地的气象数据,以及家用负载耗电量等条件,利用蓄电池容量计算式,计算系统中蓄电池放电小时率,并合理选择蓄电池型号。在最大功率跟踪条件下,根据光伏系统安装地的实际地理、气候、负荷情况,对发电系统中光伏电池阵列容量进行选择合理配置。利用Matlab中的Simulink工具箱构造小型太阳能发电系统,通过在光照强度和负载变化的条件下,研究蓄电池的响应特性和系统的功率平衡性能。仿真结果证实,合理选择蓄电池具备良好的充放电特性,能快速调节系统输出功率满足负载需求。     

一种基于STC单片机的太阳能光伏控制器的设计探讨

太阳能光伏控制器是光伏发电系统自动进行能量管理的核心,其性能的好坏直接影响着整个系统的可靠性和工作效率。本文设计的光伏控制器方案结构简单、控制准确,采用三阶段PWM充电控制方式,转换效率高,适用于在小功率光伏发电系统中推广应用。     

太阳能跟随系统设计

太阳能作为一种清洁、可再生能源,具有强大的开发潜力。光伏产业是新能源产业发展的主力。目前普遍采用的太阳跟踪方式是单轴跟踪和最大功率点跟踪,这种跟踪方式还不能够充分、有效地利用太阳能。在此基础上设计出跟踪准确,控制可靠的双轴跟踪系统,并采用视日运动跟踪和光电跟踪相结合的跟踪控制策略,有效的提高了太阳能发电的效率。     

关于分布式光伏发电计量故障的分析

<正>光伏发电是指利用光生伏特效应原理,一些特殊半导体物质受到太阳光照射后部分粒子吸收光子移动,产生电势能。完整的太阳能光伏系统由太阳能电池板、控制器、蓄电池、直流配电箱、逆变器和交流配电箱组成。控制器控制整个系统的工作状态,并对蓄电池进行充电、放电保护,蓄电池的直流电能经过逆变器转变成交流电能供给用户使用或实现余量上网。     

并联混合动力汽车复合电源控制策略的研究

通过对复合电源在混合动力汽车(HEV)中应用的研究,设计了针对某款并联式混合动力汽车的复合电源结构,并对其效率特性进行了分析,提出了复合电源的功率分配控制策略以及电池给超级电容充电策略,基于MATALAB/Simulink,建立了复合能量存储系统模型,并嵌入ADVISOR软件中,在城市道路循环UDDS工况下进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,通过采用该复合电源控制策略,可以充分发挥超级电容和蓄电池各自的优点,改善整车储能系统的存储效率,提高制动能量的回收效率。     

光伏发电系统引入计量技术机构的可行性研究

在光伏发电系统中,提出运用最大功率跟踪方式MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tacking),实现光伏电池方阵输出功率向电能的最大程度的转化。并通过matlab中simunlink建立相关模型进行验证。以此改善光伏发电效率,减少光伏太阳能板的面积,降低引入光伏系统的成本与门槛,从而对普通计量技术机构采用光伏系统为小功率计量器具供电的可行性进行研究。     

光伏发电系统最大功率点跟踪技术的研究

为了提高太阳能光伏电池的光电转换效率,文章着重对光伏阵列的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)技术进行研究。通过对单个光伏电池的建模、仿真来认识光伏电池在不同条件下的特性曲线,选取扰动观测法进行研究,并选用BOOST电路的DC/DC功率变换器,基于MATLAB/SIMULINK建立光伏系统的仿真模型,并通过脉宽调制(PWM)占空比的变化来改变电路的输出电压来实现对最大功率点的跟踪。     

光伏发电中MPPT控制方法概述

在光伏发电系统里,为了能充分利用光伏发电功率,最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)起着无法替代的作用。本文叙述了两种在光伏发电系统中最常用的最大功率点跟踪方法,指出了各自的优点和缺点。最后总结并展望最大功率点跟踪在光伏系统中的发展方向。     

基于超级电容的工业仪表低功耗背光供电系统

鉴于国内外大多数工业仪表由于4~20mA环路供电的限制而不能在液晶中引入背光的现状,设计一套基于超级电容的超低功耗背光供电系统。通过对LCD供电系统的研究和实验,以超级电容作为独立电源,将电容与电池的优点结合起来。系统充电电流由单片机控制数字电位器进行,放电时则加入高效率的电荷泵,将电压升压后经恒流二极管整流驱动背光LED。最后通过实验验证该背光系统的实用性。     

Fundamental performance of novel power supply for HTS magnet using solar energy system

A technical fusion is an important option to establish renewal development in the mutual fields. We have proposed a novel superconducting power supply that is combined with superconducting power supply and solar energy system. An eternal electric energy can be converted by solar energy system, which contains solar panel, photovoltaic (PV) controller and energy-storing battery, can be utilized in the utility power of superconducting power applications. The novel power supply could operate without external utility power to charge the HTS load magnet due to the solar energy. We can improve the operating efficiency and install it in remote locations where utility power is not available. In this paper, as a first step of this work, we showed the possibility of technical fusion between a superconducting power supply and a solar energy system.     

A modified circuit topology for inductive pulsed power supply based on HTSPPTs

High temperature superconducting pulsed power transformer (HTSPPT) provides an efficient method for inductive energy storage and current multiplication. The primary inductor of HTSPPT used for energy storage is made of high temperature superconducting coils, and the secondary inductor used for current pulse generation is made of normal conductor coils. In the initial circuit, the secondary inductor generates current pulse by switching out the coupled primary superconducting inductor. However, during the switching period, the leakage flux caused by imperfect coupling and the sudden change in primary current induce a voltage across the opening switch which exceeds the affordability of modern solid-state switches. In previous studies, a half-cycle oscillatory discharge circuit is proposed to mitigate these problems by using a capacitor to recapture the energy in the leakage flux and to slow down the turnoff of current in the primary. However, there are still some problems should be settled. For example, the output pulse cannot be adjusted, the residual energy cannot be recovered and the capacitor branch circuit may have an impact on the charging process. In the paper, a modified discharge circuit topology is introduced to solve these problems. A multi-module system comprising of several HTSPPTs charging in series connection and discharging in parallel is also designed and simulated. This system can be used to power an electromagnetic emission device.     

Generating capacity adequacy evaluation of small stand-alone power systems containing solar energy

This paper presents a time sequential simulation method for generating capacity adequacy evaluation of small stand-alone power systems containing solar energy (PSCSE) operating in parallel with battery storage. The reliability performance of such a system is quite different from one containing only conventional generation. This is due to the chronological random nature of the solar radiation level and the dependencies associated with the power output of every photovoltaic (PV) generating unit at the site location. The adequacy of a PSCSE depends on various factors such as the solar radiation level, the battery size and charging (discharging) capability, the failure/repair characteristics of the diesel generator (DG) and the PV unit, the system load profile and peak load and the solar energy penetration level in the system etc. The methodologies, results and discussions presented in this paper should provide valuable information to utilities involved in planning and operating stand-alone systems utilizing both conventional and solar energy.     

太阳能最大功率点跟踪的航模电调设计

根据太阳能光伏输出特性,采用最小二分法实现最大功率点跟踪(MPPT),对于提高太阳能电池的输出功率及太阳能的利用率,特别是在控制电机等感性负载上,意义重大.在航模飞机上,太阳能飞机的飞行受太阳能板输出功率的直接影响,而航模飞机的电调采用中颖公司的SH79F168作为主芯片,太阳能最大功率输出也需要芯片控制太阳能板的输出电压,此设计的目的就是把两者合二为一,以节省空间并提高效能.     

Optimization of Adaptive Fuzzy Controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Whale Algorithm

The advantage of fuzzy controllers in working with inaccurate and nonlinear inputs is that there is no need for an accurate mathematical model and fast convergence and minimal fluctuations in the maximum power point detector. The capability of online fuzzy tracking systems is maximum power, resistance to radiation and temperature changes, and no need for external sensors to measure radiation intensity and temperature. However, the most important issue is the constant changes in the amount of sunlight that cause the maximum power point to be constantly changing. The controller used in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuit must be able to adapt to the new radiation conditions. Therefore, in this paper, to more accurately track the maximum power point of the solar system and receive more electrical power at its output, an adaptive fuzzy control was proposed, the parameters of which are optimized by the whale algorithm. The studies have repeated under different irradiation conditions and the proposed controller performance has been compared with perturb and observe algorithm (P&O) method, which is a practical and high-performance method. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the particle swarm algorithm optimized the adaptive fuzzy controller. The simulation results show that the adaptive fuzzy control system performs better than the P&O tracking system. Higher accuracy and consequently more production power at the output of the solar panel is one of the salient features of the proposed control method, which distinguishes it from other methods. On the other hand, the adaptive fuzzy controller optimized by the whale algorithm has been able to perform relatively better than the controller designed by the particle swarm algorithm, which confirms the higher accuracy of the proposed algorithm.     

风、光、油互补控制器的设计

本文设计开发的一款基于风、光、油互补的充电控制器,可以实现风能和光能转化为蓄电池电能,在无风、无光照的条件下,且蓄电池的能量不足,可以启动油机进行发电,并对蓄电池进行充电。从而实现对可再生能源的充分利用,在保障设备供电的前提下,最大限度的节省燃油。     

A single phase photovoltaic inverter control for grid connected system

This paper presents a control scheme for single phase grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system operating under both grid connected and isolated grid mode. The control techniques include voltage and current control of grid-tie PV inverter. During grid connected mode, grid controls the amplitude and frequency of the PV inverter output voltage, and the inverter operates in a current controlled mode. The current controller for grid connected mode fulfills two requirements – namely, (i) during light load condition the excess energy generated from the PV inverter is fed to the grid and (ii) during an overload condition or in case of unfavorable atmospheric conditions the load demand is met by both PV inverter and the grid. In order to synchronize the PV inverter with the grid a dual transport delay based phase locked loop (PLL) is used. On the other hand, during isolated grid operation the PV inverter operates in voltage-controlled mode to maintain a constant amplitude and frequency of the voltage across the load. For the optimum use of the PV module, a modified P&O based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller is used which enables the maximum power extraction under varying irradiation and temperature conditions. The validity of the proposed system is verified through simulation as well as hardware implementation.     

A grid-tie PV inverter with the ability to improve power quality under unbalanced and distorted source voltage conditions

ABSTRACT

This paper proposes a grid-tie PV inverter that is able to improve power quality under conditions of both distorted and unbalanced source voltage. The presented strategy is based on the instantaneous power theory and uses a second-order generalized integrator-quadrature signal generator (SOGI-QSG). The presented control strategy is aimed at compensating reactive power, eliminating current harmonics, load balancing, and enabling the PV to inject maximum power to the grid. The advantages of the control system are the use of SOGI-QSG adaptive filter and frequency-locked loop (FLL), and removing the low-pass filter and phase-locked loop (PLL). DC–DC and DC–AC converters are utilized for connecting the PV to the grid. The DC–DC and DC–AC converters are responsible for maximum PV power tracking and achieving the control aims, respectively. Using 4-leg converter structure for grid-tie inverter enables achieving the control objectives in 3-phase 4-wire distribution network without any transformer. The presented control strategy is applied to a 3-phase 4-wire distribution network and is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The results of this simulation are then compared with the conventional instantaneous power method in areas including load balancing, reactive power compensation and the elimination of current harmonics, under unbalanced and distorted source voltage conditions.     

单相无电解电容永磁同步电机驱动系统控制方法研究

针对传统单相无电解电容电机驱动系统中直流母线电压波动较大而导致控制不稳的问题,提出一种单相无电解电容永磁同步电机驱动系统控制方法。通过对传统单相无电解电容电机驱动系统输入、输出功率进行分析,在q轴电流注入正弦分量,对输出功率进行控制,调节输入功率,达到改善输入电流波形的目的;通过设计一种积分比例控制器替代传统的比例积分控制器对母线电压进行调节,能够有效抑制母线电容充电时的电流、电压过冲。理论分析、仿真结果与试验结果均验证所提控制策略的有效性。