简化力学模型的三面围焊计算方法

在详细分析钢结构连接中三面围焊计算方法的基础上,提出了截面刚度视角下的计算公式,建立简化力学模型.从构件截面刚度的角度确定肢背、肢尖的分配系数,对单角钢与节点板三面围焊的侧缝长度计算方法做了改进.     

对桩竖向弹性刚度的讨论

我国《动力机器基础设计规范》(GB50 0 4 0 96 )确定桩的竖向刚度时采用刚性桩的设计理论。对桩土体系采用多质点离散化模型对桩的刚度进行了分析 ,指出 ,按刚性桩的计算结果过于偏大 ,并指出桩侧刚度的不均匀分布对桩的竖向刚度亦有着明显的影响     

三维离散元计算参数选取方法研究

简要分析了岩体力学计算中比较重要的几何参数和物理参数的选取问题。通过对几种离散元方法接触关系的比较，讨论了在不同的计算模型中结构面刚度所代表的物理意义。指出在刚性块体模型中，结构面的刚度是包含了岩块和结构面物理特性的等效刚度，而在可变形块体模型中，只有当块体间的接触弹簧刚度取足够大时，才能客观地反映岩体的特性。太大的接触刚度影响计算的可靠性，为此给出了一种简单的处理方法。通过量纲分析的方法给出了岩体结构振动的阻尼表达式，指出可以通过岩体的振动实验确定阻尼比，并进而给出特征时间。量纲分析得到的特征时间为计算时间步长提供了参考值。最后，介绍了离散元法的计算控制及滑动与失稳的判据。     

SMA耗能阻尼器的连续刚度力学模型研究

基于大量SMA耗能阻尼器力学试验,根据阻尼器工作时刚度渐变的特点,提出了连续刚度力学模型,建立了SMA耗能阻尼器性能参数的简易计算公式,给出了相关参数的计算方法并分析了对SMA耗能阻尼器性能参数计算结果的影响。试验分析结果表明:1)连续刚度力学模型滞回曲线与试验滞回曲线相吻合,适用于SMA耗能阻尼器的力学研究;2)应用SMA耗能阻尼器性能参数简易公式计算的阻尼器性能参数值与试验值的误差小于7%。     

某观光塔基础刚度的数值优化分析

本文采用有限元法对某观光塔结构在不同基础刚度下的力学特性进行了数值分析。计算模型采用多自由度悬臂梁体系,在一定范围内设定不同大小的基础水平刚度和转动刚度。数值模拟分析了基础刚度对该塔上部结构力学特性的影响,从而选择比较优化的基础刚度。并将实际采用的基础形式与塔体建立了整体模型,并进行比较分析,其研究结果可为该类型塔基础的优化设计提供参考依据。     

Z形截面短肢剪力墙的力学模型和计算分析

通过对Z形截面带暗支撑短肢剪力墙的试验,建立了Z形截面带暗支撑短肢剪力墙的刚度计算公式,以及承载力计算的力学模型与公式,并将计算结果与实测值进行了对比分析,得出两者符合较好的结论,对理论研究和设计方法研究有一定指导作用。     

考虑橡胶支座拉压刚度不同取值对隔震效果的影响研究

目前,国内外在隔震结构分析计算中,隔震支座竖向刚度采用拉、压刚度相等的力学模型。但是大量的研究和试验表明,隔震支座的抗拉刚度只有抗压刚度的1/5~1/10。采用目前隔震支座模型计算时,必然会过大地计算隔震支座的抗拉刚度,并且放大了隔震支座的拉应力,不利于高层隔震结构的发展。为此,本文提出将一个橡胶隔震支座单元和一个间隙单元并联来模拟橡胶支座,能真实反映隔震支座的力学性能。算例分析结果表明,采用新模型的隔震结构支座没有出现拉应力,而其他力学指标相同。该力学模型可以应用到隔震结构的时程分析中,有利于高层、塔型等大高宽比隔震结构的发展。     

盾构隧道管片无衬垫接头抗弯刚度研究

在考虑接头细部构造特征的基础上,通过合理的假定和简化,建立了无弹性衬垫的管片接头抗弯刚度计算模型,并对接头抗弯刚度计算公式进行了推导.该模型考虑了接触面几何尺寸、螺栓数量、螺栓位置、螺栓预紧力以及接头弯矩、轴力等因素对接头抗弯刚度的影响.文中得出公式与接触力学模型计算结果相比,当受压区混凝土在弹性范围内时二者吻合良好,当超过弹性范围后偏差较大.因为正常使用阶段混凝土一般处于弹性状态,且本模型计算过程简便快捷,故可作为盾构隧道设计的参考.     

基于组合-分层壳元理论薄壁预应力混凝土结构的力学响应

基于组合-分层壳单元,建立薄壁预应力混凝土结构的计算模型,并对其力学行为进行分析。首先引入壳元理论,对薄壁结构进行壳元离散。并对壳元中的混凝土应用分层理论描述,对壳元中的钢筋单元采用大变形杆单元模拟。根据钢筋和混凝土在壳元内的位移协调条件,推导了整体转换矩阵后,将两者组合成一个单元,同时基于虚功原理推导了钢筋对组合壳元整体刚度矩阵的贡献。算例分析表明,本文方法的计算结果与已有的试验结果吻合良好,本文研究的组合壳元模型能适应钢筋的任意布置方式,能较全面地反映混凝土内钢筋的力学效应,数值计算稳定性良好,弥补了商用有限元软件非线性计算稳定性较差这一缺点。组合-分层壳元法为薄壁预应力混凝土结构提供了一种有效的分析方法。     

ANSYS单元生死技术软件在结构设计及施工中的应用

常规的结构设计基本上是建立在静态的力学模型基础上进行分析计算的,结构的刚度或者边界条件随时问变化的时候,常规的设计方法就有一定的局限性了.ANSYS程序中的单元生死技术可以通过改变单元的状态来模拟结构刚度或边界条件随时问变化,通过两个实际工程的ANSYS计算模型,说明生死单元在结构设计及施工中的应用,展现了有限元技术成为结构人员强有力帮手的必然趋势.     

基于离散单元法的单层网壳结构冲击破坏#br# 数值模拟研究

基于传统离散单元法的接触模型,通过能量守恒定律推导适用于杆系结构的离散元模型接触刚度。将分层梁理论引入到离散单元法中,给出接触的塑性判断准则以及推导接触进入塑性后的刚度系数,从而可以应用离散元方法解决杆系结构的弹塑性问题。通过定义离散单元法基于应变的断裂准则,将其应用于解决杆件的断裂问题。选取适用于碰撞问题的赫兹模型,给出赫兹模型刚度的设置方法。最后应用改进后的离散单元法对单层网壳冲击试验进行了考虑弹塑性、断裂、碰撞的全过程模拟,验证了该方法的正确性。并对Kiewitt单层球面网壳单点冲击和多点冲击进行数值模拟研究,分析了单点和多点冲击下单层网壳的破坏模式、冲击力、节点位移和支座反力的异同点。     

Lateral-torsional buckling of I-girders with discrete torsional bracings

Discrete torsional bracing systems are widely used in practice to increase the lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) strength of I-girders. However, only limited studies are available on the LTB strength of I-girders with mid-span torsional bracing. In addition, equivalent continuous brace stiffness concept is adopted for general discrete torsional bracing problems. This article presents an analytical solution for LTB strength and stiffness requirements of I-girders with discrete torsional bracings under a uniform bending condition. Firstly, the critical moment and torsional stiffness requirement are derived by using an energy method for an arbitrary number of bracing points. The proposed equations are then compared with the results of finite element analyses and those obtained by previous researchers. From the results, it is found that the proposed solutions agree well with the results of finite element analyses regardless of the number of bracing points, while the results for the equivalent continuous brace stiffness concept are not suitable for multiple discrete torsionally braced beams. Finally, reduced formula for the total stiffness requirement is proposed for the purpose of design, and effects of linear moment gradient loading and geometric imperfections on critical moments and stiffness requirement are also observed.     

颗粒离散元方法中黄土强度参数研究

颗粒离散元方法是离散元方法的一种,其研究对象的强度参数确定过程是非常繁琐的,常规方法必须进行数值计算和室内试验的标定。本文基于PFC软件,编写直接剪切试验程序,通过室内直剪试验和模拟试验对比分析,研究颗粒离散元方法中大孔隙,疏松的黄土强度参数。分析得到重力条件、颗粒密度、刚度和模型尺寸效应对强度曲线的影响,其中尺寸效应影响明显,通过多次计算提出了不同尺寸模型的参数换算公式。研究土体抗剪强度粘聚力c和离散元中接触黏结强度bond之间的线性关系,拟合得到二者的计算公式,通过公式可以快速标定得到颗粒离散元方法中黄土的强度参数,这为黄土地区地质灾害的离散元数值分析提供参数基础。     

Numerical investigation into the stiffness anisotropy of asphalt concrete from a microstructural perspective

A micromechanical model was built in this paper to investigate the stiffness anisotropy of asphalt concrete (AC) using the discrete element method. Four three-dimensional cubic AC digital samples with different aggregate particle orientations were built using discrete element software PFC3D. The aggregate gradation and shape, air voids and mastic included in the digital samples were modeled using different contact models, with due consideration of the volumetric fractions of the different phases. Laboratory uniaxial complex modulus test and indirect tensile strength test were conducted to obtain material input parameters for numerical modeling. Simulation of the uniaxial cyclic compressive tests was performed on the four cubic samples loaded in three different directions. Dynamic stiffness in different directions was calculated from the compression stress–strain responses. Results show that the AC stiffness is significantly dependent on preferential orientation of aggregate particles. The AC stiffness in the long-axis direction of aggregate particles is shown to be up to 43% higher than the stiffness in the particle short-axis direction. The stiffness anisotropy of AC decreases as the mixture temperature drops.     

高层空间半刚性连接钢框架分析的QR法

采用双向三次B样条基函数及正交多项式乘积的线性组合,构造了空间钢框架结构分析QR法的整体位移函数,借助于有限元法的离散网格、单元刚度方程,通过单元结点位移和QR法广义位移的变换,建立起QR法的计算格式.基于半刚性连接钢框架结构的基本假定,在单元的刚度矩阵和等效荷载向量中引入无量纲刚度因子,通过刚度因子的不同取值,不但可以分析空间刚接框架、简支框架,还可以分析任意的半刚性连接钢框架.程序计算的结果证明了该算法的正确性及精确性.     

Geosynthetic reinforced piled embankment modeling using discrete and continuum approaches

Understanding the load transfer mechanism can support engineers having more economical design of geosynthetic reinforced piled embankments. This study aims to investigate the load transfer mechanisms by two different numerical methods including the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Finite Difference Method (FDM). The DEM model adopts (a) discrete particles to simulate the micro-structure of the granular materials and (b) coupled discrete element – finite element method (DEM-FEM) to capture the interaction between granular materials and geotextiles. On the other hand, the FDM model uses an advanced constitutive soil model considering the hardening and softening behaviour of the granular materials. The numerical results show that the geotextiles can only contribute to the vertical loading resistance in cases where the soils between piles are soft enough. In terms of design, an optimum value of the geotextile tensile stiffness can be found considering the load, the soft soil stiffness and the thickness of the embankment. Both the DEM and the FDM show that a high geotextile tensile stiffness is not required since an extra stiffness will slightly contribute to the efficiency of the geosynthetic reinforced piled embankments. Nevertheless, both models are useful to optimize the design of geosynthetic reinforced piled embankments.     

Discrete optimization problems of the steel bar structures

In this paper there are considered the optimal design problems of the elastic and elastic–plastic bar structures. These problems are formulated as nonlinear discrete optimization problems. The cross-sections of the bars are designed from steel rolled profiles. The mathematical models of the problems, including the structural requirements of strength, stiffness and stability, are formulated in terms of the finite element method. The stated nonlinear optimization problems are solved by the iterative method, where each iteration comprises of the selection of the cross-sections of the bars from the assortment and solution of the linear problems of discrete programming. The requirement of discrete cross-sections is ensured by the branch and bound method.     

无网格法对岩体不连续面的模拟

 鉴于以Goodman单元为代表的界面单元在传统有限元法中取得了广泛而成功的应用,因而采用无网格法进行岩土工程数值分析时,首先考虑引入Goodman单元以模拟不连续面。详细分析将Goodman单元引入无网格法模拟不连续面的可行性和当前研究所存在的问题。研究结果表明,由于Goodman单元最初的应用对象是有限元法,其位移模式实质是为了实现与其相连接的有限单元相协调;而无网格的位移模式是基于离散节点的,对于不同的待插值点,影响域覆盖该插值点的节点及其数量也不相同;因而必然存在着无网格法的位移模式与Goodman单元边界上假定的位移模式不相协调的问题。解决这个问题的关键是在考虑节理单元的刚度对总体刚度矩阵的贡献时,应采用数值积分计算得到节理单元的刚度矩阵而不是简单的将传统解析表达式累加到求解系统的总体刚度矩阵中去;考虑到上述特点,界面单元可以隐式或显式出现在计算模型中。以自然单元法为例详细介绍显式和隐式Goodman单元的具体实现方案,并给出相应的算例进行数值验证和对比;所提出的思路对于一般的无网格方法都是适用的。     

Dynamic soil-structure interaction by numerical Laplace transform

The dynamic response of general discrete and certain continuous linear systems to earthquake excitation including the effect of soil-structure interaction is obtained with the aid of the Laplace transform with respect to time. Application of the Laplace transform on the finite element equations of motion for a discrete system, directly or in conjunction with modal analysis, reduces them to a system of algebraic equations which are solved numerically in the transform domain. The Laplace transformed equations of motion for beam structures with a continuous distribution of mass are constructed in a finite element fashion with the aid of transformed dynamic stiffness coefficients and are solved numerically to yield the transformed solution. The system response in both cases is obtained by a numerical inversion of the transformed solution. Illustrative numerical examples are presented and the advantage-disadvantages of the Laplace transform technique are discussed.     

刚体离散元动力方法在基于位移的岩坡地震响应分析中的应用

当前岩坡地震动力响应分析中,多采用极限平衡方法分析拟静力安全系数,采用Newmark滑块分析动力永久位移,假设较多,工程实用性受限。将刚体离散元方法引入岩坡地震动力稳定性评价工作中。通过与强度折减法、Newmark法中的永久位移评价相结合,提出一种复杂岩坡静动力稳定性分析方法。初步认识表明:(1)采用极大节理刚度可以减少节理刚度带来的弹性接触位移,使得刚体离散元用于求解岩坡楔形块体的静/动力稳定性问题。(2)刚体离散元强度折减法可以无需假设块体运动方向或假定滑动形式,直接求解获取安全系数、下滑力等结果,可以考虑复杂形状块体,相比传统方法更具优势和实用性。(3)与4个经典静力算例与3个动力算例的对比验证,表明提出的刚体离散元方法及程序实现的正确性。(4)采用提出的方法,研究幅值、节理面交线倾角等参数对岩坡地震响应永久位移的影响规律研究,表明刚体离散元方法可以根据参数变化得到正确的得到相应的结果变化规律。且对比发现在某些特定条件下拟静力安全系数不能正确反映岩坡地震响应的陡增程度。(5)在工程实例中,采用刚体离散元方法进行K1块体基于位移的地震稳定性评价,给出基于超越概率的支护设计方案。相比拟静力安全系数设计方案,在满足使用条件的前提下优化程度更高。研究可为岩坡静动力稳定性分析提供一种新的思路。